1、2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach Englishin China. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.mmoocc.Part IIi Listening C

2、omprehension (25 inutes)bbnneeffDirections: Answer the questions 1 to 2 based on the following news report.1.2.A.There is discrimination against male nurses.B.There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.D.The number of male nurses has gone down.C.The number of nurses has dropped to a record low

3、.A.Cultural bias.B.Working conditions.C.Educational system.D.Inadequate pay.Directions: Answer the questions 3 to 4 based on the following news report.3.4.A.He fell out of a lifeboat.C.He was almost drowned.B.He lost his way on a beach.D.He enjoyed swimming in the sea.A.The lifeboats patrol the area

4、 round the clock.C.The beach is a good place to watch the tide.B.The emergency services are efficient.D.The beach is a popular tourist resort.Directions: Answer the questions 5 to 7 based on the following news report.5.6.7.A.It became an online star.B.It climbed 25 storeys at one go.C.It broke into

5、an office room.D.It escaped from a local zoo.A.Return it to its owner.C.Send it back to the zoo.B.Release it into the wild.D.Give it a physical checkup.A.A raccoon can perform acts no human can.B.A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.D.The raccoon did something no politician could.C.The raccoon

6、 became as famous as some politicians.Directions: Answer the questions 8 to 11 based on the following conversation.8.9.A.She received a bonus unexpectedly.C.She received her first monthly salary.B.She got a well-paying job in a bank.D.She got a pay raise for her performance.A.Several years ago.C.Jus

7、t last month.B.Two decades ago.D.Right after graduation.2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）10.11.A.He sent a small check to his parents.C.He immediately deposited it in a bank.B.He took a few of his friends to a gym.D.He treated his parents to a nice meal.mmB.Buy some professional clothes.ooA.Visit her former uni

8、versity ccampus.c.iiD.Budget her salary carefully.bbC.Join her colleagues forngym exercise.neeffDirections: Answer the questions 12 to 15 based on the following conversation.5.A.He has a difficult decision to make.C.He has been overworked recently.B.He has just too many things to attend to.D.He has

9、just quarreled with his girlfriend.A.Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.B.Give priority to things more urgent.C.Think twice before making the decision.D.Seek advice from his family and advisor.A.His parents and advisor have different opinions.B.He is not particularly keen on the job offered.mmooc

10、c.C.He lacks the money for hiis doctoral program.D.His girlfriend does not supiport his decision.bbnnA.They need time to make preparations.B.They need to save enough money for it.C.They havent started their careers yet.D.They havent won their parents approval.Directions: Answer the questions 16 to 1

11、8 based on the following passage.16.A.Expressing ideas and opinions freely.B.Using information to understand and solve problems.C.Enriching social and intellectuaml lives.moc.iD.Acquiring information and professional knowledge.bne17.18.A.Traveling to different places in the world.B.Improving mind-re

12、ading strategies.C.Playing games that challenge ones mind.D.Reading classic scientific literature.A.Expose themselves to different cultures.C.Give others freedom to express themselves.B.Discard personal biases and prejudices.D.Participate in debates and discussions.Directions: Answer the questions 1

13、9 to 21 based on the following passage.19.20.A.The nature of relationships between dogs.C.The reason a great many people love dogs.B.Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.D.How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）A.They behave like other animals in many ways.C.They can

14、fall in love just like humans.B.They have an unusual sense of responsibility.D.They can respond to humans questions.21.A.They have their own joys and sorrows.B.They experience true romantic love.mmC.They help humans in various ways.D.They stay with one partner for life.oocc.bnefDirections: Answer th

15、e questions 22 to 25 based on the following passage.22.23.24.A.A cow boneA.Dating it.B.A rare animalB.Preserving it.C.A historical siteC.Measuring it.D.A precious stoneD.Identifying it.A.The channel needs to interview the boy.C.The boy should have called an expert.B.The boy s family had acted correc

16、tly.D.The site should have been protected.25.A.Ask the university to reward Jude.B.Search for similar fossils elsewhere.mmooD.Seek additional funds for the search.cc.C.Conduct a more detailed siearch.ibbnnefPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Millions of people travel by plane every single day

17、. If youre planning on being one of them soon, you might not belooking forward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with.Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects on the body.Although the pressureof the cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, you

18、 could still 28 sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressurefound in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headachesin certain 30. To heIp prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.Airplane food might

19、not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouthmmooand nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in acc.iibbnnsimulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active ag

20、ain by drinking water. A dry mouth may 32eefftaste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.Although in-flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane isactually low because of the air 34 used. Unless youre sitting next to someone who

21、 is coughing or sneezing, youshouldnt worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so washyour hands 35.A.adjustedE.filtersB.channelsF.frequentlyJ.primarilyN.thriveC.equivalentG.individualsK.reduceD.experienceH.originallyL.renovatedI.particularM.smo

22、othO.unpleasantIs Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?A)Along with old classics likecarrots give you night visionandSanta doesnt bring toys to misbehaving children,2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most importa

23、nt meal of theday. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake even if only two thirds of adults inthe UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.B)The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and

24、 repair through the night, explains diet specialist Sarah Elder.mmEating a balanced breakfast helops to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout theocc.iibbnight. But theres widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等級(jí))

25、 ofnneeffmeals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast research-and even one claim from an academic that breakfast isdangerous.C) Whats the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal comp

26、anies?The mostresearched aspect of breakfast( and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity.Scientists have different theoriesas to why theres a relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50, 000 peopleover seven years, researchers found that those who mad

27、e breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely tohave a lower body mass index(BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued thatbreakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet- since breakfast foods are often higherin fibre and nutr

28、ients.D)But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -or if breakfast-skippers were just morelikely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took partmmoocc.in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same numbe

29、r of calories over the day, but half had breakfast,iibbnneefwhile the other half did not. Whatthey found was that it wasnt breakfast itself that caused the participants to losefweight: it was changing their normal routine.E) If breakfast alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link bet

30、ween obesity and breakfast-skipping?Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply bebecause breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. There are a lot ofstudies on the relationship between bre

31、akfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because thosewho eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,she says.F) A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management conc

32、ludedthere is limited evidence supporting or refuting (反駁) the argument that breakfast influences weight or foodintake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.mmG)Researches from the Universoity of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are half

33、way through research looking intoocc.iibbthe mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast isnneeffbeneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has beenassociated with a 27% i

34、ncreased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higherrisk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be breakfast s nutritional value partly because cereal is fortified(增加營養(yǎng)價(jià)值) with vitamins.In one study on the breakfast habits of 1, 600 young people in the U

35、K,researchersfound that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have beensimilar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.H)Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A review of54 stu

36、dies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions wereinconclusive. However, one of the reviews researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel says there is reasonableevidencebreakfast does improve concentration there just needs to be more research. Looking at studi

37、es that testedconcentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,she says. And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.I) Whats most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have

38、 been found2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day according to research by theAustralian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and U

39、S,a recent investigation into the sugar content of adult breakfastcereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars inmmeach portion, and sugar was theosecond or third highest ingredient in cereals.occ.iibbJ) But some research suggests if

40、 we,re going to eat sugary foods, its best to do it early. One study recruited 200nneeffobese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didnt. Thosewho added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more-however, the study was unable to show the lo

41、ng-term effects.A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded thatthe type of breakfast doesnt matter as much as simply eating something.K)While theres no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consens

42、us is that weshould listen to our own bodies and eat when were hungry. Breakfast is most important for people who are hungrywhen they wake up, Johnstone says. Each body starts the day differentlyand those individual differences need tobe researched more closely, Spitznagel says. A balanced breakfast

43、 is really helpful, but getting regular mealsthroughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight andhunger levels, says Elder Breakfast isn t the only meal we should be getting right.mmoo36.According to one professor, obesity is related to a l

44、ack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.cc.iibbnneeff37.Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.38.Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.39.It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incide

45、nce of certain diseases in some countries.40.Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight loss.41.To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.42.It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.43.More

46、 research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.mmo44.People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.c.ibbnneeff45.Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.Textbooks represent an 11

47、 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is thelargest publisherof any kindin the world.It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, fromsubject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to e

48、xpert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbookpublishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and openeducational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development,review and testing, but also

49、 at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for thecoming year.mmooIt is true that textbook publishecrs have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used printc.iibbnntextbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of

50、 their bookswhich has increased over 1,000eeff2019年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end ofthe textbook itself.While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example,

51、over the centuries,they have simulated (模擬) dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the present day textbooks have done thismmby posing questions for studentsoto answer inductively (歸納性地). That means students are asked to use theirocc.iibbindividual experience to come up with answers to general

52、questions. Todays psychology texts, for example, asknneeffHow much of your personality do you think you inherited? while ones in physics say: How can you predict wherethe ball you tossed will land?Experts observe that textbooks come in layers, something like an onion. For an active learner, engaging

53、 with atextbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They customize their books byengaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow forfurther customization that students value in print books over digital for

54、ms of books.46.What does the passage say about open educational resources?A.They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.B.They dont profit as much as traditional textbooks do.C.They cant connect professors and students as textbooks do.moD.They compete fiercely for customers with textbook prod

55、ucers.c.i47.What is the main cause of the publishers losses?bneeffA.Failure to meet student need.C.Emergence of e-book.B.Industry restructuring.D.Falling sales.48.What does the textbook industry need to do?A.Reform its structures.B.Cut its retail prices.C.Find replacements for printed textbooks.D.Ch

56、ange its business strategy periodically.49.What are students expected to do in the learning process?A.Think carefully before answering each question.C.Answer questions using their personal experience.B.Ask questions based on their own understanding.D.Give answers showing their respective personality

57、.50.What do experts say about students using textbooks?A.They can digitalize the prints easily.B.They can learn in an interactive way.mmC.They can purchase customizeod versions.D.They can adapt the material themselves .occ.iibbnnefefWhen we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of d

58、ividing them into two distinct groups: oneconverts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines comecrashing down with the discovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓) thats truly half animal and half plant. Its pretty incrediblehow it has managed to hijack the

59、genes of the algae(藻類) on which it feeds.The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment(色素) in plants that captures energy from sunlight, andhold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes tocreate nutrients from sunlight.

60、And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be truly consideredsolar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the greensea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create energy from sunlight.In fact, the slugs use