1、Unit 3The world of science Developing ideas 詞匯知識自主學(xué)習(xí). 根據(jù)英文釋義寫出正確的單詞1. _: of or relating to the mind2. _: to make an illness go away3. _: to fasten or join one thing to another4. _: to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it5. _: a written or spoken description of sth. that has happened

2、6. _: to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent7. _: a way of doing sth. , especially the usual or correct waymentalcureattachconductaccountentirelyprocedure8. _: accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them9. _: too far or too advanced for sb.

3、 /sth. 10. _: not normal or ordinary11. _: very intelligent or skillful12. _: the importance of sth. , especially when this has effect on what happens in the future13. _: correct and true in every detailpassivebeyondextraordinarybrilliantsignificanceaccurate14. _: an official or formal statement, es

4、pecially about the plans of a government or an organization15. _: a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge. 16. _: connected with science. 17. _: information, documents that show that sth. is truedeclarationexperimentscientificproof. 根據(jù)語境用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1. P

5、eople really wanted to know if lightning was really produced _electricity. 2. He raised the kite _a piece of string tied to it. 3. A flash of lightning hit the kite and electricity was conducted _the string to the key. 4. More than one generation of schoolchildren have been amazed by his bravery and

6、 his scientific approach _looking for the truth. 5. If Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died _the electric shock. bywiththroughtofrom6. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head and led him to come up _his theory of gravity. 7. While

7、Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him _the head. withon根據(jù)課文及漢語提示補全句子1. However, new research _that the story _fiction instead of fact. 然而, 新的研究表明: 這個故事可能是虛構(gòu)的而不是事實。2. A metal key _the string. 線上拴了一把金屬鑰匙。3. This, he said, _that lightning was a form of elec

8、tricity. 他說, 這就表明閃電是電的一種形式。suggestsmay bewas attached toproved4. Scientists often _because they want to establish the facts. 科學(xué)家經(jīng)常質(zhì)疑已被接受的觀點, 因為他們想要確定事實。5. People _by Franklins spirit of scientific exploration _by the facts themselves. 人們更多的是受到了富蘭克林的科學(xué)探索精神的鼓舞, 而不是事實本身。question accepted ideashave been

9、 more inspiredthan閱讀研析合作學(xué)習(xí)Task 1框架宏觀建構(gòu): 整體理解Task 2文本微觀剖析: 細節(jié)探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)What is the text mainly about?A. The story of Franklins experiment is true or not. B. The aim of Franklins experiment. C. The procedure of Franklins experiment. D. The effect of Franklins experiment. (2)From

10、the first two paragraphs, what do we know about the experiment?A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning. B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools. C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklins experiment. D.

11、As a scientist, Franklin was admired for his attitude to science. (3)What people are inspired by in Franklins story?A. His bravery and scientific approach. B. The kite with a key tied to the string. C. The stormy weather with lightning. D. His touching on the metal key. (4)Whats the authors attitude

12、 towards the story of Franklins experiment?A. DoubtfulB. CuriousC. ObjectiveD. Not mentioned(5)What was TRUE from Newtons story we know?A. The scientists didnt see the apple falling on Newtons head. B. Scientists like to question everything around them. C. Everyone can prove the apple really hit New

13、ton on the head. D. The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why. 答案: (1)(5)ADAAD2. Long sentence analysis. 譯文: _就是這位美國開國元勛和科學(xué)家在1752年的一次暴風(fēng)雨中_。譯文: 有些(科學(xué)家)甚至質(zhì)疑關(guān)于落在牛頓頭上, _的蘋果的故事。這個著名的故事放飛了一只風(fēng)箏促使他提出重力理論Fill in the blanksBenjamin Franklin once carried out a famous experiment (1) _(prove) t

14、hat lightning was a form of electricity. He raised (2)_ kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key (3)_ (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by (4)_ (touch) the key. For many years, schools (5) _(teach) the story of the experiment

15、 in order to establish the (6)_(true). However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact because scientists all agree that if Franklin (7) _(touch) the key actually, he would certainlyto proveaattachedtouchinghave taughttruthhad touchedhave died (8) _the electric shock. Ad

16、mittedly, fiction is often (9)_ _(interest) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and (10)_ great a story is, we should notalways believe everything we read or hear. frommoreinterestinghoweverTask 3閱讀思維升華: 主題實踐1. Do you think the stories about some great

17、 scientists are true?(Critical Thinking批判性思維)_2. What will you learn from the stories about the great scientists?(Creative Thinking創(chuàng)造性思維)_I think some parts of the stories are true, and some are not, because they dontfollow the common sense, for example, Franklin touching lightning. I will learn the

18、 scientists spirit of scientific exploration from the stories.要點精研探究學(xué)習(xí)1 . beyond prep. 無法; 超過, 越過; 晚于, 遲于; 在另一邊; 除之外*Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在接下來的80年里, 我們的生活可能被3D打印完全改變模樣。*(2019天津高考) Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small

19、talk, but they wanted to help. 除了閑聊外我和那些媽媽們沒有交流過, 但是她們想要幫忙。*Erin had done beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night. Erin所做的已經(jīng)超出了幾乎任何人會做的范圍, 在一個刺骨寒冷的夜晚找到我家。*The situation is beyond our control. 我們已經(jīng)無法控制這一局面。【導(dǎo)圖理詞】【即學(xué)活用】(1)寫出下列句子中beyond的含義Our success was far

20、 beyond what we thought possible. ( )On his right was a thriving vegetable garden and beyond it is a small orchard of apple trees. ( )He did something that I thought was beyond me. ( )超出, 超過在另一邊遠不及, 非某人所能理解(2)The town has changed _. 小鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)變得認不出來了。(3)The bicycle was _. 自行車已損壞得無法修理。beyond recognitionbey

21、ond repair2. cure n. 藥劑; 療法 vt. 治好(疾病); 治愈*Currently, theres no cure for Alzheimers, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease. 目前還沒有治愈阿爾茨海默病的方法, 但是科學(xué)家們正在研究提高患有這種疾病的人的生活質(zhì)量的方法。*The best cure for boredom is hard work. 治愈無聊的最好辦法就是努力工作。*The doc

22、tor cured many patients in hospital of their illness at last, and they were very thankful to him. 最后這位醫(yī)生治好了醫(yī)院里的很多病人的病, 他們對他非常感激?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】【易混辨析】cure主要指治愈疾病treat普通用詞, 指接受并診治病人heal側(cè)重指治愈傷口、傷痛等【知識延伸】和cure sb. of 用法類似的還有inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事suspect sb. of doing sth. 懷疑某人做某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事remind s

23、b. of sth. 提醒某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人某物【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure _cancer sooner or later. She tried every means to cure her child _the bad habit. (2)With the help of my parents and teachers, I _and made progress in my study. 在父母和

24、老師的幫助下, 我改正了一些缺點, 在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了進步。forofcured some shortcomings【補償訓(xùn)練】選詞填空(treat/cure) The dentist _my teeth, but he didnt _them. treatedcure3. attach v. 系, 綁; 貼; 連接; 使附屬; 使隸屬*Theyve attached a number of conditions to the agreement. 他們在協(xié)議上附加了一些條件。*Its said that his brother works in the hospital attached to

25、Shandong University. 聽說他哥哥在山東大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院工作。*The old man is very attached to old customs and habits. 這個老人非常依戀舊的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。*I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website for help, where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture. 我非常重視課堂

26、以外的英語學(xué)習(xí), 經(jīng)常求助網(wǎng)站, 在網(wǎng)站上閱讀大量的關(guān)于英語和西方文化的文章。【導(dǎo)圖理詞】【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空You are required to attach an introduction _your innovation so that others can know how to use it. One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card _(attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes. We should attach importance to _(i

27、mprove) researchers salary and treatment. Please find my application letter and resume in the _(attach). toattachedimprovingattachment(2) Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers _. 正如這句話所揭示的那樣, 我們青少年中的許多人對我們手機的重視程度超過了我們的朋友。attach much moreimportance to our phones than to our friends【補償訓(xùn)練

28、】句式改寫He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant(逃課). _, he often plays truant. (用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)_, he often plays truant. (用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)So attached to the network games _that he often plays truant. (改為倒裝句)Attached to the network gamesAttaching himself to the network games so much

29、is he4. account n. 記述; 描述; 報道; 賬戶 v. 說明; 解釋*She gave an accurate account of the case. 她對這次事件做了準確的描述。*(2019天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 這位教授警告學(xué)生們, 在他的課堂上, 決不應(yīng)該使用手機。*At first he hesitated on account of the expense. 起初因為費用問題, 他有點猶

30、豫。*It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 據(jù)說肢體語言占第一印象的55%, 而你說的話只占7%。【導(dǎo)圖理詞】【名師點津】on no account是表示否定意義的短語, 放在句首時常引起句子的部分倒裝, 有類似用法的還有: by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等?！炯磳W(xué)活

31、用】(1)語法填空Youd better take _account your own strengths and weaknesses before choosing a major. The witness gave us _account of what happened briefly. (2018全國卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts _about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. (2)He has a bad name _his dishonesty. 他因

32、不誠實而聲名狼藉。intoanforon account of(3) We should on no account give up the plan. (改為倒裝句)On no account _the plan. (4)In developing a design, we must take account of many factors. (同義句改寫)In developing a design, we must _many factors _. should we give uptakeinto account/consideration5. However, neither the

33、 story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而, 這個故事和這個實驗的細節(jié)都不完全是真的?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】(1)本句是簡單句, 句中neither. . . nor. . . 結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語, 主謂一致適用于“就近原則”。 (2)neither. . . nor. . . 結(jié)構(gòu)也可連接其他句子成分, 表示對兩者的全部否定, 意為“既不也不”。*Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 沒有動力, 你既不會設(shè)定目標, 更不會達到目標。*(20

34、19北京高考)Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing but the type of phytoplankton is changing. 不僅海洋中浮游植物的數(shù)量在變, 浮游植物的類型也在改變?！久麕燑c津】主謂一致的“就近原則”這一原則是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近作主語的詞語保持一致, 常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有: or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 及there be句型中?！炯?/p>

35、學(xué)活用】語法填空(1)Neither he nor I was _(punish)by our teacher. (2)Not only he but also all his family _(be) fond of music. (3)Love _(be) not getting but giving. (4)Nobody except you _(deserve) the honor. punishedareisdeserves【要點拾遺】1. injure v. 使受傷, 弄傷*And it is not just humans who are benefitingin Brazil,

36、 people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 而且不僅僅是人類受益在巴西, 人們給了一只在森林大火中受傷的烏龜一個新的3D打印的殼!*(2019天津高考) A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. 一次戰(zhàn)爭使他的左手失去了知覺, 而且他經(jīng)常入獄。*Luckily, the injured were sent to the nearest hospita

37、l in time. 幸運的是, 所有的傷員都被及時送往最近的醫(yī)院?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】【巧學(xué)助記】【易混辨析】injure表示身體或精神上各種性質(zhì)及任何程度的傷害, 多表示意外受傷hurt多用來表示傷害身體或某一部位, 或表示劇烈的疼痛或精神上受到傷害harm表示人的心理、健康、權(quán)力或事業(yè)上的損害, 程度較輕wound主要指在戰(zhàn)斗中武器或兇器等造成的外傷或劇烈的痛苦【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from _(injure) and for several other bodily

38、functions. These chemicals come from the _(injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. The young woman entered the pool where an _(injure) dolphin was swimming. She _(injure) herself while skating last week. A bottle of acid flew into the streets, _(injure) 24 people. injuryinjuredinjuredinj

39、uredinjuring(2)選詞填空(hurt, injure, harm, wound)Im sorry, I _your feeling, but I didnt mean to. As we all know, smoking does great _to our health. Dont lift the tool boxyoull do an _to yourself. Zhang Guofu covered his _, hid his military medals and lived a normal life. hurtharminjurywounds2. origin n

40、. 起源; 起因*British biologist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. 英國生物學(xué)家查爾斯達爾文(1809-1882)因他的著作物種起源而出名, 在書中他解釋了自然選擇導(dǎo)致物種變化。*Many words in English language are French in origin. 英語中的許多詞源于法語。*(2018

41、全國卷) Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. 校園里的許多建筑都是他的原創(chuàng)。*We originally intended to stay for just a few days. 我們起初只打算待幾天。*The disease is thought to have originated in Africa. 這種疾病據(jù)說起源于非洲?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空The room still has many of its _(origin) features. The particular custom h

42、as its _(origin) in Wales. _(original), he followed his fathers advice to major in business, but later he quitted and did what he likedbeing a history teacher. (2)Facts _society, composed of men and women, and we should therefore look for answers on a society-wide basis. 事實來自社會, 來自男人和女人組成的社會, 因此我們應(yīng)該

43、在全社會的基礎(chǔ)上尋求答案。originaloriginsOriginallyoriginate from(3)Opinions vary as to _. 關(guān)于人類的起源人們眾說紛紜。the origin of man3. declaration n. 聲明, 宣告*Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Father of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. 本杰明富蘭克林(1706-1790)是美國的開國元勛之一, 他幫助起

44、草了獨立宣言。*The declaration was published in August 1687. 這份宣言是1687年8月公布的。*(2019全國卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 在領(lǐng)回“終身成就獎”后, 自豪的艾琳宣布, 她沒有打算從從事了36年的事業(yè)中退休。*Our government declared that China will not be the fir

45、st to use nuclear weapons. 我們政府宣布, 中國永遠不會是第一個使用核武器的國家。*China formally declared war on Japan in December, 1941. 中國在1941年12月正式對日宣戰(zhàn)?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】【熟詞生義】All income must be declared. 必須申報所有的收入。 ( )申報【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly _the policy, which made them unhappy. The j

46、udges had different ideas about the results , so it was two hours before the results _(declare). He wrote a letter to the girl, making a _(declare) of love. (2)Our government is making every effort to _on poverty. 我國政府盡一切努力向貧窮宣戰(zhàn)。againstwere declareddeclarationdeclare war4. conduct v. 傳導(dǎo)(熱、電)*A flash

47、 of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道閃電擊中了風(fēng)箏, 電流通過繩子傳到鑰匙上。*Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. 去年, 我正在教室組織研討會, 這時有人敲教室的門。*The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 導(dǎo)游引導(dǎo)我們游覽了古城

48、廢墟。*Who is conducting the orchestra tonight?誰指揮今晚的管弦樂隊呢?【導(dǎo)圖理詞】【熟詞生義】He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表現(xiàn)得比預(yù)想中要好的多。( )表現(xiàn)【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空Last month, a new weapon test _(conduct) successfully. (2020全國卷 )A study _(conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the

49、 city experienced less crime. _the conduct of his teacher, the naughty boy is not what he used to. The kind of metal is a good _(conduct) of heat. was conductedconductedUnderconductor(2)說出下列句子中conduct的含義Water conducts heat faster than air. ( )Actors may hire agents to conduct their affairs. ( )Your

50、conduct is not consistent with what you say. ( )Our school has specially set aside a laboratory for him to conduct experiments. ( )傳導(dǎo)管理品行, 行為組織并實施5. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and

51、 to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 富蘭克林和其他許多科學(xué)家激勵我們、教導(dǎo)我們, 科學(xué)實驗對于確定真相和為以后的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明作出貢獻是重要的?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】本句是主從復(fù)合句, 其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。has inspired和taught是主句的并列謂語。*(2019江蘇高考)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. 在過去的三個月里, 這名音樂家與

52、他的樂隊成員已經(jīng)完成了十場演出。*We learn a language in order to communicate. 我們學(xué)習(xí)一種語言是為了交流。【名師點津】(1)主謂一致的“就前原則”: 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟前面的主語保持一致。(2)動詞不定式作目的狀語: 不定式作目的狀語可使用以下形式: to do, only to do, in order to do, so as

53、to do, so/ such. . . as to do。不定式用作目的狀語有兩個可能的位置, 一是在句首, 二是在句末。一般說來, 用于句首屬于強調(diào)性用法, 即強調(diào)動詞的目的。有時為了特別強調(diào)目的狀語, 可以在不定式之前加上in order或so as, 即構(gòu)成in order to do sth. 和so as to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu), 但so as to do不能用于句首。(3)不定式作目的狀語可以置于句首, 并且當需要強調(diào)時, 通常會置于句首。但位于句首的不定式不一定是目的狀語。*To cooperate with others is important. (作主語)同他人合作很

54、重要?！炯磳W(xué)活用】(1)語法填空Everybody except you _(look) down upon me. You rather than I _(be) going to go camping. (2)(2020全國卷) She makes specific plans for us _all of us are in good health. 為了確保我們所有人健康, 她給我們制訂了專門的計劃。(3)(2019江蘇高考)More wind power stations will spring up _for clean energy. 為了滿足對清潔能源的需求, 更多的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站

55、將會涌現(xiàn)。looksarein order to make sureto meet the demand6. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科學(xué)家們一致認為如果富蘭克林確實接觸過鑰匙的話, 他肯定就死于電擊了。【句式解構(gòu)】(1)本句是主從復(fù)合句。其中that. . . the electric shock是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句; 該從句也是主從復(fù)合句, 其中if Fra

56、nklin. . . the key是條件狀語從句, 該從句及其主句he would certainly have died from the electric shock都使用了虛擬語氣。(2)die from是固定短語, 意為“死于”。*If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒, 一切都沒問題了。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) *If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我的錢足夠的話, 我就會為女兒買下這件

57、漂亮的禮服。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) *If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天來這兒的話, 我就跟他談?wù)劇?與將來事實相反)*If I had read the book, I would have told you about it. 我如果讀過那本書, 我就能告訴你關(guān)于這本書的情況了。(與過去事實相反)*If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨的話, 我們就得推

58、遲運動會。(與將來事實相反) 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: 情況 從句謂語動詞 主句謂語動詞 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 一般過去時(be動詞用were) would/should/could/might+動詞原形 與過去事實相反 過去完成時 would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞 與將來事實相反 一般過去時(be用were)/should+動詞原形/were to+動詞原形would/should/could/might+動詞原形 【名師點津】1. 在虛擬語氣中be動詞通常用were; 2. 有時可以把if從句中的if省略, 然后把should/ were/had提前。

59、If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake. =Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake. 如果你聽取了我的建議, 你就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空If we _(drive) in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired. If there _no air or water, there _no living things on the earth. If it _(snow)

60、 tomorrow, we would take photos. (2)Hadnt she _first aid, the boy would have lost his life. 如果她不懂急救知識的話, 小男孩就沒命了。(3)Things would have played out so differently if I _the beggar. 如果我拒絕那個乞丐的話, 事情的結(jié)局會截然不同。had drivenwerewould bewere to snow/should snow/snowedhad the knowledge ofhad simply said no to7. I