1、Chapter 7漢英謂語(yǔ)對(duì)比Comparing Western and Chinese Philosophies:Western: Binary opposition between the subject and object.（物我兩分）The subject and its narration form a complete topic. (Theme + Rheme)Chinese:The combination of nature and man.The subject and object exist in harmony as a unified whole.（天人合一）Res

2、ult:Western: strict syntax built on S+V structureChinese: not necessarily an “S” or strict “V”V in English (V-centred syntax)1) English syntax evolves from the variation of the “V” eg. 主謂一致，主謂搭配，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，形式2) Seven basic structures of English SV The train had arrived (quietly) (at the station) (befo

3、re we noticed it). SVC She is a student (of GDUFS) (at the moment). SVO They ate the food (quickly) (that evening). SVOO He offered her some wine (politely) (before the dinner). SVOC They elected him chairman (unanimously) (at the meeting) (last week). SVOA She put the plates on the table. SVA Mary

4、is in her office (now).3) V可以劃分出四個(gè)單位： 定式動(dòng)詞（謂詞），補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ) 核心 = 定式動(dòng)詞（predicate）V in Chinese (V-flexible syntax)1）沒(méi)有定式動(dòng)詞名詞性謂語(yǔ) 桂林好地方。 小張廣州人。 一斤蘋果三元錢。形容詞性謂語(yǔ) 孩子們高興得跳了起來(lái)。 中俄兩國(guó)人民友誼比山高，比海深。 你父母身體狀況怎么樣？ 劉先生見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣。主謂短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ) 我們班一半是廣東人。 小王個(gè)子高，小陳身體壯。 這件事校長(zhǎng)不知道。2）有定式動(dòng)詞，但非常靈活，且無(wú)形態(tài)（時(shí)、數(shù)）變化單動(dòng) 我聽(tīng)過(guò)這個(gè)故事。 人是最高級(jí)的動(dòng)物。雙項(xiàng)連動(dòng) 他站起來(lái)走了。

5、我們有信心完成任務(wù)。三項(xiàng)連動(dòng) 我下了班騎自行車去菜場(chǎng)。四項(xiàng)連動(dòng) 我下了班騎自行車去菜場(chǎng)買菜。多項(xiàng)連動(dòng)我下了班騎自行車去菜場(chǎng)買菜回家做飯。兼語(yǔ)式 很多人求他幫忙。 你告訴小王通知院長(zhǎng)明天開(kāi)會(huì)?；旌鲜?你扶著王老先生上車。交錯(cuò)式 你回去請(qǐng)工程師明天來(lái)廠里檢修設(shè)備。 我叫小林把設(shè)備檢修一下。 小林被請(qǐng)到車間去檢修設(shè)備。英語(yǔ)連動(dòng)式的表達(dá)1.動(dòng)詞非限定形式 eg. She stayed home to help me. We stood watching the match. The job done, they went home.2.某些介詞 eg. upon, despite, for fear

6、of, considering, according to 3.某些副詞 eg. explain away, stand akimbo漢語(yǔ)連動(dòng)式的表達(dá)1.雙項(xiàng)連動(dòng) 我們?nèi)≡嚎囱莩觥?.多項(xiàng)連動(dòng) 大家在飯桌上邊吃邊喝邊討論。3.擴(kuò)展式（公因話題流水句） 小王走進(jìn)屋里，向四下看了一周，便一屁股坐下來(lái)，張口喘氣。英語(yǔ)兼語(yǔ)式的表達(dá)1.綜合型 1) 使役意義的單純?cè)~ 2) 加綴法2.分析型 V+O+C漢語(yǔ)兼語(yǔ)式的表達(dá)1.使役意義的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 eg. 使、讓、囑咐、命令、請(qǐng)(求)、(勸)告2. 情感意義的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 eg. 喜歡、討厭、感謝、嫌3. 感官動(dòng)作的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 eg. 看見(jiàn)、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)、聞到Example

7、s Analysis少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)獲得不斷的發(fā)展。The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developing continuously.Continuous economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority ethnic

8、 areas.Examples Analysis中國(guó)的潛在市場(chǎng)同國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和資金優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)合起來(lái)，就能形成眾多的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。Chinas potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities for development.The combination of Chinas potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/produc

9、e/generate many opportunities for development.Examples Analysis當(dāng)然人口來(lái)講，大家都知道我們是13億。We all know that Chinas population is 1.3 billion.We know that China has 1.3 billion people.We know that China is a country with 1.3 billion people. Examples Analysis我們堅(jiān)持在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，建立發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。We will establish and d

10、evelop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will stick to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and we will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis

11、 of this. Examples Analysis美國(guó)的大企業(yè)現(xiàn)在真的開(kāi)始動(dòng)起來(lái)了，這是中美經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易中的一個(gè)可喜的現(xiàn)象。Large US companies have now really begun to do something. This is a satisfactory development in Sino-US economy and trade.It is an encouraging development in Sino-US economy and trade that large US enterprises are now on the go.Examples A

12、nalysis他們利用持久戰(zhàn)術(shù)把敵人引到內(nèi)陸加以殲滅。They used a prolonged war to draw the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out. They drew the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out with a prolonged war.They wiped out the enemy after drawing them into the hinterland with a prolonged war. Examples Analysis我早就想親眼

13、看一看你們美麗的國(guó)家。I longed to see your beautiful country with my own eyes. Examples Analysis我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)邀請(qǐng)商業(yè)部長(zhǎng)閣下在方便的時(shí)候訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。I would like to take this opportunity to invite His Excellency Minister of Commerce to visit China at a time convenient to him.Examples Analysis我們要加快技術(shù)改造的步伐，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)設(shè)備，增加產(chǎn)品品種，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。We need to m

14、ake great efforts in speeding up the technical renovation and introducing advanced equipments for more variety and better quality. Examples Analysis沿海開(kāi)放城市的任務(wù)是認(rèn)真抓好現(xiàn)有企業(yè)技術(shù)改造，更新工藝技術(shù)，提高經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平，致力于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代和新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)。The tasks of the coastal open cities are to conscientiously carry out transformation and upgr

15、ading of technologies, improve the management and to make efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products. Examples AnalysisIn military interference with political arrangements in Iraq, the United States is not able to do as it wishes. 在對(duì)伊拉克政治的干涉方面，美國(guó)表現(xiàn)得十分力不從心。

16、Examples AnalysisChina is a country with vast territory, a big population and a long history. 中國(guó)疆域遼闊、人口眾多、歷史悠久。Examples AnalysisI want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. 我要感謝在座的各位同學(xué)給我這個(gè)機(jī)

17、會(huì)跟大家見(jiàn)面談一談我自己的國(guó)家，并且回答大家的一些問(wèn)題。 Examples AnalysisUpon finishing his dinner, President Nixon got up to leave the table. A Canadian reporter dashed over, grabbed the chopsticks the President had just used, and put them into his pocket as a souvenir. 尼克松總統(tǒng)用餐完畢，起身離席的時(shí)候，一名加拿大記者箭步跑去，一把抓住美國(guó)總統(tǒng)剛使用過(guò)的那雙筷子揣入懷中留作紀(jì)念

18、。Examples AnalysisI call for cooperation in the economic and technical sectors among the countries the world over.我呼吁世界各國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)方面進(jìn)行合作。Examples AnalysisBritain is highly responsive to the concerns, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries.英國(guó)非常關(guān)注發(fā)展中國(guó)家所關(guān)切的問(wèn)題，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。Examples Anal

19、ysisThe United States want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries.美國(guó)要用軍事力量來(lái)對(duì)付那些所謂的恐怖主義國(guó)家。Examples AnalysisYou and your country waged a long struggle for social justice.您和貴國(guó)進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)取社會(huì)正義。Examples AnalysisI extend to you most warmly an invitation to visit our country which will af

20、ford us an opportunity for further discussion on the world situation and also to review bilateral relations. Above all it will give us an opportunity to return in some small ways the truly warm e and generous hospitality extended to us.我最熱情地邀請(qǐng)你們到我國(guó)進(jìn)行回訪，以使我們有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)一步討論世界形勢(shì)、回顧雙邊關(guān)系發(fā)展，尤其重要的是，使我們有機(jī)會(huì)得以回報(bào)你們的熱烈歡迎和盛情款待。Examples Analysis e to our factory. I am in charge of factory tours. Ill be your guide for the afternoon. Any qu