1、 / 17y declarorrning my declarorrning mtreatment of passengers with disabilities, she says. The American Medical Association (AMA) recenta disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and iss

2、ued a ?one-person, one-fare ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ?clinically obese and who cannot fit into a single seat.【范文】With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve theconflict b

3、etween airlines needs and passenger rights, many airlines have asked overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more.A good story encourages us to tur

4、n the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens nex and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us feel that we are

5、 part of the story, too. Just like in our real lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have simi problems./Because of this natural empathy with the characters, our brains process the reading of stories diffe

6、rently from the way we read factual information. Our brains dont always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become alive to us. What they say and do is therefor more meaningful. This is why the words and structures that relate a storys events, desc

7、riptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to rel

8、ate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word history contains the word story this is not a coincidence!)/Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but m

9、emorable. /Possible Version:An interesting story motivates/inspires us to read continuously, for it reflects our real lives. Ignoring the unreal factors, we usually feel empathy with the characters and think a lot about the words and structures related to the story. People all over the world have em

10、ployed/ used storytelling to obtain knowledge and make children s language leaimpressive. (57words)小結(jié)：議論文：掌握語篇的論點(diǎn)及相關(guān)論據(jù)；推斷論點(diǎn)或論據(jù)中關(guān)鍵詞句的隱含意思；在口頭或書面表達(dá)中提出論點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼摀?jù)支撐論點(diǎn)，為了讓讀者接受其觀點(diǎn)，需要找到主要信息：觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容以及如何論證掌握寫作特點(diǎn)和框架：opinion/idea + argument( supporting ideas/reasons)說明文：寫說明文概述的步驟：確定主題句。確定閱讀文章的主題句，一般在段首。沒有主題句的需要自

11、己組合。2)尋找關(guān)鍵詞。分析主題句意義，確定關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞一般體現(xiàn)為名詞、形容詞，關(guān)鍵詞的數(shù)目決定了概括的信息濃度。3)重構(gòu)主題句。概括的主題句邏輯上要統(tǒng)攝后面所有的支撐句?？梢詮淖髡叩膶懽髂康哪嫱?，反映寫作目的主題句是高度抽象的，它基本決定了概括的質(zhì)量。4)重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，可以是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)?？谠E：簡括為：縮長見短，省卻細(xì)膩。(括：概括性。見：間接引語。短：短的連詞。細(xì)膩：細(xì)節(jié)和例子)寫說明文概述要注意的事項(xiàng)：不能摘抄原文句子, 要用自己的語言“重組”主要內(nèi)容；只保留主要觀點(diǎn)，不要細(xì)節(jié)；不要發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)；不要把列舉、描繪性語言當(dāng)成概述性語言；一般用第三

12、人稱轉(zhuǎn)述；概述不要太寬泛，缺乏針對性，也不要只針對原文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，概述得太狹窄；注意段中句子的銜接, 切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子；保證無語法錯(cuò)誤;說明文Summary 的教學(xué)步驟第一步 通讀全文, 領(lǐng)略大意。通常summary 的開頭都有一些常用的句子，學(xué)生可以積累用。第二步小結(jié)每一段的大意。用最簡練的文字把文章每段的主要內(nèi)容概括出即可。第三步根據(jù)每一段的大意以及作者的側(cè)重點(diǎn), 不要加入自己的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，綜合歸納全文的大意。對于說明性或描述性的短文，可以用概括性文字說明某一現(xiàn)象。比如可概括如下：This article points out the common phenomenon ,例

13、題精講高三一模說明文崇明區(qū)Gene Therapy We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes, said James Watson. Watson is a molecular ( 分子的 ) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing

14、the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective （有缺陷的） cells to prevent or cure disease. While muchof the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease wi

15、th gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the chi

16、ldren given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene ther

17、apy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as it

18、s treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.【答案】松江區(qū)Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an o

19、nline server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first

20、in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will be

21、tter prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But- beooks can be uploaded

22、 onto a blank laptop in a few hours.hat maCost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but there are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they re buying the instructional material.hat mamore and more districts move towar

23、d e-books.Today students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers. It h arsd er for people who are right around my age and older. s aid Ms. Cooley, 36. I lamp top -savvy,

24、 so I was ready for it, but those that aren t are a little worrying.【答案】小結(jié)：1. 說明文：掌握舉例、分類、比較等各種說明方法；在口頭或書面表達(dá)中運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f明方法進(jìn)行介紹或描述為了解釋一個(gè)理論或一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)等；需要找到主要信息：理論-創(chuàng)新之處和實(shí)際用途；實(shí)驗(yàn)-目的、過程、對象掌握寫作特點(diǎn)和框架：phenomenon/problem + reason + solution (cause and effect),introduction of an object (how it is made,how it is used,ho

25、w it may change,what makes it new or significant)議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論, 因此寫議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句?？偨Y(jié)：一解題技巧長句壓縮詞組稱王概括優(yōu)先最短連詞可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though， 不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other

26、 hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果二寫作原則內(nèi)容必須忠于原文，不能有任何個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容須涵蓋文中所有主要信息，非主要信息不能寫入文中不能照抄原文句子，即需要用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容(核心概念除外)句與句之間需注意銜接三實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練A)說明文With global warming and melting ice, it isn t easy being a polar bear anymore. Some studies have predicted tpolar bears could die out by the end of the century. The goo

27、d news is not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing. Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.To understand the reason for the researcherstim ismca,

28、 uwteio musu ostp first understand the factors that arethreatening the polar bear s existence. Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals. In order to hunt these seals, polabears need to rest at the top of sea icethe same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate

29、change. In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren t completely out of the que

30、stion. Fbiologists have tailed after the animals, they ve seen polar bears eating animals found on馴鹿 land) alinkde scnaoribwo u(geeseas well as the snow geese s eggs.Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time? To figure this out, researchers calculat

31、ed the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide. They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than 來源網(wǎng)科學(xué):t*hey would burn in hunting these meals. Moreover, the food would provide the food Z.nXKecessary to avoid starvation during the summer month

32、s.Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land. That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation. They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes

33、second nature.考點(diǎn)：應(yīng)用文寫作( B)說明文Could fast food make it harder to stop and smell the roses?A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell theroses. Researchers pointed out that Americans have gained more and more leisure time, yet they arent an

34、y happier. Theproblem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small momentsof joy.To test the theory, the University of Toronto out a few carried out three different tests focused on happiness and quintessentially American symbols of the cultur

35、e of impatience and happiness.In one of the tests, researchers told 257 people to rate pictures based on whether they were suitable for ads.Participants saw a series of pictures: One group saw fast food in regular packaging while the other group saw the samefood set out on ceramic Tableware. Afterwa

36、rd, some of the participants were shown photographs ofand then were asked to rate their happiness. Others rated their happiness without seeing the pictures. They found thatpeople who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photos tended to rate their happiness lower. Yet those who simplyrated th

37、eir happiness without seeing the nature shots beforehand were actually slightly happier if theyability toahead of time. Researchers said that suggests fast food doesn t directly cause unhappiness but hampers theability tothings.Researchers cautioned, however, that much more research was needed to de

38、termine exactly how fast food and happiness are correlated and how strong the relationship really is.【答案】Office GossipDo you take part in office gossip? I dont like to think of myself as a gossip, but I have to admit I often do it In my turbulent industry ， I justify my behavior -perhaps wrongly -by

39、 reasoning that gossip helps me get information and figure out what is going on.Amid a rise in office gossip ， researchers are disagreeing over whether it is fundamentally good or bad. Some defend it as a way of building bonds among people and sharing essential information. But others hold that offi

40、ce gossip can be savage and destructive, as the New York Times reports. At one company, PrintingForL, which has a strictno-gossip policy, gossiping about colleagues can become a firing offense.In one case analyzed in a scholarly journal, middle school teachers gossip about their principal became so

41、poisonous that the principal retaliated, many teachers fled the schoo1 and students test scores declined. In this case, gossip amounted to a form of warfare that brought everyone down.On the other hand, less malignant gossip that stops short of repeating lies or breaching confidences can serve as a

42、source of understanding, Gossip helps us analyze the motivations of other people, and enables those low on the food chain, in particular, to understand how power is used in their organizations, says this New York Times article. It is relaxing, it brings people together, and as a pastime it beats gam

43、bling, drinking or doing drugs ， this reasoning holds.For me, I have seen gossip help co-workers in some places where I have worked, giving rise to compassion （ 同情 ） or offers of support when someone is going through hard times. On the other hand, I have also seen gossip over an office romance, for

44、example, distract people from the work and even force unwanted transfers.Whatever side you take, gossip is here to stay. It is universal human practice and it is too complex to say it is either good or bad, a University of Colorado researcher says.The Key:B)New Solution to Computer Theft Get your ha

45、nds off me, I have been stolen,the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new sol Get your hands off me, I have been stolen,the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solion to lcomputer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.The pr

46、ogram allows users to display alerts on the missing computer ssc reen and even to set a spoken message.Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.Owners must report their la

47、ptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow lost or stolen sign appears on its screen when it is started. Under the lates（版本）t version of the software, users can also send a spoken message.The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how

48、 many times the thief closes it.a message saying, You are being tracked. I am right at your door , said Catrirvie oHfatfheemcaonm, cphaineyf ewhich produces the program, Retriever.In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. For example, the laptop s speakersis reported lost or stolen. If

49、 you are not my owner, report me now.The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs .Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.If a th

50、ief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.The Key:（ C）The Crucial Role of Early Childhood EnvironmentThe environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form rela

51、tionships, effectiveness in work or play even our health. In addition, the early childhood group environment has a very crucial role in children for two important reasons.xecuill say:s leFirst, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more

52、synapses or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used are pruned away. Children exsp eriences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house stating, a lack of the right materials ca