MakingLabourStandardsinconstructionoperational勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在在建筑業(yè)中中的運用ContractualprocessesandcontractclausesRebeccaScottWEDC,LoughboroughUniversityStepsforimplementation實施步驟IdentifygapsIndicateswheretofocusattentionThenmoveto……DefineawayaheadImplementMonitorInstitutionaliseIdentifyGaps確定差距ReviewcurrentnationallabourlawandpolicyReviewstandardcontractdocumentsRoleoftheContractAmechanismforimplementingandmonitoringapplicationofstandardsApplicationinfluencesareasof:legislation,technicalaspects,andmanagementContractclauses合同條款Contractclausespreventshort-cutsWithoutthem,practiceisunlikelytochangeExamplesofClausesconcerningLabourStandards:FIDICConditionsofContract,Parts1&2WorldBankstandarddocumentsDFIDclausesNationalconditions:e.g.Ghana,IndiaComparingClauses-1條款比較-1WageclausesFIDICPartIIClause34(i)coversminimumratesofwagesDFIDClauseAstates,inaddition,thatpaymentshouldbeincashGhanaCl34.5coversthedisplayingofnoticesinformingworkersoftheirentitlementsIndiaClMrequirestheContractortopaynotlessthanthatpaidforsimilarworkintheneighbourhoodClPmakes“fairwage””arequirementComparingClauses-2條款比較-2SanitationfacilitiesFIDICPartIIClause34(iv)requirestheContractortoprovidesanitationattheaccommodationprovidedforlabourersDFIDClDrequiresseparatearrangementsformenandwomenGhanaCl34.9requirestheContractortoprovideaspecifictypeoflatrineIndiaClNrequirestheContractortoprovide“sanitaryarrangements”attheirowncostGaps(cont.)差距ReviewcollectiveagreementsResearchtypicalsitepracticeDevelopabaselinesurvey,ifrequiredIssafetyequipmentbeingbothsuppliedandused?Arerecordsofemployment,wages,accidents,etc.beingkept?WhatistheContractorsattitudetounions?Returntothenextsteps…回到前面的步驟驟DefineawayaheadAgreerolesandresponsibilitiesIdentifywhichLabourStandardstofocusonImplementConsultationAddressconcerns,capacity,costsReviewcontractsEnsurecommunicationMonitor:forcomplianceUseofincentivesorsanctions?MeasuretheimpactInstitutionaliseDocumentationDevelopresponsibilitiesDevelopastrategyDeterminingcosts敲定成本DirectandindirectcostsExamples(fromGhana):Health&Safety:2-3%increase6.RecordkeepingConsultation7.MonitoringvisitsTrainingmaterials8.AwarenessraisingTrainingsessions9.EvaluatingimpactsPre-bidbriefingforContractorsIndirect:LatepaymentsCostsofapplyingotherstandards(e.g.increasingwages)Whowillpay?-NeedstobediscussedandagreedStakeholders利益益相相關(guān)關(guān)者者Rangeofstakeholdersinvolved:Government(Inter)nationalfundingagenciesCompanies:contractors,construction,NGOsTradeUnions/workersrepresentativesResearch/academicunits,andothers……Importanceofeachone’’spositionAdherencetoconditions,standards,agreementsCompanypoliciesNationalorinternationalconventions,treaties,etc.Impactofthebroader““environment””&interactionsWheredoesresponsibilitylie?Makingoperational…實際際運運作作ClausesexpressintentionsMovingfromwhattohowrequiresagreaterlevelofdetailUseofdetailedspecificationsEnables:implementation(theContractor),andmonitoring(theEmployer)Checklists:astartingpointHealthandsafetytobeassured…Clothing&equipment:WhatistobeprovidedResponsibilityforprocurement,payment,storage&useWagestobesufficient…Payrecords:MaintainingrecordsRatesofpayfornormaltimeandovertimeDates/timesatwhichwagespaidWorkinghourstoberegulated…Flexibility:WorkinghoursaccountingforseasonalchangesSomeexamples:Chinacontext中國的情情況ReviewprocurementproceduresHasast