1、高考英語介詞和連詞介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞和代詞等搭配，才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或可以替代名詞的詞（如：動(dòng)名詞v-ing）。介詞后的代詞永遠(yuǎn)為賓格形式。連詞在句中的作用是把詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子連接起來。它不能在句中單獨(dú)作句子成分。高考重點(diǎn)要求：1、介詞的含義及在句中的作用。2、介詞+賓語構(gòu)成短語的作用。3、介詞短語在句子中的功能的理解。4、并列連接詞和從屬連接詞的使用和區(qū)別。第一節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述童介詞）表示時(shí)間的介詞表示時(shí)間段的介詞

2、1）in,afterin+時(shí)間段，表示從現(xiàn)在起往后推算一段時(shí)間after+時(shí)間段，表示過去某時(shí)間往后推算一段時(shí)間，如:Hellcomebackintwodays.但鐘點(diǎn)用after(afterthreeoclock)HeleftonJuly2andreturnedafterthreedays.2)in,during表示在一段特指的時(shí)間內(nèi)，可用in或duringTheworkwasdonein/duringtheholidays.表示年份、月份、季節(jié)用in,如:in1999,inJune,inwinter3)forthepast+時(shí)間段,during表示在最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成

3、時(shí)IhavebeeninShanghaiinthelastfewyears.(4)for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間IllstudyintheU.Sfortwoyears.IvewaitedforBingoforhalfanhour.表示某一時(shí)間的介詞(1)at,onat表示某一時(shí)刻，on表示某一天或日期,如:at7:14,onSaturdaymorningonthenightofMay2一天內(nèi)各段時(shí)間表達(dá),須選用正確的介詞，請(qǐng)比較：inthemorningonawinter/snow/cold/morningatnightonthenightofMarch7intheeveningonFridayeve

4、ning(2)before,bybefore表示某一時(shí)間之前，而by表示到某一時(shí)間止，句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:Youmustgetupbeforesix.Youmustgetupbeforesix.你必須六點(diǎn)之前起床。Bytheendoflastmonththeboyhadgot4“As”.到上月底這個(gè)男孩已得了4個(gè)A.（3）after,sinceafter可以表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后，通常和一般過去時(shí)連用，而since表示從過去某時(shí)間開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，如；MyfatherlivedinShanghaiafterliberation.解放后我父親住在上海.Sinc

5、etheendoflastyeartheladyhasgivenfiveconcerts.自去年年底以來，這位女士開了五場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)。（4）fromto,until/tillfrom-to表示從某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一段時(shí)間，而until或till表示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間。如：MymotherstudiedinBeijingUniversityfrom1960to1964.從1960年到1964年我媽媽在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。MymotherenteredBeijingUniversityin1960,andstudiedthereuntil1964.我媽媽1960年進(jìn)入北京大學(xué)，一直學(xué)習(xí)到196

6、4年。不用介詞表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組含this,that,last,next等表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,以及某些時(shí)間的副詞或名詞詞組前不用介詞,如：thisyear，lastsummer,yesterday,thedayaftertomorrow等。表示事物位置的介詞at,in當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞at。而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in,如Wellmeetatthesupermarket.我們?cè)诔幸娒鍵hadtostayinthesupermarketasitwasraininghard.因?yàn)橄麓笥辏抑缓么粼诔欣?動(dòng)詞arrive后接at,表示較小的地方，如：車站、村莊等；后接in表示較大

7、地方，如:城市,地區(qū)等。in,to如：in表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，如：in表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，to表示事物相對(duì)區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置，ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)東部ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)東部JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)東面。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)東面。內(nèi)。infrontof表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi)，inthefrontof內(nèi)。infrontof表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi)，inthefrontof表示在前部，在同一范圍af

8、ter,behindHeenteredtheclassroomaftertheteacherafter指順序先后,behind指位置在某事物之后，相對(duì)于infrontof而言,如：Theboywatchedthebuses,Theboywatchedthebuses,carsandbikesoutfromthewindow.HehidhimselfbehindthedoorHehidhimselfbehindthedoor他躲在門后。ShewentoutoftheofficeinahurryShewentoutoftheofficeinahurry她匆匆走出辦公室。4）on,inon表示“在某

9、物表面上”。如將物看作空間，表示在其內(nèi)部，用介詞in。OnThereisamodernpaintingonthewall.墻上有一畐Q4）on,inon表示“在某物表面上”。如將物看作空間，表示在其內(nèi)部，用介詞in。OnThereisamodernpaintingonthewall.墻上有一畐Q現(xiàn)代油畫。（指掛在墻上）Thereisamodernpaintinginthewall.墻上有一副現(xiàn)代油畫。（指畫在墻上）5）from,off都表示“離開”6UnderoOnBelow6)above,over,below,underover,under表示垂直的上下關(guān)系，而above,below僅表示位

10、置上“高于”或“低于”,不表示垂直關(guān)系。（7）between,amongbetween表示“兩個(gè)事物之間”among表示“三者以上的事物之間”三）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞into,inside,in從外到內(nèi)，如：Hewentquicklyinto/insidetheroom.Hewentquicklyoutof/outsidetheroom.outof從里到外，相當(dāng)于outside,或從里向外，相當(dāng)于from這男孩透過窗觀看外面的公交車、小汽車和自行車。on在表面，onto到上Aboatisontheriver.一條小船在河上。Hejumpedontoatree.他跳上一棵樹。across穿過一平面

11、，through穿過一空間Theboykickedtheballhardanditmovedacrossthegrass.這男孩用力踢球，球飛過草地。Thetrainmovedfastthroughthetunnel.火車飛駛穿過隧道。to,towards朝去Shewalkedtothebank.她步行到銀行去。Sheswamtowardstheshore.她朝岸邊游去。常用介詞用法比較as,likeas表示“作為”強(qiáng)調(diào)身份，like(介詞)表示“像”Asateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.Likeateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.

12、with,inwith表示“外貌特征或附帶的東西”,“用作工具”in表示”衣著”，用某語言，也用inAmanwithdarkglasseswantedtobuydrinks.Amaninblackwantedtobuydrinks.Theboyislearningtowriteinpencil/withapencil.HeretoldthetextinEnglish.3）for,tofor表示“為了.”to表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象,“對(duì),向”，如:Hewoulddoanythingforhismotherland.Didyoumentionthistomyfather?你對(duì)我父親提起過這件事嗎?for表示

13、“就某情況而說”,to表示“對(duì)某對(duì)象而言”如：ItsquitewarmtodayforFebruary.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。Whathetoldyoujustnowwasnotnewtome。他剛才對(duì)你所說的話對(duì)我并不新鮮。for表示“目的,用途”。與go,come動(dòng)詞連用。4）except,besidesexcept表示“從總體中排除一部分”,與but同義，besides表示“除了一部分還有另outofgetinto（outof）thecar,jumponto（off）theplatform,outof部分”Weallfailedexcepthim.我們都失敗了，但他沒有。Hespe

14、aksGermanbesidesFrench.除法語外，他還會(huì)講英語。（5）注意成對(duì)介詞的用法：6)介詞和名詞動(dòng)詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法：toonessurprise/joy,inchargeof,insteadof,inbed(hospital),introuble,inahurry,insurprise,withasmile,withonevoice,accordingto,atonce,ontime,intime,inall,atlast,atleast,atthesametime,atthesamespeed,intheend,bytheway,forexample,ontime,

15、intime,inall,atlast,atleast,atthesametime,atthesamespeed,intheend,bytheway,forexample,ononesway(to),inthesun,onthefootballteam,inline,withthehelpof,inred/greenputon,lookfor,lookafter,runafter,footballteam,inline,withthehelpof,inred/greenputon,lookfor,lookafter,runafter,sendfor,enterfor,payfor,showar

16、ound,listento,arrivein/at,getto,agreewith,succeedin,、連詞一）并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法arrivein/at,getto,agreewith,succeedin,、連詞一）并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法thinkof(about),waitfor,連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為：1.并列連詞，如：1.并列連詞，如：and,or,but,sofor,等，連接并列的詞與詞，短語與短語，句子與句子。例如：Riceandpotatoesarecommonfoods.詞與詞）Todaywecantravelbyplaneorbytrain.短語與短語）Manytrees

17、losetheirleavesinwinter,butevergreentreesdonot.句子與句子）關(guān)聯(lián)連詞是一類成對(duì)使用的連詞例如：句子。例如：Riceandpotatoesarecommonfoods.詞與詞）Todaywecantravelbyplaneorbytrain.短語與短語）Manytreeslosetheirleavesinwinter,butevergreentreesdonot.句子與句子）關(guān)聯(lián)連詞是一類成對(duì)使用的連詞例如：bothandnotbutnotonlybutalsonotonlynotonlybutalsonotonlybutaswellneithern

18、oreitherorneithernoroutofgetinto(outof)thecar,jumponto(off)theplatform,outof關(guān)聯(lián)連詞必須后接同樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Eitherthewindowsorthedoorwasopen.2.從屬連詞，如that,whether,when,because,though等，用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。3.從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句不可以與主句斷開。例如：Whenthealarmclockrang.(不完整)4.though(although)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，所以though(although)

19、不能和并列連詞but，because不能和并列連詞so一起使用。只能單獨(dú)使用。第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1、介詞一般放在名詞之前，但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞、疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。2、介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配，也就是說，在這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如：a動(dòng)詞+介詞：laughat,waitforb.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞：begoodat,beproudofc名詞+介詞：payavisitto,thekeyto、表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞，連接的雙方只取其一。常用連詞有or,either.or,oth

20、erwise例如：a)YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayortomorrow.b)Youmustgetupearlyoryouwontcatchtheearlybus.、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，連接的雙方構(gòu)成對(duì)比，意義上有轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but,however,while,only例如：a)Hisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesbasketball.b)YoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.、表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系，聯(lián)合的雙方是對(duì)等的，意義上趨向一致。常用連詞有：and,both.and,neit

21、her.nor,notonly.butalso,aswellasTostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandcareful.Thathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunsthefastest.6、表示因果關(guān)系，連接的雙方，互為因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的連詞有：for,so例如：Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、_hedidnotknowmuchEnglish，hegotouthisdictionaryandlookedup

22、theword.A.AsB.ForC.SinceA.AsB.ForC.SinceD.Because答案為A【解析】for，because和as雖皆可作連詞用，都可表示“因?yàn)椤?，但用法有些區(qū)別。for”，但用法有些區(qū)別。for兩個(gè)分句之間，總是用逗號(hào)答案為答案為D。分開。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句時(shí)，往往以why問句，語氣比較重，傳遞的往往是對(duì)方未了解的新信息。as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句時(shí)，往往是對(duì)方也知道的信息。本句是他拿出詞典查，顯然，“他知道的英語單詞不多”，這是明擺著的事，所以用as最恰當(dāng)。例2.JohnbecameafootballcoachinSealionMiddleSchool

23、_thebeginningofMarch.A.onB.forC.withD.at答案：D解析】atthebeginningof“在的開始”。例3.Howfarapartdotheylive?Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighbourhood.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas答案為Baslongasasoftenasaslongasasoftenas意意為“只要就”;asfaras意為“到目前為止”；aswellas意為“也”；為“每次，每當(dāng)”，根據(jù)原題asfarasIknow意為“就我所知”。例4.Thespeechbyth

24、emayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPO2010isstronglyimpressedmymemory.A.toB.overC.byD.on【解析】impresssb.(withsth.)給某人深刻印象。impresson/uponsb.是固定搭配，給留下印象。例5.Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereismysparetime.A.fromB.inC.ofD.at答案為C?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)賓語從句，havetaken后接感嘆句，其正常語序是whatlittleofmysparetimetherei

25、s.例6.Thesunlightcameinthewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.over答案為A。【解析】“從窗戶縫隙中”要用介詞through。through指從里面穿過，透過；across強(qiáng)調(diào)從面上橫穿，橫跨；on“在面上”；over從一地到另一地；經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間或距離。譯文：陽光從屋頂窗戶縫隙中照射進(jìn)來，把整個(gè)屋子都照亮了。例7.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretsomeonepattedhimontheshoulder.D.whenA.asB.untilC.whileD.when

26、【解析】as,until,while和when均可表時(shí)間，但各有不同：as強(qiáng)調(diào)一邊一邊；while“在期間/同時(shí)”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；when有兩種用法：當(dāng)時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞不限；就在此時(shí)，忽然，等于atthattime,suddenly。常用的句式有：bedoingwhen（正在做突然）;beabouttodowhen（正要做突然）;常與when連用。譯文：他正要告訴我這個(gè)秘密，這時(shí)，有人拍了拍他的肩膀。例8.IknownothingabouttheyoungladySheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides答案為C?！窘馕觥縠xcep

27、t后接名詞或代詞，意思是“除之外”，表示從整體中除掉部分。exceptfor后接名詞或代詞，意思是“除之外”，表示兩種事物的類比。女:Yourcompositionisverygood,exceptforsomemistakes.作文和錯(cuò)誤是兩個(gè)概念。exceptthat引導(dǎo)句子。besides后接名詞或代詞，前邊常有other，else等，意思是“除以外還有”。sheisfromBeijing是一個(gè)句子，只有exceptthat才能引導(dǎo)從句。例9.Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelpitisneeded.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when答案為D

28、?！窘馕觥靠歼B詞的用法及區(qū)別。答案D容易和B混淆。這里的when=if（如果、倘若）。根據(jù)句子的前后關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是未發(fā)生的事情，但由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間/條件狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。而since（既然）引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，其謂語若是將來時(shí)，不可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。譯文：如果需要，就別怕向人求助。例10.Theyhadapleasantchatacupofcoffee.A.forB.withC.duringD.over答案為D?！窘馕觥靠疾榻樵~搭配。tochatoveracupofcoffee意思是邊喝咖啡邊聊天。for和during都有“在期間”之意，但后邊通常加時(shí)間；wi

29、th“隨著，用”；over“在（做）期間，邊邊”。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.ThedoctorwillbefreeA.AsA.AsB.ForC.WithD.ThroughA.A.10minuteslaterB.after10minutesC.in10minutesD.10minutesafter2.DidyouhavetroublethepostofficeA

30、.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding3.Weofferedhimourcongratulationshispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of4.Ifyoukeepon,youllsucceedA.intimeB.atonetimeC.atthesametimeD.ontimeHowlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?1982.A.AfterB.InC.FormD.SinceThetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthe

31、station5:40pm.atthelatest.C.byD.aroundtreachtherequiredstandard;C.byD.aroundtreachtherequiredstandard;,C.inotherwordsD.atthellbringsome.C.onceagainD.intimeYourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidnyoufailed.A.intheendB.afterallsametimeIdontthinkIIIneedanymoneybutIA.atlastB.incaseproductionupby60%,thecompan

32、yhashadanotherexcellentyear.Facedseriousflooding,thevictimsgotaidfromallpartsofthecountry.A.withB.byC.toD.aboutIttookthemlongtobeaccustomedthelocalfoodandcustoms.A.toB.ofC.inD.forComeandseemetwoorthree.dayA.fordaysB.afterdaysC.indaysdaytimeFormilesaroundmetherewasnothingbutadesert,withoutasingleplan

33、tortreeA.insightplaceB.onearthtreeA.insightplaceB.onearthC.atadistanceDinIwantedtwoseatsMadameCurieforFridaynight,soIrangthecinematoseeifIcouldbooktwotickets.A.ofB.aboutC.toD.formoststudents,shewasalwayswellpreparedandnevercametoclasslate.A.LikeB.AsC.ForD.ToWashington,astateintheUS,wasnamed_oneofthe

34、greatestAmericanpresidents.byA.inhonorofB.insteadofC.infavorofD.bymeansofThenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1,000to1,200.ThismeansithasA.byB.atA.byB.atC.toD.withrisen20percent.Thesuitfittedhimwell_thecolorwasalittlebrighter.A.expectforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besidesYouseemtoshowinterestincooking.W

35、hat?,Imgettingtiredofit.A.OnthecontraryB.TothecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.TotheotherhandTheladyisnotinthemood_goingonasightseeingtrip.A.ofB.forC.inD.toBeijingisanancientcapital_ahistoryof3000years.A.onB.ofC.forD.withWeneedfifteenmorepeopleourteamtodothejob.A.butB.exceptC.aswellD.besidesNooneknewMr.Ben

36、sonsaddresshisdaughter.A.exceptB.exceptsC.onlyD.besideIlearnedGermanwhenIwasachild,butnowIhaveforgotteneverything24.afewwordsandexpressions.A.insteadofB.besidesC.exceptforD.aboutItwassohardforthemtosailthestrongwind.25.A.alongB.againstC.toD.toward26.DrRobertwenttoNewYork,boughtsomebookshisdaughter.1

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