1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)句子成分英語(yǔ)的句子中主要要這幾種成分：主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)、表。其中句子主干組成：主、謂、賓、表、補(bǔ)（組成五大基本句型）句子中的修飾成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（在句子中可增可減，去掉不影響句子的完整）、主語(yǔ)（名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的詞可做主語(yǔ)）1.名詞School is over.Bread is made from flour.2.代詞He enjoys playing tennis.She likes to watch TV on Sundays.3.the +形容詞The rich envy the happiness of the poor.The beautiful lives forever

2、.4. to+do不定式To keep early hours makes us healthy.To see is to believe.5. doing動(dòng)名詞Jogging is good for our health.Writing well requires much practice.6.名詞短語(yǔ)How to soke the problem troubles me much.7.主語(yǔ)從句That the earth is round is known to everyone.Why he resigned is a mystery to me.It（形式本語(yǔ)）is obvious

3、that he knows everything （干語(yǔ)從句） .、謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞做句子的謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)往往有時(shí)態(tài)的變化）Be動(dòng)詞You _are my best friend.You were right.Ihave been there before.系動(dòng)詞The flowers smell sweet.It turned blue.及物動(dòng)詞Igave her a bread.Ihave a dictionary.不及物動(dòng)詞The sun rises.Her mother left in a dark morning.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)He applied for a presitigious univer

4、sity.We must look into the matter immediately.The student deals with a very difficult question.助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞Ihave finished my work.Iwas helped by my teacher.Idon t know why it happened.He will come back tomorrow.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞Imust learn another language.She has to consider his opinion.Iwould go to Mr. Smith for

5、help.、賓語(yǔ)（請(qǐng)注意：能做主語(yǔ)的詞也能做賓語(yǔ)；及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)，介詞后面也有賓語(yǔ)）1.名詞He wrote a letter.I have a headache.2.代詞He helped me in the work.Playing tennis made him popular.3. the+形容詞The rich should help the poor.The young should respect the 01d.4. to do不定式I want to go to the concert.He likes to listen to music.5. doing動(dòng)名詞I don

6、t mind getting wet.I enjoy watching a football game.6.名詞短語(yǔ)I don t know how to swim.I decided what to buy.7.賓語(yǔ)從句I wonder when he will come.Tell me why you came late.I thought that the bus had left.I don t know whether he will come or not.8.直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)They told me（間）the news （直）.He showed me （間）how to d

7、o it （直）.9.同源賓語(yǔ)（許 多不反物動(dòng)詞可 接同源賓語(yǔ)）She lives a happy Jjfe.He slept a peaceful sleep.He dreamed a strange dream.四、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，可和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成有邏輯的句子）1.名詞They elected him chairman.The president made him captain.2.形容詞Her boyfriend makes her sad.I found the room empty.We keep the baby warm.3.形容詞短語(yǔ)The girls ma

8、de his table fuof flowers.They believed it of no value.The teacher makes him conscious of his mistake.4. 不7E式The soldiers do not allow anyone to ente。My sister asked me to go home.He helps me to get better grades.5.現(xiàn)在分詞I watch the train leaving the station.I hear somebody laughing.I caught them smok

9、ing in school.6.過(guò)去分詞He found his money stolen.I had my hair cut.He can t make himself understood.7.名詞從句（補(bǔ) 語(yǔ)從句）Education has made him what he is today.He told his daughter what happened.His wife asked him which dress she should wear.五、表語(yǔ)（放在系動(dòng)詞之后，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的成分就是表語(yǔ)）1.名詞His name is Sam.She is a teacher.2.代

10、詞The victim is her.The doctor is him.3.形容詞Fast food is popular.She looks happy.Leaves turned red in fall.4. 不7E式The best way is to let him stay in his room.Our plan is to finish the work.5.動(dòng)名詞His great pleasure in life is traveling.My hobby is growing flowers.My favorite sport is playing tennis.6.現(xiàn)在

11、分詞（本 身的特征）The dog is frightening.The city life is exciting.The book is boring.7.過(guò)去分詞（事 物所處狀態(tài)）Her parents were satisfied with her school report.The dog is frightened.I feel bored.8.介詞短語(yǔ)The patient is out of danger.She is in the room.The house is on fire9.名詞短語(yǔ)The question is what to do now10.表語(yǔ)從句My op

12、inion is that you must go right awayThis is what he said.That s why I want to work here.句子修飾成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)六、定語(yǔ)：（主要用于修飾主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，也可理解為修飾名詞的形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)， 限定詞，單個(gè)形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞一般放在名詞左邊；形容詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、現(xiàn)在 分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在名詞右邊）1.形容詞Adiligent student will succeed.Let me tell you something interesting.2.單個(gè)分詞Th

13、e wounded passengers were carried to a hospital at once.The sleeping baby must have a sweet dream.3.介詞短語(yǔ)Hotels around the beach area are booked to capacity in summer.The tree in front of the house makes the house cool.People in the world play basketball.4. 不7E式The best way to communicate with a fore

14、igners to make him laugh.I have a big family to support.He is always the first to come.5.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)A man wearing a green uniform delivers letters to our community.They built a highway leading to the mountains.We met a group of pupils returning from school.6.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)English is not the language spoken in th

15、at area.The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.This is a book written by a famous novelist.7.形容詞短語(yǔ)English is a language easy to learn.He gave me a basket full of eggs.These are the books available in this library.8.定語(yǔ)從句She took away everything that belongs to her.The man who y

16、ou met just now is my uncle.I like musicians who can play different kinds of music.9.同位語(yǔ)從句The news that he is still alive is really encouraging.I don t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.七、狀語(yǔ)（用于修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞或者相當(dāng)于副詞的結(jié)構(gòu)）1.副詞They played happily near their house.I barely know you.Basically, you can b

17、uy everything you can think of in a supermarket.2.介詞短語(yǔ)She was trembling with fear.I have to go to sleep after 10.In short, I have done my best.3.不定式短語(yǔ)I must get up early to catch the 萬(wàn)rst train.To get better grades, we need to study hard.4.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)Knowing the difficulties, he still sticks to his goal.De

18、feated by their enemies, they withdrew into the valley.Seen from the top, the mountain is a sea of trees.5.狀語(yǔ)從句Unless it rains tomooow, I will go swimming.When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.If you don h ave a good command of English grammar, you won t write good English.He was punished

19、 because he didn t obey the regulations.Although he has a 10t of money, he is unhappy.It looks as if it is going to rain.Practice:請(qǐng)指出下面文章的句子成分Americans today have different eating habits. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh

20、fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, american purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food.