1、二輪復(fù)習(xí)（六）詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（構(gòu)詞法）英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成、轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。合成是指將兩個(gè)意思不同的單詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞；轉(zhuǎn)化是指一個(gè)單詞的詞形不變而由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性；派生是指通過(guò)給一個(gè)單詞加前綴或后綴變成另一個(gè)詞。前綴一般改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性，后綴一般改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義。將構(gòu)詞法置于此處講解，一是對(duì)前面基礎(chǔ)詞法的匯總，二是為攻克后面的重難動(dòng)詞做鋪墊。動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞全析考法單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)（2018全國(guó)卷n）Thisswitchhasdecreased（pollute）inthecountrysmajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwa

2、tersaferforpeople.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，減少”，為及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填名詞pollution。（20186月浙江高考）Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein（weigh）problems.解析：weight根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示體重方面的問(wèn)題，故此處填名詞作定語(yǔ)。（2017全國(guó)卷ni）Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher（educate）.解析：educatio

3、n前面有形容詞性物主代詞her,此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語(yǔ)。（2016全國(guó)卷I）Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asiasbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop（attract）.解析：attraction此處作表語(yǔ)且前面由itstop修飾，應(yīng)該用attract的名詞形式attraction,意為“吸引人之物，誘惑物”。（2016全國(guó)卷ni）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChineseschola

4、rConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe（develop）ofchopsticks.解析：development根據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需填develop的名詞形式development。（2016全國(guó)卷I）Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.解析：honest-honesty根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用名詞形式。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則1.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ion/-tion/sion/-ationcorrect-correction改正celebrate

5、-celebration慶祝；慶祝會(huì)attract-attraction吸引conclude-conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss-discussion討論；辯論decide-decision決定admitfadmission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)invitefinvitation邀請(qǐng)explainfexplanation解釋graduatefgraduation畢業(yè)expectfexpectation期望er/-ordrivefdriver司機(jī)；駕駛員gatherfgatherer收集者；采集者teachfteacher老師announcefannouncer廣播員conductfcondu

6、ctor指揮；售票員mentpunishfpunishment懲罰achievefachievement功績(jī)；成就arguefargument辯論；論據(jù)treatftreatment對(duì)待；治療equipfequipment裝備；設(shè)備governfgovernment政府-ance/enceappearfappearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guidefguidance指引；指導(dǎo)performfperformance表演；節(jié)目existfexistence存在；生存preferfpreference偏愛(ài)referfreference參考；查閱inghearfhearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)beginfbeginning開始ure/-turefailffailure失敗；倒閉pressfpressure壓力departfdeparture離開；出發(fā)mixfmixture混合；混合物yrecoverfrecovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discoverfdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choosefchoice選擇varyfvariety多樣化；種類tendftendency趨向；趨勢(shì)不足；短缺效率；功效自由；自主不足；短缺效率；功效自由；自主ageshortfshortagecyeff