1、Reproductive Diseasesof Swine豬 繁 殖 系 統(tǒng) 的 疾 病作者：Larry Firkins, DVM, MS, MBACollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois美國(guó)伊利諾斯大學(xué)獸醫(yī)學(xué)院危害豬繁殖系統(tǒng)的主要疾病Major diseases affecting reproduction in swine細(xì)小病毒病 Parvovirus 偽狂犬病Pseudorabies豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征（藍(lán)耳?。㏄RRS鉤端螺旋體病Leptospirosis日本乙型腦炎Japanese B Encephalitis 豬瘟Ho

2、g Cholera 流感Influenza布氏桿菌病BrucellosisPorcine Parvovirus豬細(xì)小病毒Common cause of reproductive failure 繁殖障礙的常見(jiàn)病因Worldwide and in most herds 世界范圍內(nèi)多數(shù)豬群都有發(fā)生90-100% of adults are positive 成年豬90-100% 為陽(yáng)性。Clinical Signs 臨床癥狀Depends on stage of pregnancy 懷孕的不同時(shí)期，癥狀不同70 days can have no effect on litter 70天以上感染-對(duì)

3、將出生的仔豬無(wú)影響Diagnosis of Parvovirus診斷Clinical signs 臨床癥狀increase in females returning to estrus 再發(fā)情母豬的數(shù)量增加irregular estrus cycles 發(fā)情周期不規(guī)則failure to farrow 分娩障礙small litters 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)少mummies 木乃伊Prevention of Parvovirus細(xì)小病毒病的預(yù)防Vaccination 疫苗接種vaccinate gilts twice 30 days prior to breeding 配種前30天內(nèi)給后備母豬接種2次疫苗

4、revaccinate every 6 months 每6個(gè)月追加免疫1次vaccinate boars every 6 months 每6個(gè)月給公豬免疫1次Prevention of Parvovirus 細(xì)小病毒病的預(yù)防Feedback Protocol回喂程序For PRRS nave herds對(duì)于豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征飼喂給敏感豬群To promote protection against TGE, enteroviruses, parvovirus, rotovirus, and E. coli可用于抵抗傳染性胃腸炎、腸病毒、細(xì)小病毒、輪狀病毒和大腸桿菌Feedback program

5、 回喂程序at least 3 weeks prior to introduction 至少在引入主豬群前3周Feedback Protocol回喂程序Retain viscera from one stillborn pig and one newly born weak pig per 10 head of gilts 每10個(gè)新母豬群保留一個(gè)死產(chǎn)仔豬和新生弱仔的內(nèi)臟Collect all mummies available on that day 收集分娩當(dāng)天所有的木乃伊仔豬Pseudorabies偽狂犬病Affects on pigs depends on age of pigs 對(duì)豬

6、的危害取決于豬齡大小Infection reduces profitability of farm 減少豬場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)Highly contagious disease 高度傳染性疾病Spread primarily by pig to pig contact 主要以豬不同個(gè)體之間的接觸而傳播Domestic and wild animals are susceptible 家豬及野豬均易感Cause of Pseudorabies 偽狂犬病的病因A herpes virus 一種皰疹病毒Virus does not survive over 2 weeks in environment: exce

7、pt in cold conditions病毒在環(huán)境中存活不超過(guò)2周，寒冷除外Drying, sunlight, and most disinfectants destroy the virus 干燥，陽(yáng)光和多數(shù)消毒藥均能殺死病毒Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies偽狂犬病的臨床癥狀A(yù)ge dependent 取決于年齡Less than 3 weeks of age小于3周齡感染death 死亡tremors and incoordination 振顫和共濟(jì)失調(diào)paddling and convulsions 四肢劃船運(yùn)動(dòng)和痙攣Clinical Signs of Ps

8、eudorabies偽狂犬病的臨床癥狀Post-weaning to market weight pigs 斷奶至上市之間的豬respiratory signs: coughing and sneezing 呼吸道癥狀: 咳嗽和噴嚏anorexia, high fevers, labored breathing 厭食, 高熱, 呼吸困難tremors and incoordination 振顫和共濟(jì)失調(diào)The younger the pig when infected, the higher the death loss 豬齡越小，感染后死亡越高Clinical Signs of Pseudo

9、rabies偽狂犬病的臨床癥狀Breeding herd 種豬群can result in respiratory signs 引起呼吸道癥狀reproductive signs 生殖系統(tǒng)癥狀abortions, stillborns, weak pigs 流產(chǎn), 死胎, 弱仔return to estrus and infertility 再發(fā)情和 不孕Diagnosis of Pseudorabies偽狂犬病的診斷Clinical signs that are age-dependent 年齡不同，臨床癥狀表現(xiàn)也不同Pseudorabies in the area 本地區(qū)的發(fā)生情況Labo

10、ratory Diagnosis 實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷Virus Isolation 病毒分離brain, tonsils, liver, spleen, lungs 腦, 扁桃體, 肝, 脾, 肺Serological testing 血清學(xué)檢測(cè)fluorescent antibody test, serum neutralization, ELISA 熒光抗體試驗(yàn)，血清中和試驗(yàn)，酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)takes 7 days for antibodies to develop 產(chǎn)生抗體需7天Preventing Pseudorabies偽狂犬病的預(yù)防Proper isolation of replacem

11、ents and testing prior to introduction to herd 適當(dāng)隔離后備豬并在引入豬群前進(jìn)行檢測(cè)Vaccinate breeding stock 免疫種豬群Vaccinate pigs at 8 weeks of age 對(duì)8周齡仔豬進(jìn)行免疫接種Biosecurity 生物安全措施PRRS 豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征Reproductive failure 生殖障礙Respiratory problems 呼吸道病Worldwide disease problem 世界性問(wèn)題Perhaps the most economically costly disease in

12、 swine today 可能是當(dāng)今養(yǎng)豬業(yè)損失最大的疾病之一PRRS Virus豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒Pigs with high-test results can still be actively shedding the virus 抗體強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性的豬仍能活躍地排泄病毒Numerous strains of PRRS virus 有許多種病毒株 Extreme variation in clinical signs on farms 豬場(chǎng)臨床癥狀極其多變Respiratory Failure 呼吸癥狀Sows and gilts 母豬和小母豬depression 萎靡lethargy 昏睡a

13、norexia 厭食fever 發(fā)熱respiratory distress 呼吸困難Reproductive Failure 繁殖障礙Late-term abortions/farrowing early 晚期流產(chǎn)或早產(chǎn)Increase in stillbirths, mummified fetuses, and weak newborns 死胎，木乃伊胎和弱仔數(shù)增加Increased Preweaning Mortality斷奶前仔豬死亡率增加Weakborn pigs die within 24 hours 弱仔在產(chǎn)后24小時(shí)內(nèi)死亡Normal appearing pigs can de

14、velop difficulty in breathing 表現(xiàn)正常的仔豬可能發(fā)生呼吸困難Can develop diarrhea 發(fā)生下痢Death loss increases 死亡損失增加Diagnosis of PRRS診斷History of reproductive problems 生殖系統(tǒng)病史abortions, stillborns, weak piglets 流產(chǎn)，死胎，弱仔Increased preweaning mortality 斷奶前的仔豬死亡率增加Respiratory outbreaks 呼吸道病爆發(fā)Diagnosis of PRRS診斷Generalized

15、increase in the size of lymph nodes 淋巴結(jié)普遍腫大Pneumonic lesions in nursery pigs 保育仔豬發(fā)生肺炎病變No specific necropsy lesions 無(wú)特異性剖檢病變 Laboratory Diagnostics實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷Virus isolation 病毒分離serum of weakborn pigs 弱仔的血清tissues of sick pigs 病豬的組織Serology 血清學(xué)ELISA, SN, IFA, PCRTransmission of PRRS Virus病毒的傳播Pig to pig i

16、s most common method 豬只間直接傳播最為普遍introduction of infected shedding pigs 引進(jìn)排毒的豬stressed negative carrier pigs 受應(yīng)激的陰性帶毒豬Airborne transmission 空氣傳播Boar semen 公豬精液Source of Viral Transmission傳染源Replacement breeding animals 后備種豬Sows at farrowing 分娩母豬Nursery pigs 保育期仔豬Boars shedding intermittently 間斷性排毒的公豬

17、PRRS Control 控制Must stabilize the breeding herd 一定要穩(wěn)定種豬群vaccination 免疫接種natural exposure 自然接觸免疫target replacement animals 注重后備豬的預(yù)防close herd to replacement introductionsTransmission from sow to piglet must be controlled 必須控制從母豬到仔豬的傳播PRRS Vaccine Use 疫苗的應(yīng)用Use to attempt to stabilize a herd produces v

18、ariable results 用于穩(wěn)定變異大的豬群Use for introducing replacement animals into a positive herd 用于進(jìn)入陽(yáng)性豬群的后備種豬Change needle oftenVaccination Programs 免疫程序There is no perfect vaccination program無(wú)完善的免疫程序Numerous recommended protocols 推薦的免疫方案有多種Modified vs. killed vaccines 弱毒苗 對(duì) 死苗Modified-live PRRS Vaccines 弱毒苗

19、Replicate in the body 在體內(nèi)繁殖Better efficacy? 臨床效果更好嗎？Shedding concerns 擔(dān)心排毒Transmission concerns 擔(dān)心傳播本病Killed PRRS Vaccines 死苗Does not replicate in the body 在體內(nèi)不繁殖No shedding concerns 不會(huì)排毒W(wǎng)ill they generate adequate immunity? 但是否能產(chǎn)生足夠的免疫？Stopping the spread of virus in farrowing facility 阻止病毒在產(chǎn)仔舍中的傳播

20、Cross foster only during the first 24 hours of life 僅在仔豬出生后24小時(shí)內(nèi)交叉寄養(yǎng)Prevent the movement of pigs and sows between rooms 防止肉豬和母豬在豬舍間走動(dòng)Humanely destroy sick piglets that are unlikely to recover 人道地淘汰康復(fù)無(wú)望的仔豬Minimize injections to nursing piglets 減少保育期仔豬的注射機(jī)會(huì)Replacement Animals 后備豬Proper isolation and a

21、cclimation 適當(dāng)?shù)馗綦x和適應(yīng)新環(huán)境Ideally off-site 理想的隔離點(diǎn)Can work on same location 可在同一地區(qū)進(jìn)行Separate buildings 隔離建筑物Separate clothing and boots 隔離衣物和鞋Isolation/acclimation Program 隔離/新環(huán)境適應(yīng)程序One possible plan for positive herds 一個(gè)陽(yáng)性豬群的可行計(jì)劃day 1 vaccinate for PRRS and others 第1天，免疫PRRS和其它疾病revaccinate in 21-30 days 第21-30天重復(fù)免疫expose to young culls or nursery pigs 與年青的淘汰豬或保育仔豬接確感染allow 30 -60 days of nonactivity 允許30-60天無(wú)活動(dòng)Isolation/acclimation Program隔離/新環(huán)境適應(yīng)程序Pos