1、基于MATLAB的圖像處理基礎(chǔ)MATLAB中文論壇 HYPERLINK / /圖像處理版 lyqmath（題材來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，程序自己逐個(gè)調(diào)試通過）拿來與大家分享，希望大家支持論壇為論壇的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量PS：這個(gè)文檔，基本上包含了基于MATLAB圖像處理的入門、進(jìn)階知識，希望能基于這個(gè)實(shí)際文檔，能使得新手的圖像處理水平有所提高。目 錄 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc262248153 1.圖像反轉(zhuǎn) PAGEREF _Toc262248153 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248154 2.灰度線性變換 PAGEREF _Toc262248154

2、h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248155 3.非線性變換 PAGEREF _Toc262248155 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248156 4.直方圖均衡化 PAGEREF _Toc262248156 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248157 5.線性平滑濾波器 PAGEREF _Toc262248157 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248158 6.中值濾波器 PAGEREF _Toc262248158 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248159 7.用Sobel算子和拉普拉斯對圖像銳化 PAGERE

3、F _Toc262248159 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248160 8.梯度算子檢測邊緣 PAGEREF _Toc262248160 h 9 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248161 9.LOG算子檢測邊緣 PAGEREF _Toc262248161 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248162 10.Canny算子檢測邊緣 PAGEREF _Toc262248162 h 11 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248163 11.邊界跟蹤 PAGEREF _Toc262248163 h 11 HYPERLINK l _Toc2622481

4、64 12.Hough變換 PAGEREF _Toc262248164 h 12 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248165 13.直方圖閾值法 PAGEREF _Toc262248165 h 14 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248166 14.自動閾值法Otsu法 PAGEREF _Toc262248166 h 15 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248167 15.膨脹操作 PAGEREF _Toc262248167 h 16 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248168 16.腐蝕操作 PAGEREF _Toc262248168 h 17 HYPERLI

5、NK l _Toc262248169 17.開啟和閉合操作 PAGEREF _Toc262248169 h 17 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248170 18.開啟和閉合組合操作 PAGEREF _Toc262248170 h 18 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248171 19.形態(tài)學(xué)邊界提取 PAGEREF _Toc262248171 h 19 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248172 20.形態(tài)學(xué)骨架提取 PAGEREF _Toc262248172 h 20 HYPERLINK l _Toc262248173 21.直接提取四個(gè)頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo) PAGEREF _

6、Toc262248173 h 211.圖像反轉(zhuǎn)MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(cameraman.tif);J = imcomplement(I);H = uint8(J);subplot(1,2,1); imshow(I); title(原圖);subplot(1,2,2); imshow(H); title(反轉(zhuǎn)圖像)2.灰度線性變換MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);subplot(2,2,1); imshow(I); title

7、(原始圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系%局部拉伸，把0.1 0.5內(nèi)的灰度拉伸為0 1J = imadjust(I1, 0.1 0.5, ); subplot(2,2,3); imshow(J); title(線性變換圖像0.1 0.5);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系%局部拉伸，把0.3 0.7內(nèi)的灰度拉伸為0 1K = imadjust(I1, 0.3 0.7, ); subplot(2,2,4); imshow

8、(K); title(線性變換圖像0.3 0.7);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系3.非線性變換MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplot(1,2,1); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系J = double(I1);J = 40*(log(J+1);H = uint8(J);subplot(1,2,2); imshow(H); title(對數(shù)變換圖像);

9、grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系4.直方圖均衡化MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);I = rgb2gray(I);figure;subplot(2,2,1); imshow(I); title(原圖)subplot(2,2,2); imhist(I); title(原圖直方圖)I1=histeq(I);subplot(2,2,3); imshow(I1); title(直方圖均衡化)subplot(2,2,4); imhist(I1); title(直方圖均衡化后的直方圖)

10、5.線性平滑濾波器用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域平均法抑制噪聲程序：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);figure;subplot(2, 3, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像)I = rgb2gray(I);I1 = imnoise(I, salt & pepper, 0.02);subplot(2, 3, 2); imshow(I1); title(添加椒鹽噪聲的圖像)% 進(jìn)行3*3模板平滑濾波k1 = filter2(fspecial(average,3),I1)/255;% 進(jìn)行5*5模板平滑濾波k2 = f

11、ilter2(fspecial(average,5),I1)/255; % 進(jìn)行7*7模板平滑濾波k3 = filter2(fspecial(average,7),I1)/255;% 進(jìn)行9*9模板平滑濾波k4 = filter2(fspecial(average,9),I1)/255; subplot(2, 3, 3); imshow(k1); title(3*3模板平滑濾波);subplot(2, 3, 4); imshow(k2); title(5*5模板平滑濾波);subplot(2, 3, 5); imshow(k3); title(7*7模板平滑濾波);subplot(2, 3,

12、6); imshow(k4); title(9*9模板平滑濾波); 6.中值濾波器用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)中值濾波程序如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);I = rgb2gray(I);J = imnoise(I, salt & pepper, 0.02);subplot(2, 3, 1); imshow(I); title(原圖像);subplot(2, 3, 2); imshow(J); title(添加椒鹽噪聲圖像);k1 = medfilt2(J); %進(jìn)行3*3模板中值濾波k2 = medfilt2(J, 5,5);

13、%進(jìn)行5*5模板中值濾波k3 = medfilt2(J, 7,7); %進(jìn)行7*7模板中值濾波k4 = medfilt2(J, 9,9); %進(jìn)行9*9模板中值濾波subplot(2, 3, 3); imshow(k1); title(3*3模板中值濾波);subplot(2, 3, 4); imshow(k2); title(5*5模板中值濾波);subplot(2, 3, 5); imshow(k3); title(7*7模板中值濾波);subplot(2, 3, 6); imshow(k4); title(9*9模板中值濾波); 7.用Sobel算子和拉普拉斯對圖像銳化clc; clea

14、r all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);subplot(2,2,1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I1 = im2bw(I);subplot(2, 2, 2); imshow(I1); title(二值圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系H = fspecial(sobel); %選擇sobel算子 J = filter2(H,I1); %卷積運(yùn)算subplot(2,2,3); imshow(J); title(sobel算子銳化圖像);g

15、rid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系h = 0 1 0; 1 -4 1; 0 1 0; %拉普拉斯算子J1 = conv2(double(I1), h, same); %卷積運(yùn)算subplot(2, 2, 4); imshow(J1); title(拉普拉斯算子銳化圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系8.梯度算子檢測邊緣用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);subplot(2, 3, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);grid on;

16、 %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I1 = im2bw(I);subplot(2, 3, 2); imshow(I1); title(二值圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I2 = edge(I1, roberts);subplot(2, 3, 3); imshow(I2); title(roberts算子分割結(jié)果);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I3 = edge(I1, sobel);subplot(2, 3, 4); imshow(I3); title(sobel算子分割結(jié)果);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axi

17、s on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I4 = edge(I1, prewitt);subplot(2, 3, 5); imshow(I4); title(prewitt算子分割結(jié)果);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I5 = edge(I1, log);subplot(2, 3, 6); imshow(I5); title(log算子分割結(jié)果);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系9.LOG算子檢測邊緣用MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);figure;subpl

18、ot(1, 3, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplot(1, 3, 2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);I2 = edge(I1,log);subplot(1, 3, 3); imshow(I2); title(log算子分割結(jié)果);10.Canny算子檢測邊緣用MATLAB程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下：clc; clear all; close all;I=imread(football.jpg);subplot(1, 3, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像)I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplo

19、t(1, 3, 2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);I2 = edge(I1, canny);subplot(1, 3, 3); imshow(I2); title(canny算子分割結(jié)果);11.邊界跟蹤clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);figuresubplot(2, 2, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);I1 = rgb2gray(I); %將彩色圖像轉(zhuǎn)化灰度圖像 subplot(2, 2, 2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);threshold = gray

20、thresh(I1); %計(jì)算將灰度圖像轉(zhuǎn)化為二值圖像所需的門限BW = im2bw(I1, threshold); %將灰度圖像轉(zhuǎn)化為二值圖像subplot(2, 2, 3); imshow(BW); title(二值圖像);dim = size(BW);col = round(dim(2)/2)-90; %計(jì)算起始點(diǎn)列坐標(biāo)row = find(BW(:,col),1); %計(jì)算起始點(diǎn)行坐標(biāo)connectivity = 8;num_points = 180;contour = bwtraceboundary(BW, row,col, N, connectivity, num_points);

21、 %提取邊界subplot(2, 2, 4); imshow(I1); hold on;plot(contour(:,2), contour(:,1), g, LineWidth, 2);title(邊界跟蹤圖像);12.Hough變換clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);rotI = rgb2gray(I);subplot(2, 2, 1); imshow(rotI); title(灰度圖像);grid on;axis on;BW = edge(rotI,prewitt);subplot(2, 2, 2); imshow(BW)

22、; title(prewitt算子邊緣檢測后圖像);grid on;axis on;H,T,R = hough(BW);subplot(2,2,3); imshow(H,XData,T,YData,R,InitialMagnification,fit);title(霍夫變換圖); xlabel(theta); ylabel(rho);axis on; axis normal; hold on;P = houghpeaks(H, 5, threshold, ceil(0.3*max(H(:);x = T(P(:,2); y = R(P(:,1);plot(x, y, s, color, whit

23、e);lines = houghlines(BW, T, R, P, FillGap, 5, MinLength, 7);subplot(2, 2, 4); imshow(rotI); title(霍夫變換圖像檢測);grid on;axis on;hold on;max_len = 0;for k = 1:length(lines) xy = lines(k).point1; lines(k).point2; plot(xy(:, 1), xy(:, 2), LineWidth, 2, Color, green); plot(xy(1, 1), xy(1, 2), x,LineWidth,

24、2, Color, yellow); plot(xy(2, 1), xy(2, 2), x,LineWidth, 2, Color, red); len = norm(lines(k).point1 - lines(k).point2); if(len max_len) max_len = len; xy_long = xy; endendplot(xy_long(:,1), xy_long(:,2), LineWidth, 2, Color, cyan);13.直方圖閾值法用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)直方圖閾值法：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(footbal

25、l.jpg);I1 = rgb2gray(I);figure;subplot(2, 2, 1); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像)grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系% 測量圖像尺寸參數(shù)m, n = size(I1);% 預(yù)創(chuàng)建存放灰度出現(xiàn)概率的向量GP = zeros(1,256);for k = 0 : 255 % 計(jì)算每級灰度出現(xiàn)的概率，將其存入GP中相應(yīng)位置 GP(k+1) = length(find(I1=k)/(m*n); end%繪制直方圖subplot(2,2,2); bar(0:255,GP,g); title(灰度直方圖)xlabel(

26、灰度值); ylabel(出現(xiàn)概率)I2 = im2bw(I,150/255);subplot(2, 2, 3); imshow(I2); title(閾值150的分割圖像)grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系I3 = im2bw(I, 200/255); %subplot(2, 2, 4); imshow(I3); title(閾值200的分割圖像)grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系14.自動閾值法Otsu法用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)Otsu算法：clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);f

27、igure;subplot(1, 2, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像)grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系level = graythresh(I); %確定灰度閾值BW = im2bw(I, level);subplot(1, 2, 2); imshow(BW); title(Otsu法閾值分割圖像)grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系15.膨脹操作clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);I1 = rgb2gray(I);figure;subplot(1, 2,

28、 1); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像) grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系se = strel(disk,1); %生成圓形結(jié)構(gòu)元素I2 = imdilate(I1,se); %用生成的結(jié)構(gòu)元素對圖像進(jìn)行膨脹subplot(1, 2, 2); imshow(I2); title(膨脹后圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系 16.腐蝕操作MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)腐蝕操作clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);I1 = rgb2gray(I);figure;subplo

29、t(1, 2, 1); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像) grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系se = strel(disk,1); %生成圓形結(jié)構(gòu)元素I2 = imerode(I1,se); %用生成的結(jié)構(gòu)元素對圖像進(jìn)行腐蝕subplot(1, 2, 2); imshow(I2); title(腐蝕后圖像);grid on; %顯示網(wǎng)格線axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系17.開啟和閉合操作用MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)開啟和閉合操作clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);figure;subplot(2,

30、2, 1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系 I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplot(2, 2, 2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系 se = strel(disk,1); %采用半徑為1的圓作為結(jié)構(gòu)元素I2 = imopen(I1,se); %開啟操作I3 = imclose(I1,se); %閉合操作subplot(2, 2, 3); imshow(I2); title(開啟運(yùn)算后圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系subplot(2, 2, 4); imshow(I3); tit

31、le(閉合運(yùn)算后圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系18.開啟和閉合組合操作clc; clear all; close all;I = imread(football.jpg);figure;subplot(3,2,1); imshow(I); title(原始圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系 I1 = rgb2gray(I);subplot(3,2,2); imshow(I1); title(灰度圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系 se = strel(disk,1); I2 = imopen(I1,se); %開啟操作I3 = imclose(I1,se); %閉合操作subplot(3,2,3); imshow(I2); title(開啟運(yùn)算后圖像);axis on; %顯示坐標(biāo)系subplot(3,2,4); imshow(I3); title