1、Diving EquipmentXinliang zhao， peking university sub-aqua associationEquipmentWe will cover 3 categories:basicessentialusefulBasic equipmentMaskSnorkelFins (& boots)MasksHuman eyes cant focus in waterMasks trap a layer of air in front of eyes with a pane of glassSnorkelsCurved rubber tube with mouth

2、pieceAllow snorkellers to breathe face-down at surfaceSome have output valves to expel waterSnorkel valvesWithout valveWith valveFinsoffer propulsion for minimum effortallow divers to swim on surface and at depth with speed, endurance and powerFin typesFull-footOpen-heelFull-foot finsFit like a shoe

3、Worn over bare feetMore common for surface swimmingWarm water onlyOpen-heel finsFoot pocket with open heelHeld to foot by springs or strapsCan be worn over bootsMore common among diversFin strapsPlastic buckleFin springsEssential equipmentCylinderRegulatorDiving suitWeight systemBuoyancy control dev

4、iceDepth gaugeWatchCylindersRegulatorsRegulatorsAllow us to breathe at appropriate pressurePressure reduced in two stagesFirst stage attached to tankSecond stage attached to mouthpieceExtra hoses supply air to other equipmentbuoyancy control devices, dry suits, etc.RegulatorsPiston First StageDiaphr

5、agmFirst StageSecond stageSecond stageSecond stageSecond stageWeightsWeightsHumans float in seawaterEspecially in diving suitsWeights offset this extra buoyancyUsually on nylon beltOther systems: harness, integrated in BCDAttaching weight beltsWeights should be secure on beltBelt should be tight aro

6、und waistDepth gauges and watchesDepth gauges and watchesKnowing depth and time is essentialOnly way to avoid decompression sicknessGauges and watches must be accurate and reliableWatches should be rated to 100 mMost divers use dive computersRecreational Dive PlanerDiving suitsSuit typesSemi-dry sui

7、tsDrysuitsWet suitsProvide insulation through suit materialTrap a layer of water against skin, which is warmed by bodyDry suitsone-piece suits with single zip openingBoots attachedHoods are usually separatewater-tight neck and wrist sealsLatex or neopreneDry suitsInsulate through material and/or und

8、ersuitstrap a layer of air between diver and waterAir added/removed through valvesNeoprene dry suitsneoprene: 49 mmprovide built-in insulationare cheap(er) to maintainMembrane suitsThin materialno thermal protectionusually non-stretchRequire insulating undersuitsDry suit sealsNeoprene sealsLong-last

9、ingNon-allergenicForm a less effective seal than latexLatex sealsNeed replacing every 12 yearsMore flexibleForm a tighter sealDry suit zipsRear-entryFront-entryBuoyancy control devicesa.k.a. BCDsprovideface-up flotation at surfacebuoyancy control at depthBCD designInflatable internal bladderdirect-f

10、eed hose from regulatorInflation mouthpieceInflate/deflate valvesOverpressure valvesUseful equipmentKnifeTorchDive computerSafety markerKit bagKnivesUseful for cutting out from entanglementsMust be securedlocking sheath or lanyardLine/net cutters are also usefulTorchesUseful forAdding lightReturning

11、 colourNight divingDive computersComparatively recent developmentConstantly recalculate depth and timeHelp to avoid decompression sicknessSafety markersAllow coxswains to track youKeep other boats awayReduce waiting time for boat pick-upKit bagsKeep your kit ship-shape on boardCan be mesh or waterproofUse proper equipment for divingUse proper equipment for diving技術潛水所使用的調節(jié)器封閉式調節(jié)器/半封閉式調節(jié)器原理：二氧化碳吸收，其他氣體重新利用優(yōu)勢：沒泡泡缺點：貴，貴，貴相關傷害：外傷（因為沒泡泡，被船撞）、呼吸道灼傷（二氧化碳吸附劑泄露）、窒息（傳感或計算系統(tǒng)失靈）循環(huán)式調