現(xiàn)在完成時講解—．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二．

句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語:

Yes,

主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法1

現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果spent

all

of

my

money(so

far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)I

haveGuo

zijunMy

fatherhas(just/already)come.(含義：has

gone

to

work.(含義是:我現(xiàn)在在這兒)現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be

動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從……以來）③since+時段+ago④since+從句（過去時）⑤It

is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary

has

been

ill

for

three

days.I

have

lived

here

since

1998.四．

has

gone

(to),has

been

(to),

has

been

(in)

的區(qū)別gone(to):去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)father？He

has

gone

to

Shanghai.Have/HasWhere

is

yourHave/Hasbeen(to):去過（已不在去過的地方）been

to

Shanghai.in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）been

in

Shanghai

for

two

months.My

father

hasHave/has

beenMy

father

has/since

two

months

ago.五．現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1.

現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達這種含義:*

以already,just

和yet為標(biāo)志He

has

already

got

her

help.

他已得到幫助。He

has

just

seen

the

film.

他剛剛看過這場。He

hasn't

come

back

yet.

他還沒有回來。*

以ever

和never

為標(biāo)志。This

is

the

best

film

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部He

has

never

been

to

Beijing.

他從沒有到過

。*

以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He

says

he

has

been

to

the

USA

three

times.他說他已經(jīng)去過三次了。*

以so

far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHe

has

got

to

Beijing

so

far.

到目前為止他已到了。She

has

passed

the

exam

so

far.

到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手,進一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。*

①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點（過去

從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,last

week,threeyears

ago

等;

2)不能與when

連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六．過去分詞1

、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“

ed”。work---worked---worked

,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“

e”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“

d”。live---lived---lived

,(3)、以“輔音字母+

y”結(jié)尾的動詞，將"y"變?yōu)?i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied ,

cry---cried---cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped2

、不規(guī)則動詞：AAA

型原型過去式過去分詞,

drop---dropped--droppedburst

burst

burstcast

cast

castcost

cost

cost

cut

cut

cuthit

hit

hithurt

hurt

hurt

let

let

letput

put

put

set

set

set

shut

shut

shutspread

spread

spreadreadread

readAAB

型beat

beatABA

型e

becamerun

ran

runread發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/beatenecome

came

come特殊情況ABB

型bring

brought

broughtbuy

bought

boughtbuild

built

builtburn

burnt

burntcatch

caught

caughtdig

dug

dugfeel

felt

feltfight

fought

foughtfindhearholdfound

foundheard

heardheld

heldkeep

kept

keptlay

laid

laidlead

led

ledlose

lost

lostmake

made

mademeet

met

met

sell

sold

soldshoot

shot

shot

sit

sat

satstand

stood

stoodsweep

s t

s

tteach

taught

taughtl

told

toldthink

thought

thoughtwin

won

wonABC

型begin

began

begunblow

blew

blownbreak

broke

brokenchoose

chose

chosendrawdrivedrinkdrew

drawndrove

drivendrank

drunkfly

flew

flownf ive

f ave

ffivenet

f ot

f

ottenfreeze

froze

frozengive

gave

givengrow

grew

grownknow

knew

knownrideriseringrode

riddenrose

risenrang

rungshake

shook

shakensing

sang

sungsink

sank

sunkswim

swam

swumthrow

threw

thrownwrite

wrote

written七．瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,come，go,

leave,連用。要改變動詞buy----have

borrow

-----keepjoin……）不能直接與for

sincecome/arrive/reach/get

to-----beinawayoverclosedleave

----befinish----beclose

-----bego

out----be

outbegin-----be

onopen----be

opendie----be

dead★1.have

代替buyMy

brother

has

had(不能用has

bought)

this★2、用keep

或have

代替borrowI

have

kept(不能用have

borrowed)

the

bookbike

for

almost

four

years.for

quite

a

few

days.★3、用

be

替代

eHow

long

has

your

sister

been

a

teacher?★4、用have

a

cold

代替catch

a

coldTom

has

had

a

cold

since

the

day

before

yesterday.★5、用wear

代替put

on用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞1、be＋married

代marry

2、be＋ill

代fall(get)

ill3、be＋dead

代die

4、be＋asleep

代fall

(get)asleep5、be＋awake

代wake/wake

up

6、be＋gone

代lose,die,sell,

leave7、be＋open

代open

8、be

closed

代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,

lost)代

lose用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞1“be＋on”代start,

begin

2“be＋up”代get

up3“be＋back(to)”代return

to,

come

back

to,

go

back

to4“be

here(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here

或go

(arrive,

reach,re

等等用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞get)

the“be

in/at+地點”代替go

to/come

to用be

in

the

army

代替join

the

army“be

in/at+地點”代替move

to常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：have

arrived

at/in

sw.

got

to/reached→have

been

in

sw./at…相應(yīng)的介詞sw.

come/gone/moved

to

sw.have

been

backoutcome/gone

back/returned

→come/gone

out

→have

beene

→

have

beenhavehavehavehaveclosed

/

opened→

have

been

close/open6.

have

got

up

→

have

been

up；havehavehavedied

→

have

been

dead；left

sw.

→

have

been

awayfallen

asleep/got

to

sleep

→pleted

→from

sw.have

beenhave

beenasleep；over；married

→

have

been

married；started/begun

to

do

sth.

→

havebegun

→

have

been

onborrowed/bought

→have

kept/hadlost

→

haven’t

hadput

on

→have

worndone

sth.

；caught

/get

a

cold

→

have

had

a

cold；got

to

know

→

have

knownhavehavehavehavehavehavehavehavehavehave/has

gone

to

→

have

been

inhave

joined/have

taken

part

in

theleague/the

Party/the

armyin/have

been

the

Party’s

member/the

l→have

been

a

member

of/

have

beeneague

member/the

soldier…現(xiàn)在完成時練)A)選用have,

has

填空:1.I

told

him

the

news.2.She

come

back

from

school.3.You

won

the

game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They

have

bought

a

computer.(改成否定句)5.He

has

lost

his

book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)C)

單項選擇6.

-Where

have

you

,

Kate?-I've

to

the

bank.A.

gone,

gone B.

been,

been C.

gone,

been D.

been,

gone7.

Her

grandfather

for

two

years.A.

died B.

has

died C.

has

been

dead D.

has

been

died8.

It's

six

weeks

I

met

you

last.A.

when B.

since C.

before D.

for9.

Tom

and

Jack

have

arrived

at

West

Hill

Farm

already.A.

have

got B.

have

gone

to C.

have

been

to D.

have

reached現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）一、單項選擇。1、Both

his

parents

look

sad

.

Maybe

they

what's

happened

to

him

（.

呼和浩特）Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

have

known

Ｃ.

must

know

Ｄ.will

know2、He

has

been

to

Shanghai

,

has

he

?Ａ.

already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.

still3、Have

you

met

Mr.

Li

？Ａ.

just

Ｂ.

ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.

a

moment

ago4、The

famous

writer

one

new

book

in

the

past

two

years

.Ａ.

is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written5、—Our

country

a

lot

so

far

.—Yes.

Ihopeit

will

beeven

.Ａ.

has

changed

;

well

Ｂ.

changed

;

goodＣ.

has

changed

;

better

Ｄ.

changed

;

better6、Zhao

L ready

in

this

school

for

two

years

.Ａ.

was

;

studying

Ｂ.

will

;

studyＣ.

has

;

studied

Ｄ.

are

;

studying7、We

Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl

.Ａ.

know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.

have

known

Ｄ.

knew8、Harry

Potter

is

avery

nice

film

.I

it

twice

.Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see9、—These

farmers

have

been

to

the

United

States.—Really?When

there

?Ａ.

will

they

go

Ｂ.

did

they

go

Ｃ.

do

they

go

Ｄ.

have

they

gone10、—

you

your yet

?—Yes.I

it

a

moment

ago

.Ａ.

Did

;

do

;

finished

Ｂ.

Have

;

done

;

finishedＣ.

Have

;

done

;

have

finished

Ｄ.

will

;

do

;

finish11、Hisfather

the

Party

since

1978

.Ａ.joined

Ｂ.has

joined

Ｃ.was

in

Ｄ.has

beenin12、—Do

you

know

him

well?—Sure.We

friends

since

ten

years

ago

.e

Ｄ.

have

madeＡ.

were

Ｂ.

have

been

Ｃ.

have13、—Howlonghaveyou

here

?—About

two

months

.Ａ.

been

Ｂ.

gone

Ｃ.

come

Ｄ.

arrived14、Hurry

up!The

play

for

ten

minutes

.Ａ.

has

begun

Ｂ.

had

begunＣ.

has

been

on

Ｄ.

began15、It

ten

years

since

he

left

the

army

.Ａ.

is

Ｂ.

has

Ｃ.

will

Ｄ.

was16、

Miss

Green

isn't

in

the

office

.

she

to

the

library

.Ａ.has

gone

Ｂ.

went

Ｃ.will

go

Ｄ.

has

been17、Myparents

ShＡ.

have

been

in

Ｂ.

have

beentoＣ.

have

gone

to

Ｄ.

have

beenfor

ten

years

.18、The

students

have

cleaned

the

classroom,?A.

so

they

B.

don’t

they

C.

have

they

D.

haven’tthey19、has

Mr.

White

been

a

member

of

Greener

China

since

he

to

China?A.

How

soon,

comes

B.

How

often,

gotC.

How

long,

came

D.

How

far,arrived20、

His

uncle

for

more

than

9

years.A.

has

come

here

B.

has

started

to

workC.

has

lived

there

D.

has

left

theuniversity二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He

has

never

surfed,?（改成反意疑問句）2、They

have

been

here

since

2000.(對劃線部分提問)

＿＿＿＿ they

been

here?3、The

oldman

last

year.

He＿＿＿＿for

a

year.(die)（動詞填空）4、This

factory

opened

twentyyears

ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory

for

twenty

years.5、Miss

Gao

left

an

hourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGao

an

hourago.6、Her

mother

has

been

a

Party

member

for

three

years.（同義句）Hermother

theParty

three

years

.7、The

Green

Family

moved

to

France

two

years

ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

twoyears

the

Green

family

moved

toFrance.8、The

bus

has

arrived

here.

Itarrived

ten

minutes

ago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)三、漢譯英。1、

已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、

他昨天收到

。3、

我父親以前到過

。4、她還沒有看過那部新。5、

她去過

。6、他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2

應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so

far（到目前為止），in

the

past/“l(fā)ast+

一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4

應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for+時間段或since+過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還