1、高一英語人教課標(biāo)必修4unit4名詞性從句名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。也就是說名詞在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞执蠖伎梢杂霉焦磩澇鰜?，那么四種名詞性從句必須具備的基本公式：Subject Clause：Subject ClauseVObject Clause：Subject+V+Object ClausePredictive Clause：Subjectlink VPredictive ClauseAppositive Clause：Noun+Appositive Ciause一、主語從句（Subject Clause）主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主

2、語It代替，而本身放在句子末尾。公式：Subject Clause+V+ ItVSubject Clause如：Who he is Subject Clausedoesnt concern+ V. +me.It It+is V. a pity + that you didnt go to see the film.subject clause1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的類型，可以將主語從句的基本公式分解為：Subject ClauseVt.+ObjectSubject Clause+ViSubject Clause+link V. predictive2、用It作形式主語，將主語從句后置，是為了避免句子頭重

3、腳輕。（1）Itlink V.+nounSubject ClauseIt is a fact that he hasnt solved the problemIt is common knowledge that morning exercisesare good to your health（2）Itlink Vadjsubject clauseIt is immaterial where or when he goes It is probable that he told her everything3、主語從句必須后置的情況（1）It引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）ItVi（h

4、appenoccurseem）Subject clauseIt happened that the Smiths were out（3）Itbepast Participle（saidreportedbelieved）SubjectClauseIt is said that he has got married（4）Itdoesnt mattermakes no differencemakes nomatter+howwhe therifthatIt doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not（5）全句如是一般疑問句，主語從句不可提前l(fā)s it proba

5、ble that he will come today？subject clause（6）全句如是感嘆句，則必須用形式主語it。How strange it is that the children are so quiet！subject clause注意：（1）在口語和非正式文體中，主語從句后置時(shí)，that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that總是不必要的。如：Its a pity（that）youre leaving.但that從句位于句首時(shí)，連詞that是絕對(duì)不能省略的。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news

6、to us（2）it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別。it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，而且主語從句的連接詞有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)也可用who/Whom。而且將強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)It be（is/was）+that去掉，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分放在句中的相應(yīng)位置，句子將變得完整。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not（主語從句）It is in the morning that the murder took place（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）The murd

7、er took place in the morning二、賓語從句（Object clause）賓語從句即在句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語的從句，或某些作表語的形容詞（如glad happy，sure，certain，afraid，pleased等）后所帶的從句公式：SubjectvtObject ClauseSubject+link V.+adj+Object clausePrep+Object clause如：I cant understand why he was so lateIm glad that he is successfulI havent the least interest

8、 in what he is doing.She is sorry for what she said有時(shí)介詞可以省去。如We have solved the problem（of）who was at fault如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，賓語從句放在補(bǔ)足語之后?？梢越訌?fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有think，make，consider，find等。公式：SubjectvtitadjnObject clause如：He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.Object clause注意如下結(jié)構(gòu)用it替代其后的賓

9、語從句Subjectlikehatehearit Object clauseMr Smith hated it when his students were absent for no good reason.Object clause三、表語從句（Predictive clause）表語從句即在句中作表語的從句，常位于be，seem，look，appear，remain等系動(dòng)詞之后.公式：Subjectlink vpredictive clauseThe problem is who we can get to replace her.That is what he meant另外，常用的還

10、有The reason is thatIi is because如：The reason why he islate for school is that he missed the early bus四、同位語從句（Appositive clause）同位語從句即在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后面，用以說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容的從句，后常接同位語從句的名詞有：news，fact，ideapromise，answer，truth，belief，doubt，feat，hope，problem，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，condition等。公式n

11、ounAppositive ClauseThe kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.appositive clauseWhere did you get the idea that I could not come？Appositive clause同位語從句不一定總跟在抽象名詞之后，有時(shí)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句意的需要跟定語從句一樣被別的詞隔開。如HE got the news from Mary that the Sports meeting Was put off.noun App

12、ositive clause這個(gè)句子中that從句作the news的同位語從句，被介詞短語from Mary隔開。由于同位語從句與定語從句有相似之處，必須注意它們的區(qū)別：1、公式上：noun（抽象）+Appositive clause（定語從句）noun/pron.+Attributive clause（定語從句）2、同位語從句中的that是連接詞，只起連接主從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分；而定語從句中的that既可代替先行詞，同時(shí)可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語）。3、同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行解釋，補(bǔ)充說明；而定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定。a

13、、The news that he told me is that Mary would goabroad next year.（the news后that作told的直接賓語，故屬定語從句）。b、The news that Mary could go abroad is told by his friend（that后的句子是完整的，不缺少任何成分，that只起連接作用，屬同位語從句。）五、例題分析（1）After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，our astronauts desire to do is walk in space（2004，上海37）A、where B、what C、that D、how解析：根據(jù)公式法推斷our astronauts subject desire v. to do to+vt.subject clause is link v. walk in space predictivesubject clause可見，系動(dòng)詞is前缺少主語，而前面是一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此句應(yīng)該是考查主語從句的用法，并且從句中缺少及物動(dòng)詞do的賓語，只能由連接代詞what充當(dāng)，選B（2）There is a popular belief among peop