1、 Unit4 Exploring plantsWarming upCan you tell the name of the flower?Tulip Tulips are beautiful flowers and people often send them to their friends as presents. Sunflower It comes from North America.Indians there began to grow them some 3000 years ago. Peony the Chinese national flowerRose Roses are

2、 best presents to be sent to friends. And it is also very popular to send roses as love signal between young people. Red roses indicate warmth and love, and white ones, purity and simplicity, blue ones, honesty and sincerity.Which is your favorite flower? Why?Readingrose 玫瑰tulip 郁金香peony 牡丹sunflower

3、 向日葵 Which flower is your favorite? Why? rose red roses indicate warmth and love white ones, purity（純潔） and simplicity（樸實(shí)） blue ones, honesty and sincerity.Joseph BanksDaniel solanderKarl LinnaeusTeacherStudentlifelong friends What happened in these years? Complete the sentences.1 In l5OO BC, the Qu

4、een of Egypt sent ships to gather plants, animals and other goods.2 In the 1740s, a French Catholic missionary called Father dIncarville was sent to Beijing.3 In1751,some Tree of Heaven seeds arrived in England.Comprehending 4 In1769, Sir Joseph Banks collected vast quantities of plants in the land

5、now known as Australia5 In 1784, the Tree of Heaven was introduced into North America.6 In 1833, Nathaniel Ward used two special cases that he had invented to ship British plants to Sydney, Australia.7 Between 1843 and 1859, a British plant collector Robert Fortune, made several trips to China8 Duri

6、ng the second half of the nineteenth century, many Catholic missionaries were sent to China from France.9 In 1897, a French Plant collector Father Farges, sent seeds of the Dover Tree from China to France.10 In 1899, a Plant collector, E H Wilson, collected a large quantity of the seeds of the Dove

7、Tree in China.Grammar1. Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. (Reading Para.1)【解析】date back to從現(xiàn)在追溯到過去某時，相當(dāng)于date from或go back to?！究疾榉较颉靠疾閐ate back to短語作謂語的情況。因“追溯”是從現(xiàn)在算起指向過去，所以改動詞的時態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，沒有被動語態(tài)。【考題預(yù)測】His interest in stamp collecting his school days. A.

8、 is dated from B. dates back to C. is dated back to D. dates 【點(diǎn)撥】date back to (date from)無被動形式，而date作動詞表示“寫上日期”，與句意不符，故選B。2. Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease, near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with th

9、e local people. (Reading Para.2)【解析1】動詞-ing短語often facing many dangers including disease, near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people作謂語took the opportunity的伴隨狀語?！究疾榉较颉糠侵^語動詞的考測?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，它同句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且和句子謂語動作幾乎是同時發(fā)生?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】We often provide our children with toys,

10、footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. （全國卷III 2006）A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought【點(diǎn)撥】we和think構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且動作thinking that同動作provide同時發(fā)生。故選A?！窘馕?】conflict是名詞，意為“沖突，斗爭”，常構(gòu)成短語有：in conflict有矛盾，有沖突；in conflict with和有矛盾，和不一致；bring sb. into conflict使某人與發(fā)生爭執(zhí)等等。【考查方向】考試時會

11、把conflict同argument（辯論）, negotiation（談判）, bargain（契約，合同）, battle（戰(zhàn)斗，戰(zhàn)爭）, campaign（戰(zhàn)役，活動，運(yùn)動）, struggle（競爭，奮斗）, contact（聯(lián)系，接觸）, connection（聯(lián)接，關(guān)系）等名詞放在一起辨析?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality. （上海2004）contact B. contrast C. connection D. co

12、nflict【點(diǎn)撥】 contact “聯(lián)系，接觸，交際，交往”；contrast “對比，對照”；connection “聯(lián)系，關(guān)系”；conflict“爭論，沖突，抵觸，斗爭”。句意：在處理公共關(guān)系時，我們應(yīng)努力防止價格沖突。故選D。3. In 1769, Banks collected vast quantities of plants in the land now known as Australia. (Reading Para.4)【解析1】quantity作名詞，意為“量，數(shù)量，總量”， quantity前可用huge, good, great, large，small, va

13、st等詞語修飾?！究疾榉较颉俊癮 large quantity of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，相當(dāng)于“a large number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；“a large quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，相當(dāng)于“a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語一般情況下用單數(shù)，但如果“quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。【真題再現(xiàn)】As a result of destroying the forests, a large_ of desert _ covered the land. A. number has B

14、. quantityhas C. numberhave D. quantity have【點(diǎn)撥】a large number of后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以排除A和C；a large quantity后面跟的是desert，表示“沙漠”，用于不可數(shù)名次，所以排除D。句意為：破壞森林的結(jié)果是大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地。選B。【解析2】句中now known as Australia是過去分詞短語作the land的后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is now known as Australia。be known as以著稱?！究疾榉较颉靠疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。以be known引出的短語有：be know

15、 as作為而出名；be known for因而出名；be known to為知道?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】 The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007 上海) A. to be completedB. having been completed C. completed D. being completed【點(diǎn)撥】過去分詞短語作定語。故選C。4. A British man called Robert Fortune was one of the earliest plant co

16、llectors to use Wardian cases. (Reading Para.7)【解析】句中the earliest是形容詞最高級作plant collectors的定語，動詞不定式短語to use Wardian cases作collectors的后置定語?！究疾榉较颉慨?dāng)名詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞(含last)等修飾時，其后接動詞不定式作定語?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】This company was the first _ portable radio as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. （ 2005上海春）producing

17、B. to produce C. having produced D. produced【點(diǎn)撥】the first后面省略了名詞company，the first后接動詞不定式作后置定語。句意：這家公司是世界上第一家生產(chǎn)小收音機(jī)和錄音機(jī)的公司。選B。5 Although the missionaries collected large numbers of specimens, there was not enough material for growing particular species in Western gardens. (Reading Para.9)【解析】although

18、是從屬連詞，意為“盡管，雖然，然而”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用?！究疾榉较颉靠疾檫B詞although與其他連詞的辨析。although不與but連用，但可與副詞still或yet連用。although與though同義，用法也基本相同，但在讓步從句中，though的位置比較活（如“Though he is poor”和“Poor though he is”），although則通常置于從句之首?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】 he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. （ 2006全國卷）Sin

19、ce B. Unless C. As D. Although【點(diǎn)撥】since和as表示原因，unless表示條件，although表示讓步。根據(jù)句意，本題引導(dǎo)although讓步狀語從句，故選D。 We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. (2007 遼寧卷)A. since B. although C. until D. before1. Last week while we were going through the forest. I lost touch with my friend. I was ve

20、ry frightened at that moment. But now I think it was _ exciting _.a; experience B. an; experienceC. /; experience D. /; experiences2. In the botanical garden we can find a(n) _of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.species B. groups C. amount D. variety3. This is a very special flower

21、 and it can _ a strong sweet perfume at night.give in B. give up C. give out D. give over4. It was _ back home after he finished the report.not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt went5. They are so close frien

22、ds and their friendship_ college days.dates back to B. are dated back to C. are dated from D. dates back from6. Can you give me some advice about the design? I think it should _ to all ages and social groups.A. appear B. appeal C. suit D. fit7. _, he would come late and then say he was sorry.Eventua

23、lly B. Typically C. Particularly D. Especially8. There was a little nice present for everyone, with a suitable poem _ to it.attached B. attacked C. attracted D. attributed9. It was suggested that the NMET _ in the city because of the flood.was postponed B. be postponedC. would be postponed D. had be

24、en postponed10. Famous _ a writer, Lu Xun is well-known _ Chinese _ his wonderful works.like; for; as B. for; to; asC. as; to; for D. to; as; for11. When I try to understand _ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.why it doe

25、s B. what it doesC. what it is D. why it is12. Entry in this competition is _ to amateurs.A. weakened B. omitted C. restricted D. lowered13. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict14. Waiter! My wi

26、fe takes great interest in most of the food on the menu.Thanks. _.Salad, fried fish, fried chicken and orange juice, please.What can I do for you? B. At your service?C. Shall I take your order? D. Oh, what?15. I didnt know this was a one-way street on that avenue. officer. _.Thats all right. B. You

27、are sure.C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but thats no excuse.Language points 1 However，it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale 然而，直到18和19世紀(jì)人們對植物世界大規(guī)模的探索才開始。 It iswas not untilthat意思是“直到才 ”。 如： Actually it was not

28、 until 4 June that the submarines arrived at the station. 實(shí)際上，直到6月4號艦艇才到達(dá)基地。 It was not until the l880s that there were consistent experimental findings to support his theory. 直到19世紀(jì)80年代才有了一致的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)支持他的理論。 另外，含有not until結(jié)構(gòu)的句子也還可以放在句首來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這時主旬用倒裝句。如： Not until the early years ofthel9th century didmarl

29、 know what heat is.直到19世紀(jì)初期人們才知道什么是熱能。 Not until I began to work did I realize bow much time I had wasted直到開始工作時我才意識到自己浪費(fèi)了多少時間。 on a large scale意思是“大規(guī)模地”。如： The aim of the project is to test whether this method provides valid results when it is employed on a large scale. 這個項(xiàng)目的目的是檢驗(yàn)當(dāng)這種方法被大規(guī)模運(yùn)用時是否有效。

30、scale在這兒的意思是“規(guī)模；程度；范圍”。如： a largescale business operation 大規(guī)模的商業(yè)運(yùn)作Many companies are now expanding to benefit from economies of scale.許多公司因大規(guī)模的經(jīng)營擴(kuò)展而獲利。 scale用作名詞時，還可以表示“等級；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。如： The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 012。 風(fēng)力用012級的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來測量。 The earthquake measured6.5 on the Richter sc

31、ale 這次地震是里氏6.5級。 scale表示“刻度，標(biāo)度”。如： The ruler has one scale in centimeters and onescale in inches. 這把尺子一邊是用厘米，一邊用英寸刻度。 scales表示“磅秤;天平”。美國用scale。如： Putting it on the scales把它放在天平上。 bathroom scales浴室磅秤 表示“比例；比例尺”。如： The plan of the building was drawn to scale. 這棟大樓的平面圖是按比例繪制的。 The map has a scale of on

32、e centimeter to the kilometer. 這幅地圖的比例是一厘米代表一公里。 2 Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, take the opportunity 后面常接不定式或介詞of doing sth. 如： When we were finally alone，It took the opportunity to ask him a few personal questions. 當(dāng)我們終干單獨(dú)在一起的時候，我趁機(jī)問了他幾個私人問題。 Id like to ta

33、ke this opportunity of thanking everyone for their hard work 0n the project. 我愿借此機(jī)會感謝每個人為這個項(xiàng)目所付出的辛勤勞動。 They took the opportunity to visit Ann while they were in London. 在倫敦時他們找了機(jī)會去看望了安。 注意opportunity與其它動詞或介詞的搭配。 如： You shouldnt miss the opportunity to see the playit is rarely put on. 你不要錯過看這場戲的機(jī)會，它很

34、少上演。There will be plenty of opportunity for asking questions later最后有很多機(jī)會問問題。 conflict意思是“沖突，抵觸，爭論”。如： The two parties have been in conflict since the election. 自從選舉以來兩黨一直陷入矛盾之中。 conflict還有“戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)斗；斗爭”的意思。如：This is a serious dispute and could lead to armed conflict. 這存在著嚴(yán)重的分歧，很可能導(dǎo)致武裝沖突。3 At that time，

35、there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so, in order to travel unnoticed，he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man，even shaving his head in the Chinese style那時候，歐洲人在中國的活動受到種種限制，因此，為了在旅行時不被別人注意，他努力使自己的漢語講得很流利，并且穿著中國人的服裝，甚至像中國人一樣削發(fā)(留辮)。 這是個并列句，At that time，there

36、 were restrictions on the movement of Europeans是并列句的第一部分，in order to travel unnoticed 是第二部分，由and把這兩部分連接起來。 restriction意思是“限制;約束”，注意它后面所接的介詞on，表示“限制或約束的具體內(nèi)容”。如： This ticket permits you to travel anywhere, without restriction 這張票允許你無限制地訪問任何地方。 Speed restrictions operate on all urban roads. 限速規(guī)定適用于所有城市

37、道路。 詞語聯(lián)想 與restrictions意思相同的詞是limits。如： Unfortunately there are certain limit son my time and I am unable to help yon. 很不湊巧，我有時間限制，無法幫助你。 Whats the speed limit on this road? 這條路的限速規(guī)定是多少? in order to travel unnoticed是動詞不定式做目的狀語。unnoticed是動詞的過去分詞形式，用作to travel的伴隨情況狀語。如： The teacher came in，followed by

38、his students. 老師進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的學(xué)生。 She sat by the window，lost in thought她在窗前坐下，陷入沉思。 fluency是fluent的名詞形式，意思是“流利，流暢”。如： To work as a translator, you need fluency in at least one foreign language. 作為翻譯，你至少要流利地掌握一門外語。 She speaks German with impressive fluency她說一口令人印象深刻的流利的德語。 even shaving his head in the Chi

39、nese style 動詞的-ing形式，用作狀語。如： The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here 來訪的部長在他的談話里表達(dá)了他的滿意，并補(bǔ)充說他在這里很愉快。 Even when we turn off the bed side lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators，heating our wate

40、r，or keeping our rooms conditioned. 即便當(dāng)我們關(guān)掉床頭燈，進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)，電還在為我們工作，開動冰箱，熱水保溫或保持室內(nèi)空調(diào)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 shave意思是“刮(胡子、臉)，剃(須)，剃掉(身體某部位)上的全部毛發(fā)”。如： I cut myself while I was shaving我在刮胡子的時候割破了自己。 He has decided to shave off his beard. 他已決定刮掉胡子。 4 Not only did Fortune introduce over l20 species of plants to Western gardens b

41、ut he also shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established. 福瓊不僅把120余種植物引進(jìn)入西方的園林，而且還用船將兩萬株茶樹從上海運(yùn)到印度，印度的制茶工業(yè)就成功地發(fā)展起來了。 not only放在句首時，用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這時句子需要倒裝。如： Not only did they bring snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they h

42、ad a picnic in the forest. 他們不但買了零食和飲料，而且?guī)砹藶樵谏掷锱e行野餐時玩的撲克。 Not only did he complain about the food，he also refused to pay for it他不但抱怨食物，而且拒絕付帳。 Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender他不僅拒絕收禮，而且還嚴(yán)厲地批評了送禮人。 注意：只有當(dāng)Not onlybut also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but

43、also 僅連接兩個并列詞語，就不能用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Not only John but also Ben should have got a full mark in the exam. 不僅約翰，而且本也應(yīng)在此次考試中得到滿分。introduce在本句的意思是“引進(jìn),引入”(to bring in, especially for the first time)。如： Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America. 土豆是從南美引入歐洲的。 More advanced techniques have been introduc

44、ed for production since then 從那以后許多的先進(jìn)技術(shù)被引進(jìn)到生產(chǎn)之中。 詞語聯(lián)想 bring in也可表示“引進(jìn),引入”的意思。如： The government intended to bring in a new law to reduce pollution. 政府想引入一項(xiàng)新的法律來減少污染。 The influence of Europe has brought in many new fashions歐洲的影響帶來了許多新的時尚。 establish意思是“建立;創(chuàng)立;使開業(yè)”(start all organization)。如： As soon as

45、the country became independent，it established its own national bank. 這個國家剛剛獨(dú)立就建立了自己的國家銀行。 Most of the money is to be used to establish local industries. 許多錢用來建立地方工業(yè)。 詞語聯(lián)想 以下詞語也可表示“建立；創(chuàng)立，使開業(yè)”(start an organization)的意思。如：startstart up The family arrived herein 1922 and started up a chain of restaurant

46、s1922年這家人來到這里，開了連鎖飯店。 They intend to use the money to start their own business他們想用這筆錢開戧自己的事業(yè)。 open A new shopping mall has been opened on the east side of town. 在城東一家新的大型購物中心已經(jīng)開業(yè)。 Fifteen years ago Sally and her husband opened a small hotel on the edge of town. 15年前，薩利和她的丈夫在城邊開了一家小旅館。 set up Taylor

47、is now in the process of setting up a new marketing company called BMT. 泰勒正忙著建立一個新的名叫BMT的貿(mào)易公司。 Some of the people in our street ale setting up a neighborhood crime prevention committee. 我們街道的一些人正在建立一個社區(qū)預(yù)防犯罪的委員會。1. Choose the best answers1) Dont you think _necessary that he be sent to New York rather than Miami? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. this; that B. it; that C. this; what D. it; what2) So curious was he about wild plants that he decided _ a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. they will