1、ChinasArctic 中The 民e CouncilInformation Officeofthe 20181January2018TheArcticSituationandRecentChinasArctic 中The 民e CouncilInformation Officeofthe 20181January2018TheArcticSituationandRecentChinaand theChinasPolicyGoalsandBasicPrinciplesontheIV.ChinasPoliciesitionsonParticipatinginArcticGlobalwarmin

2、ginrecentyearshasacceleratedthemeltingoficeandsnowtheArcticregion.Aseconomicglobalizationandegrationdevelopsanddeepens,theArcticisgainingglobalsignificanceforitsrising strategic, economic values and those relating to scientific research,environmentalprotection,sages,andnatural.The situationnowgoesbe

3、yond itser-Arcticesorregionalhavinga vitalbearing on erests of esoutsidetheregionanderests ofernationalcommunityasawhole, aswellasonthe thedevelopment,andthe shared futureforind.It isan ewithimplicationsernational府Aionfor thedevelopmentofacommunitysharedfuturemind,Chinaisanactiveparticipant,buildera

4、ndcontributor inArcticwhohassparednoeffortstocontributeitswisdomtothedevelopment ofArctic region.The ernmentherebyAionfor thedevelopmentofacommunitysharedfuturemind,Chinaisanactiveparticipant,builderandcontributor inArcticwhohassparednoeffortstocontributeitswisdomtothedevelopment ofArctic region.The

5、 ernmentherebyes thiswhite r,expound itsitionsonArcticirs,toelaborate onitspolicybasicprinciplesandmajor policiesitionsregardinggagement Arctic irs,toguiderelevanternmentdepartmentsinstitutionsinArctic-relatedactivitiesandcooperation,toencouragepartiestogetbetter involvedinernance,andtoworkwithernat

6、ionalcommunitytosafeguardandpromotepeaceandstabilityin,and the sustainable development of, the Arctic.I.TheArcticSituationand Recent理上的北極通常指北極圈（6634分2100The Arcticissituated ata lgeographicallocation.ItcommonlyreferstheareaoflandandseanorthoftheArcticCircle(approxima 34 minutes N), totaling about 21

7、 million square kilometers.y66degrees he context ofernationallaw,theArcticincludesthenorthernmostlandmassesofAsia and mericaadjacenttotheArcticOcean andthe relevantandacombinationofseaareaswithinnationaljurisdiction,highseas,and ArcticaheArcticOcean.Thereisnosinglecomprehensivetreatyforall irs. The

8、Charter of the United Nations, the United NationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(UNCLOS),the Spitsbergen Treatyother treatiesandernationalern Arctic irs at800于1200Thecontinentalandinsularlandhe Arcticcoveran area of8millionsquarekilometers,withsovereigntyoverthembelongingtoDenmark,Finland,Iceland,Norway,

9、Russia,SwedenandtheUnitedrespectively.TheArcticOcean coversanareaof n12 million kilometers,inwhichcoastalesand otheressharemaritime rights erests inaccordance ernationallaw.Thesecoastales heir ernalwaters,territorialseas,contiguousexclusive economiczones,andcontinental he Arctic Certainareas oftheAr

10、ctic Ocean form part ofthe high seas andthe Ses fromoutsidethe Arcticregiondo veterritorialArctic,buttheydohave rightsinSes fromoutsidethe Arcticregiondo veterritorialArctic,buttheydohave rightsinrespect of scientificresearch, overflight,fishing,layingofsubmarine cablesandhehighandotherrelevantseahe

11、Arctic Ocean, andrights toexplorationand heArea,pursuanttochasand ernationallaw.Inaddition,ContractingPartiestoSpitsbergenTreatyenjoythelibertyofsandentry tocertainareastheArctic,therightunderconditionsofequalityand,inaccordance withlaw, to the exercise and practice of scientific research, productio

12、n and commerlch ting,fishing,and hese 30能TheArcticboastsauniquenaturalenvironmentandrich, withofitsseaarea coveredunderthickicefor mostof the year.The Arcticenvironmentisnowundergoingchanges.Overthepastthreetemperaturehasbeenrising heArctic,resultinginsea ice in summer.Scientists tbythe middleofthis

13、centuryor r, theremay be no heArctic Oceanfor partofthe year. Ononehand,meltingheArctichasledtohe environment,siblycanresultinacceleratedglobalwarming,risinglevels,increasedextremeweatherevents,damagedbiodiversity,andother global problems. On the other, with the ice melted, conditions for the develo

14、pmentoftheArcticmaybegraduallychanged,offeringopportunitiesfor the commer region.Commerluseofsearoutesand developmentof l heregionwillhaveconsiderableimpactglobal ,ernationaltradeandenergysupply,bringaboutlandeconomicchanges,andexertimportantinfluenceonthewayworkandlifeofArcticresidents includingthe

15、indigenouspeoples.TheyeapotentialthreattotheecologicalenvironmentoftheArctic.ernationalcommunitythesamethreatandsharesthesamefuture addressingglobal esconcerningtheII.China and the 北極事務(wù)的重要利益攸關(guān)方。中國(guó)在地緣上是“近北極國(guó)家”Chinaisanimportantstakeholder inArcticirs.Geographically,Chinais“Near-Arctic e”,one oftheern

16、ationalcommunitythesamethreatandsharesthesamefuture addressingglobal esconcerningtheII.China and the 北極事務(wù)的重要利益攸關(guān)方。中國(guó)在地緣上是“近北極國(guó)家”Chinaisanimportantstakeholder inArcticirs.Geographically,Chinais“Near-Arctic e”,one ofthe continental t are closestto the Circle.Thenaturalconditions oftheArcticandtheir ch

17、anges haveaimpactonChinasclimatesystemandecologicalenvironment,urn,its economicerestsinagriculture,forestry,fishery,marineindustryand other sectors.China isalso closelyhetrans-regionalandglobalArctic, llyinsuchareasasclimatechange,environment, research,utilizationof routes,resourceexplorationandsecu

18、rity,andernance.These esare vitaltothe existence developmentofallcountriesandhumanity,anddirectlyaffecterestsnon-Arctic esincludingChina.Chinaenjoysthefreedomorrightsscientificresearch,navigation,overflight,fishing,layingofsubmarine andpipelines,andresource explorationand hehighseas,Areaandotherrele

19、vantseaareas,andcertainlheOcean, as ch asthe UNCLOSand the Treaty,and ernationallaw.rmanentmember ofthe SecurityCouncil,Chinashoulderstheimportantof ly peace andhe Arctic.Theutilization of searoutesand anddevelopmentof theheArcticmayhaveahuge impacttheenergystrategyandeconomicdevelopment ofChina,whi

20、chisatradingnationandenergyheworld.Chinascapital,market,knowledgeandexperience isexpectedtoplayamajorroleexpanding thenetworkofheArcticand ing economicand lprogressofthecoastales alongthe routes. has erestsrctic es andashared futurewith therest ofhe 中國(guó)參與北極事務(wù)由來(lái)已久。1925年，中國(guó)加入斯匹次卑爾根群島條約，斷增加，活動(dòng)不斷擴(kuò)展，合作不斷深

21、化。1996年，中國(guó)成為國(guó)際北極科學(xué)委員1999“雪龍”，成功進(jìn)行了多次北極科。2004年，中國(guó)在斯匹次卑爾根群的新奧爾松地區(qū)建成“中國(guó)北站”。截至2017年年底，中國(guó)在北極地區(qū)成功開展了八次北冰洋科和14個(gè)年度站觀測(cè)體系。2005周活動(dòng)，開亞洲國(guó)家承辦之先河。2013has erestsrctic es andashared futurewith therest ofhe 中國(guó)參與北極事務(wù)由來(lái)已久。1925年，中國(guó)加入斯匹次卑爾根群島條約，斷增加，活動(dòng)不斷擴(kuò)展，合作不斷深化。1996年，中國(guó)成為國(guó)際北極科學(xué)委員1999“雪龍”，成功進(jìn)行了多次北極科。2004年，中國(guó)在斯匹次卑爾根群的新奧爾松

22、地區(qū)建成“中國(guó)北站”。截至2017年年底，中國(guó)在北極地區(qū)成功開展了八次北冰洋科和14個(gè)年度站觀測(cè)體系。2005周活動(dòng)，開亞洲國(guó)家承辦之先河。2013年，中國(guó)成為北極理事會(huì)正式觀察員。近治理機(jī)制的構(gòu)建發(fā)揮了積極作用。中國(guó)發(fā)起共建“”和“21”Chinahaslongbeeninvolved inArcticirs.In1925,China joinedSpitsbergenTreatyandstarted toparticipateinaddressing theArcticSince then, Chinahasexertedmorehe exploration ofthe expanding

23、thescopeofactivities,gainingmoreexperience andcooperationwitharticipants.ChinasArcticScienceCommittee in1996marked itsmore activeparticipation scientific heArctic.Since1999,Chinaanizedanumberof Xue Long (Snowscientific heArctic,withitsresearchDragon)astheplatform. In2004,Chinabuiltthe ArcticYellowRi

24、ver ion Ny heSpitsbergenArchipelago.of2017, Chinacarried outeightscientificheArctic Ocean,and researchfor14 years with theYellowRiver ionasthebase.Usingresearchandionsasplatforms,Chinahasgraduallyestablishedmulti-discipline observation system covering the sea, ice and snow, atmosphere,biological,and

25、geologicalsystemoftheArctic.Theyear2005sawChina asAsian countrytohosttheArcticahigh-levelconferenceonArcticirs.In2013,Chinabecameaccreditedobserver totheArcticCouncil.Inrecent years,havebeguntoexplorethelopportunitiestedroutes.heArctichavegonebeyondscientificresearch, ando diverseareasofArctic irsth

26、e platforms ofernance,regionalcooperation,andbilateralmultilateralirs,andsuchdisciplinesasscientificresearch, environment,climatechange,economicdevelopment,andexchanges. Asanimportantmember ofernationalcommunity,hasplayed aconstructive heformulationofArctic-rulesandthe development ofystem.The Silk E

27、conomic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road Initiative),animportantcooperationinitiativeofChina,willbringopportunitiesfor partieshasplayed aconstructive heformulationofArctic-rulesandthe development ofystem.The Silk Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (Belt

28、and Road Initiative),animportantcooperationinitiativeofChina,willbringopportunitiesfor partiesconcernedto lybuilda“PolarSilkRoad”,andeconnectivityandsustainableeconomicandldevelopment oftheIII.ChinasPolicyGoalsandBasicPrinciplesontheChinaspolicygoalsontheArcticare:tounderstand,protect,developernance

29、 ofthe Arctic, soasto safeguardthe erestsofallcountries andernationalhe Arctic,promotesustainabledevelopmentoftheTounderstandtheArctic,Chinawillimprovethecapacityandcapabilityin scientific research on the Arctic, pursue a deeper understanding and knowledge of the Arctic science, and explore the natu

30、ral laws behind itschangesanddevelopment,soastocreatefavorableconditionsforto rotect,develop,erntheToprotecttheArctic,Chinawillactivelyrespond toclimateArctic,protectitsuniquenaturalenvironmentandecologicalsystem,promote its own climatic, environmental and ecological resince, and respect itsdiverse

31、lcultureandthehistoricaltraditionsoftheindigenousTo develop the Arctic, China will improve the capacity and capability in using app d Arctictechnology,strengthen technologicalinnovation,protection,resourceutilization,anddevelopmentofArctic,and contributeto theeconomic and ldevelopment oftheimproveth

32、elivingconditionsofthelocalpeopleandstriveforcommon To ernance oftheArctic,Chinawillparticipate regulatingandmanaging theirsandactivitiesrelatingtotheArcticonbasis of rulesandernationally,Chinaiscommittedtoexisting frameworkernationallawincludingtheTo ernance oftheArctic,Chinawillparticipate regulat

33、ingandmanaging theirsandactivitiesrelatingtotheArcticonbasis of rulesandernationally,Chinaiscommittedtoexisting frameworkernationallawincludingtheUNCharter,treatiesonclimatechangeandtheenvironment, andrelevantrulesofernationalanization,andtoaddressingvarioustraditionalnon-traditionalsecuritythreatst

34、hroughglobal,regional,multilateralbilateralmechanisms,andtobuildingandainingajust,reasonableanizedystem.Domestically,ChinawillandmanageArctic-relatedirsandactivitieswithinitsjurisdictionaccordancewiththelaw,steadilyenhanceitsabilitytounderstand, anddeveloptheArctic,andactivelyparticipateernationalco

35、operationArctic Throughalltheaboveeffortstounderstand,protect,developandernanceoftheArctic,Chinawillworkllothercountriesto a community wi pursuingitsownsharedfuture forheArcticregion. erests, Chinawillpaydueregardto erestsofother ind thecountries and theernationalcommunity,importance oftheprotection

36、anddevelopmentoftheArctic,andofng properbalanceitscurrentandlong-term sustainable development of the Arctic.erests,soastopromote Inordertorealize theabove-mentionedpolicygoals,Chinawillparticipate Arctic irsinaccordance withthebasicprinciplesof“respect, win-winresultand“Respect” isthekeybasis forChi

37、nasparticipation in Arcticirs. should bereciprocal. Itmeansallesshouldabide ernationalsuch asthe UNCharter andthe UNCLOS,aswellaslaw.Theyshouldrespectthesovereignty,sovereignrights,andenjoyedbytheArctichisregion,respectthetraditionandculturetheindigenouspeoples, aswellasrespect therightsandfreedomof

38、Arctic es to carry outhisregioninaccordance withtheand respect theerestsof ernationalhe “Cooperation” isaneffectivemeansforChinasparticipationinArcticirs. meansestablishingarelationshipofmulti-level,omni-aland Arctic es to carry outhisregioninaccordance withtheand respect theerestsof ernationalhe “C

39、ooperation” isaneffectivemeansforChinasparticipationinArcticirs. meansestablishingarelationshipofmulti-level,omni-aland ranging hisarea.Throughglobal,regional,multilateralbilateralchannels,allstakeholdersincludingesfrom both inside outside theanizations,andnon-eentitiesareencouraged totakepartincoop

40、eration onclimatechange, research,environmentalprotection,ship utilization and cultural activities.routedevelopment,?！癢in-winresult” isthevalue pursuitofChinasparticipation in Arcticirs. means allhisarea shouldpursue mutualbenefitandprogressinallfieldsofactivities. Suchcooperation shouldtbenefitsare

41、 shared byrcticandnon-Arcticesas wellas byse entities,and modateerests oflocal includingtheindigenouspeoples.Itshouldalsohelptopromotedevelopment ofactivitiesinallfieldstoensurethe harmonynconservation and l “Sustainability” is the fundamental goal of Chinas participation in Arcticairs.Thismeansprom

42、oting thesustainabledevelopment oftheArcticensuringthesustainabilityofenvironmentalprotection,resourceandhuman hearea.Itmeansrealizingharmoniousnmanandnature,bettercoordinationnecologicaleconomicnd lprogress,betterbalancen managementandprotection, ergenerationalIV.ChinasPoliciesitionsonParticipating

43、inArcticWhen participating inArcticirs,Chinaprioritizesscientificunderscorestheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection,rationalernanceernationalcooperation,andcommitsitselfaceful,secureandstableArctic（一）DeepeningtheexplorationandunderstandingoftheThe Arctic holds great value for scientific research. To

44、explore and understand theArcticservesasthepriorityandfocusforChinainernanceernationalcooperation,andcommitsitselfaceful,secureandstableArctic（一）DeepeningtheexplorationandunderstandingoftheThe Arctic holds great value for scientific research. To explore and understand theArcticservesasthepriorityand

45、focusforChinainitsArctic 多領(lǐng)域的連續(xù)觀測(cè)。中國(guó)致力于提高北極科和研究的能力建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)并Chinaactivelypromotesscientificexpeditionandhe Arctic. respectsthe Arcticesexclusivejurisdictionoverresearchactivitiestheirnationaljurisdiction,tscientificresearchinareasunder jurisdictionofArcticesshouldbecarriedoutthroughcooperation accordanc

46、e withthelaw,andt alleshavethe freedomscientificresearch onthe high seasof theArcticOcean.China ulti-disciplinaryresearchincludingArcticgeology,geography,andsnow,hydrology,meteorology,seaice,biology,ecology,geophysicsmarinechemistry.Itactivelyonitoringandassessingclimatic and environmental changes,a

47、nd carries out multi-level and multi- continuousobservationofatmosphere,sea,seaice,glaciers,soil,bio-ecologicalcharacterandenvironmentalqualitythroughtheestablishment of multi-element Arctic observation system, construction of cooperativeresearch(observation) ions,anddevelopment ofandArcticobservati

48、onnetwork.ChinaiscommittedtoimprovingitscapacityArcticexpeditionandresearch,strengtheningtheconstruction,andfunctionsofresearch ions,sandothersupportingplatformstheArctic,andpromoting thebuildingoficebreakersforscientific學(xué)研究的協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。加強(qiáng)北培養(yǎng)和科普教育，支持高校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)培，等Chinasupports andencouragesresearch he Arctic b

49、y increasing investment in scientific research, building modernized research platforms,andimprovingthecapacityin,andlevelof,researchontheArctic.Itismaking agreatereffortto advance等Chinasupports andencouragesresearch he Arctic by increasing investment in scientific research, building modernized resea

50、rch platforms,andimprovingthecapacityin,andlevelof,researchontheArctic.Itismaking agreatereffortto advance he fieldsof science, climate change and ecological environment, accelerate the development of basic subjectchasphysics,chemistry,lifescienceandearthscience,strengthenlscienceresearchincludingAr

51、cticeconomy,law,society,history,cultureandmanagementofArcticandpromote innovationinbothnaturalandl . It isalsoto neltrainingandpublicawarenessoftheArctic,higherlearningandresearchinstitutionstotrainals lizednaturaland l ontheArctic,buildsciencepopularizationeducation centers,andpublishculturalproduc

52、tsontheArctictopublicknowledge. Itactivelyernationalcooperationonresearch, pushesforan openand ernationalmonitoringoftheArcticenvironment,supportspragmaticcooperationthroughsuch as ernationalArcticScienceCommittee,encouragesscientiststo carry ernationalacademicexchangesandcooperationthe Arctic, ande

53、ncourages higherlearningandresearchto henetworkof the University ofthe The availability of technical equipment is essential to understanding, utilizing andprotectingtheArctic.Chinaencouragesthedevelopmentofenvironment-friendlypolartechnicalequipment,activelyhebuildinginfrastructure for Arcticdevelop

54、ment, pushes for the upgrade ofequipment in thefieldsofdeepseaexploration, icezoneprospecting,andatmosphere and biologyobservation,and promotestechnologyinnovation inArcticoilanddrilling andion,renewableenergydevelopment,navigationmonitoringinicezones,andconstructionofnew-type（二）Protectingtheeco-env

55、ironmentoftheArcticandaddressing climate。Chinaernationalheprotection ofthenaturalandecosystem oftheArcticandconservationofitsbiological, takesanactivepartinaddressingthechallengesofenvironmentalclimatechange he(1)ProtectingtheChinaalwaysgivestakesanactivepartinaddressingthechallengesofenvironmentalc

56、limatechange he(1)ProtectingtheChinaalwaysgivestopprioritytoresolvingglobalenvironmentalearnestlyfulfillsitsobligationsunderrelevanttreaties,anddischargesresponsibilityofenvironmentalprotection.Chinaivelyengaged improvingtheArcticenvironmentbyenhancingtheenvironmentalbackground investigation of Arct

57、ic activities and the assessment of their environmental impact. It respects the environmental protection laws and regulations of theArctic esandcallsforstrongerenvironmentalmanagementThemarineenvironment isakeyareaforArcticenvironmentalChinasupports theArcticcoastalheireffortstoreducepollutants theA

58、rcticwatersfromland-based , inaccordance with thetreaties,andcommitsitselftoraisingtheenvironmentalawarenessof itscitizens and rises.Inorder toeffectivelyprotect marineenvironmentofthe Arctic,China workswith other es to controlofthe ofmarinepollutionsuchasshipdischarge, ,andair 2(2)ProtectingtheEco-

59、TheArcticishometoseveralendangeredspeciesofwildfaunaandflorafrom around the globe. China attaches importance to the sustainable development and biodiversity protectionof the Arctic.It conducts scientific evaluation of the impact on the Arctic ecological system caused by global climate change andhuma

60、nactivities,strengthensprotectionofmigratorybirdsandtheirhabi anizes research on the migration patterns of Arctic migratory birds,improvestheadaptabilityandnceoftheArcticecologicalsystem,andflora.ernationalheprotection ofArcticspecies3(3)Addressing climate“Addressingclimate heArcticisanimportantpart