住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，壓垮；affected影響；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影響。句意：盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)家庭有決定性影響，Joe認(rèn)為當(dāng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)擾亂了家庭傳統(tǒng)與日常生活時(shí)，應(yīng)該拒絕運(yùn)動(dòng)。由although可推知前后性質(zhì)相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干擾…”是屬于不利的一面，故前半句應(yīng)為好的一面。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly（

）tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweathersensitivepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjective

B.subordinate

C.liable

D.vulnerable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subjective主觀的，個(gè)人的；subordinate從屬的，次要的；liable有…傾向的，易…的；vulnerable易受…影響的。句意：一些研究人員意識(shí)到某些人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特別易受干燥的熱風(fēng)的影響，我們稱這些人為天氣敏感癥患者。由weathersensitivepeople可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與sensitive意思一致，具有“易受……影響的”意思，故答案D

3.單選題

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】第1題:1.D考查形容詞辨析。uninterested不感興趣的；unrelated無關(guān)的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，無感覺的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與其差不多。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案D

第2題:考查介詞辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定語，故用介詞of修飾，此處意為人們認(rèn)為建筑物總是在那里。答案B

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此處B項(xiàng)正確。正是因?yàn)槿藗兊倪@種觀點(diǎn)“建筑物總是在那里”使人們對(duì)建筑物有了誤解。fold折疊；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken減少，使變?nèi)酢４鸢窧

第4題:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此時(shí)此刻；hereandthere各處；到處。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都與我們?cè)谝黄稹笨赏浦八晕覀兞?xí)慣認(rèn)為建筑物到處都是，而忘記了建筑物是此時(shí)此刻的藝術(shù)”故hereandnow符合題意。

第5題:考查連詞辨析。由and可知空格處所填單詞與前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推斷此空表示一種原因，引出后面的結(jié)果。答案D

第6題:A考查副詞辨析。really實(shí)際上；practically實(shí)際地；invariably總是，不變地。由上文提到的“我們忘記了將建筑物看作是此時(shí)此刻的藝術(shù)”可知此處意為我們僅僅將房子認(rèn)為是不變的地方，A項(xiàng)符合題意。

第7題:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“將…看作…”知C項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第8題:考查連詞辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我們將建筑認(rèn)為是與法國大教堂或意大利宮殿或希臘神廟有關(guān)而與紐約或芝加哥街道或洛杉磯郊外無關(guān)”。havesomethingtodowith與…有關(guān)。答案D

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我們的頭腦對(duì)我們周圍正在創(chuàng)造的一切美好事物充耳不聞”以及and表示并列關(guān)系可推知我們的眼睛也對(duì)周圍的美好事物比較遲鈍，感覺不到這些事物的美。dulled“遲鈍的，無趣的”；closed“關(guān)著的”；dusted“拂去灰塵的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查連詞辨析。前面提到我們的眼睛和心靈都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我們改變態(tài)度多體會(huì)的話，我們可能從普通環(huán)境中體會(huì)到這些深度的美景。A項(xiàng)最符合語義。orelse要不然，否則，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened聽不見的可推知空格處意為看不見的，故答案為A。eyesareclosed看不見的，閉著眼的。

4.單選題

Whenitcomestoteaching（

）,manyparentsbelievethatiftheyteachtheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mentality

B.morality

C.complicated

D.majority

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mentality心理，智力；morality道德，品行，美德；complicated復(fù)雜的；majority多數(shù)。句意：說到道德教育，許多家長(zhǎng)相信如果他們溫和地教育孩子，對(duì)待孩子，孩子們就知道如何守規(guī)矩了。下文提到的內(nèi)容屬于道德品行范疇，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。答案B

5.翻譯題

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目標(biāo)之一就是給未來的公民準(zhǔn)備好他們?cè)诔扇松鐣?huì)占有一席之地所需要的一切。當(dāng)今的成人社會(huì)由男人和女人組成，所以男女分開的學(xué)校怎么可能為他們的將來做好恰當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)備呢？男女同校的教育給孩子提供的完全是現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的真實(shí)縮影。男孩女孩都有機(jī)會(huì)互相了解，有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)著從小在一起生活。在這里，他們可以在學(xué)習(xí)能力、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)和許多課外活動(dòng)方面進(jìn)行相互比較，這些都是學(xué)校生活的一部分。

【答案】風(fēng)俗一般不被認(rèn)為是什么重要的課題。我們認(rèn)為我們大腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺得那不過是最平常的行為而已。但事實(shí)恰恰相反。全世界的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是很多具體行為的集合，這些具體行為不管有多不正常，也比任何個(gè)體行為令人驚訝。這只是問題的次要方面。最重要的是，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所體現(xiàn)的多樣性。

沒有人能以純凈的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲學(xué)探索中，他也沒有徹底拋棄成見。約翰?杜威曾經(jīng)說過，風(fēng)俗對(duì)于個(gè)體行為的塑造之于個(gè)體對(duì)風(fēng)俗的影響，正如一個(gè)人的母語詞匯與他的咿呀學(xué)語一樣。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

6.單選題

Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.explicit

C.objective

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。exclusive“獨(dú)有的，排外的”；explicit“明確的，清楚的”；objective“客觀的”；obscure“不清楚的，隱蔽的”。句意：在造成諸多困惑后，杰森意識(shí)到自己最好把試圖告訴聽眾的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把這些困惑給弄清楚。答案B

7.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

8.單選題

Women’scriticalroleinmanagingnaturalresourcesandprotectingtheenvironmenthasbeenoverlookedmoreoftenthanithasbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledged

B.emphasized

C.memorized

D.associated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；emphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)，重視”；memorize“記住，背熟”；associate“聯(lián)想，使發(fā)生聯(lián)系”。句意：婦女在管理自然資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境方面的關(guān)鍵作用經(jīng)常更多地被忽視，而不是被承認(rèn)。由overlookedmoreoftenthan可知空格處填“被承認(rèn)”更符合邏輯。答案A

9.單選題

Jack（

）theprobleminhismindfortwodaysbeforehedidsomethingaboutit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedout

B.turnedto

C.turnedon

D.turnedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。turnedout結(jié)果是；turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；turnedon打開；turnover仔細(xì)考慮。句意：杰克在采取行動(dòng)之前，關(guān)于這個(gè)問題，他在腦海中仔細(xì)考慮了兩天。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

10.單選題

Withoutthefrictionbetweenthefeetandtheground,peoplewould（

）beabletowalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innotime

B.byallmeans

C.innoway

D.onanyaccount

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。innotime立即，馬上；byallmeans無論如何；innoway決不；onanyaccount無論如何。句意：如果腳和地面之間沒有摩擦，那么人類不可能會(huì)走路。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

11.單選題

Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietand（

）intheclassroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.faithful

C.obedient

D.subsidiary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。skeptical懷疑的；faithful忠誠的，盡職的；obedient順從的，服從的；subsidiary輔助的，附屬的。句意：在一些國家，人們期望學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上保持安靜、順從聽話。由“quietand”可推斷and之后的詞義應(yīng)與quiet性質(zhì)一致，故C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

12.單選題

Thoughheviewshimselfasarealist,Cetronsayshisfindingsmakehimvery（

）

aboutfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.sympathetic

C.objective

D.precautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。optimistic“樂觀的”；sympathetic“有同情心的”；objective“客觀的”；precautious“警惕的，謹(jǐn)慎的”。句意：盡管認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，Cetron稱他的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓自己對(duì)未來非常樂觀。由轉(zhuǎn)折詞Though及realist“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者”可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與realist相反，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者一般對(duì)未來不持樂觀態(tài)度，故選項(xiàng)中“樂觀的”正確，答案A

13.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot（

）extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”；since“自…以來”；after“在…之后”；as“因?yàn)椤?。句意：盡管這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)最終得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災(zāi)已經(jīng)造成了大量損害，大量損害發(fā)生在前，火災(zāi)控制在后。故A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然；as同樣；muchas表示雖然，即使；since既然；for為了。句意：盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時(shí)跟我說話高傲的語氣。由like和hated可知，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案B

15.單選題

Formostthinkerssince（theGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexiststhatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.

Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人類學(xué)）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate（天生的）humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.

Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablytiesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.

1.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings

（

）.

3.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinkerinorderto

（

）.

4.Theword“untenable”inthelastparagraph（Line3）ofthepassagemostprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheory

B.thehistoricalapproachtoman

C.newinsightintohumanbehavior

D.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havesometraitsincommon

B.arebornwithdiversecultures

C.arebornwithoutafixednature

D.changetheircharactersastheygrowup

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature’’

B.showthattheconceptofhumannaturewasusedtojustifysocialevils

C.provethatliehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"

D.supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.invaluable

B.imaginable

C.changeable

D.indefensible

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段“Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.最近人們開始對(duì)人性本質(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。其中一個(gè)理由就是人們?cè)絹碓街匾暼祟悮v史研究方法與途徑?！笨芍诵员举|(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)遭到歷史研究方法的挑戰(zhàn)。故答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.一項(xiàng)對(duì)人類歷史的研究表明，我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的人與以前的人是如此不同，以至于認(rèn)為每個(gè)時(shí)代的人都有可以稱為‘共同的人性之處’似乎是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.另一個(gè)促使人們傾向于否定固定人性假設(shè)的因素是，這一概念經(jīng)常被濫用，被用作大多數(shù)不人道行為的擋箭牌?！笨芍鸢窧

第4題:詞義題。invaluable“無價(jià)的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；changeable“易變的”；indefensible“站不住腳的”。由“Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.一旦人類開始被看作是在進(jìn)化過程中發(fā)展起來的，那么包含在人類本質(zhì)中的一種物質(zhì)的觀點(diǎn)就似乎站不住腳了。答案D

16.單選題

Whyinanageoftechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrology（占星術(shù)）claimstotellussomethingaboutourselves,andallofusareinterestedinourselves.Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.

Infact，astrologywasneverascience.Itwasnotahypothesisortheorydevelopedtodescribenaturalphenomena,anduntilfairlyrecenttimes,therewasnoattempttotestorverifyitspredictions.AstrologybeganapproximatelythreethousandyearsagoinBabylonia,itwasappliedtomonarchsandkingdoms,butnottoindividuals.Itspreadinthe6thcenturyBCasFarasIndia,whereitflourishestoday.TheEgyptians,meanwhile,developedtheirownkindofastrology.ButtheastrologynowpracticedinEuropeandAmericaisthatdevelopedbytheGreeks,whosynthesizedtheideasofBabyloniansandEgyptiansandenrichedthemwithconceptsfromtheirownfertileimaginations.TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.Thegodswereimmortal,butotherwisehadthesameattributesofanger,happiness,jealousy,rageandpleasureaswedo.Nowifwhatthegods'thoughtwascapricious（變化無常的），atleasttheplanetswerepredictableintheirmovements.Becauseourownlotinlifeissounpredictable,itmustbepurelyatthemercyofgods.Butifthegodsaretheplanets,orsomehowassociatedwiththem,thenwehaveonlytolearntherulesofthemotionsoftheplanetstounderstandthewhimsofthegodsandhowtheyshapeourownlives.Sothebeliefdevelopedthateachofourlivesispreordainedbythepreciseconfigurationoftheplanetsintheskyatthetimeofourbirth.

Astrologycouldnot,ofcourse,haveseemedasincredibletotheancientsasitdoestous.Theroleofthesuninfluencingourdailyandyearlylivesisobvious;itwasanaturalextensiontoattributeotherpowerstotheotherplanetsaswell.Itwasn'tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.

1.Manypeoplearemisledbyastrologybecauseitispresentedbythepractitionersas（

）.

2.Itisimpliedthatastrologyisbasedonthebeliefthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthescholarsbeforethetimeofNewton?

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atheorythatcandescribenaturalphenomena

B.amagicalkeytounderstandthemselves

C.anancientbeliefthathadlongbeenappliedtomonarchs

D.amysteriouspowerbeyondtheexplanationofscience

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegods’intentionswerehardtopredict

B.thefateofourliveswereunpredictable

C.thegodsarecloselyrelatedtotheplanets

D.thegodshavethesameattributesaswedo

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someofthemwereconvincedbyastrology.

B.Theydidn'tknowthelawsofNatureapplytoallplanets.

C.Theyplayedimportantrolesinthedevelopmentofastrology.

D.Mostofthemfoundastrologyincredible

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tocastdoubtontheoriginofastrology

B.Tocompareastrologywithrealsciences.

C.Topointoutthepopularityofastrology.

D.Tojustifytheincredibilityofastrology.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.這是因?yàn)檎夹切g(shù)被它的現(xiàn)代實(shí)踐者描述為一門科學(xué)，許多人被它誤導(dǎo)了?！睋?jù)此可知A項(xiàng)正確。答案A

第2題:推理判斷題。TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.希臘人相信地球是由四種元素組成的，而天堂是由完美的水晶物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。行星本身被以各種方式認(rèn)為是神，神的住所，或者至少是神的顯現(xiàn)。據(jù)此可知C項(xiàng)“神被認(rèn)為與行星密切相關(guān)”正確。答案C'

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章末尾“Itwasn’tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.直到牛頓時(shí)代，我們才明白自然法則不僅適用于地球，也適用于天體。然而，在古代，所有偉大的學(xué)者都相信占星術(shù)?！笨芍糯鷮W(xué)者并不知道自然法則適用于所有行星。B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.我認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)檎夹切g(shù)被現(xiàn)代的從業(yè)者描述成一門科學(xué)，很多人被誤導(dǎo)了?！奔暗诙巍癐nfact，astrologywasneverascience.事實(shí)上，占星術(shù)從來都不是一門科學(xué)。”可知作者認(rèn)為占星術(shù)并非科學(xué)，不可信。答案D。本文主要是為了說明占星術(shù)不是科學(xué)，并未將占星術(shù)與真正的科學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故B項(xiàng)不對(duì)。文中對(duì)于占星術(shù)發(fā)展來源的敘述只是為了表明占星術(shù)是一種迷信，并不是本文的寫作目的，故A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)“指出占星術(shù)很受歡迎”并不是本文的寫作目的。

17.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwithaneye（

）buildingaschoolforchildreninthevillage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.of

C.at

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配withaneyeto“著眼于，考慮到”。句意：他們考慮為這個(gè)村子的小孩修建一所學(xué)校而買了這塊地。答案A

18.單選題

Theauthorofthereportiswell（

）withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquainted

B.informed

C.enlightened

D.advised

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉；使認(rèn)識(shí)”，常與with連用；inform“通知，報(bào)告”，常用搭配beinformedof；enlighten“啟蒙、教導(dǎo)”；advise“建議，勸告”。句意：這篇報(bào)道的作者非常了解醫(yī)院的問題，因?yàn)樗谶@家醫(yī)院已經(jīng)工作很多年了。A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

19.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句?？崭裉幩顔卧~指代前面句子的內(nèi)容，即我兩邊鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，也就是指這件事，故排除BC兩項(xiàng)。再由空格前的逗號(hào)可知，次從句為非限制性定從，故用which引導(dǎo)。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，這讓我的房子比實(shí)際上更顯得破舊。答案D

20.單選題

Thisdocumentis（

）unlessitisofficiallystamped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invalid

B.acute

C.deliberate

D.confidential

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。invalid“無效的”；acute“嚴(yán)重的”；deliberate“故意的”；confidential“機(jī)密的，保密的”。句意：這份文件除非有官方蓋章，否則就是無效的。由后半句unless…這個(gè)條件可知A項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存為，除……之外。句意：要不是那場(chǎng)車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron，用于虛擬語氣。故答案B

22.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（

）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。cometo想起；comearound蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺；cameupwith提出，想出；comeon開始，加油。句意：極少數(shù)的專家想出了對(duì)這個(gè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的新答案。只有C項(xiàng)能和with搭配，comeupwith提出，想出。答案C

23.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機(jī)械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機(jī)械的效率。答案C

24.單選題

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（

）theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。complainingof抱怨，埋怨；enteringinto進(jìn)入；ramblingabout漫步，閑逛，閑聊；turningup調(diào)大音量，出現(xiàn)。句意：在老人的彌留之際，他不斷閑聊起他童年時(shí)在非洲的經(jīng)歷。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

25.單選題

LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.Arizona'sfast-growingLatinopopulationoffersthestatetremendouspromiseandachallenge.Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingtheslate'seconomicandsocialstructure.

Immigrationandnaturalincreasehaveadded600,000youngLatinoresidentstothestate'spopulationinthepastdecade.Halfofthepopulationyoungerthan18inbothPhoenixandTucsonisnowLatino.Within20years,Latinowillmakeuphalfofthehomegrownentry-levellaborpoolinthestate'stwolargestlabormarkets.

Whatismore,Hispanicsarebecomingkeyeconomicplayers.Mostpeopledon’tnoticeit,butLatinosborninArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents'economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample;second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.Thatmeanstheyerase70percentoftheirparents'lagbehindthird-generationnon-HispanicWhitesinasinglegeneration.

Allofthishandsthestateagoldenopportunity.Atatimewhenmanystateswillstrugglewithlaborshortagesbecauseofmodestpopulationgrowth,Arizonahasapricelesschancetobuildapopulous;hardworkingandskilledworkforceonwhichtobasefutureprosperity.TheproblemisthatArizonaanditsLatinoresidentsmaynotbeabletoseizethisopportunity.FartoomanyofArizona'sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos—andthestateaswell.Tobesure,constructionandlow-endjobscontinuetoabsorbtensofthousandsofLatinoimmigrantswithlittleformaleducation.Butoverthelongterm,mostofArizona'sLatinocitizensremainill-preparedtoprosperinanincreasinglydemandingknowledgeeconomy.

Forthisreason,theeducationalupliftofArizona'shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate'sagenda.Afterall,theeducationdeficitsofArizona'sLatinopopulationwillseverelycrampthefortunesofhardworkingpeopleiftheygounaddressedandcouldwellundercutthestate'sabilitytocompeteintheneweconomy.Attheentrylevel,slowergrowthratesmaycreatemorecompetitionforlow-skilljobs,displacingLatinosfromasignificantmeansofsupport.Atthehigherend,shortagesofLatinoseducationallyreadytomoveupwillmakeitmuchharderforknowledge-basedcompaniestostaffhigh-skillpositions.

1.TheLatinopopulationischangingArizona's（

）.

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?

3."Educationaldeficits"(Line6,Para4)mostprobablymeansthat

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Arizonashouldgivehighestpriorityto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agingproblem

B.educationalsystem

C.economicstructure

D.financialdeficits

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheLatinopopulationinArizonaismadeupofHispanicsandMexican-Americans.

B.Thefirst-generationLatinosareimmigrantsinsteadofbeingborninAmerica.

C.70percentofthefirst-generationLatinoshadlessschoolingthannineyears.

D.Theeducationalsystemusedtobeinfavorofthenon-HispanicWhites.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thestatedidnotputmuchmoneyintoeducation

B.manyLatinosaretoopoortoobtaineducation

C.educationisnotaprofitableenterprise

D.manyLatinosarenotwell-educated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.controllingtheLatinopopulation

B.enhancingtheeducationalleveloftheLatinopopulation

C.improvingtheknowledge-basedeconomy

D.buildingtheLatinopopulationintohardworkingandskilledworkforce

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中“Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingthestate’seconomicandsocialstructure.與嬰兒潮一代的老齡化相比，拉美裔的繁榮從根本上改變了該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第2題:推理判斷題。第三段中“Mostpeopledon’tnoticeit,butLatinosborninArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents’economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample,second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.大多數(shù)人都沒有注意到，但是出生在亞利桑那州的拉丁裔美國人彌補(bǔ)了他們移民父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)和教育赤字。例如，第二代墨西哥裔美國人平均接受了12年的教育，而他們的父母只接受了不到9年的教育。”由“immigrantparents移民父母”以及后面的例子內(nèi)容可知第一代拉丁裔美國人是移民，而非出生在美國，故B項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

第3題:詞義題。由“FartoomanyofArizona’sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos—andthestateaswell.亞利桑那州有太多的拉丁裔人從高中輟學(xué)，或未能獲得更高級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)所需的基礎(chǔ)教育。結(jié)果，教育赤字阻礙了許多拉美人的發(fā)展，也阻礙了國家的發(fā)展?！盇saresult表示結(jié)果，前一句提到了原因，前后句為因果關(guān)系。故“教育赤字”是指上文所提到的“很多拉丁裔人沒有接受很好的教育”。答案D

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“Forthisreason,theeducationalupliftofArizona’shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate’sagenda.由于這個(gè)原因，亞利桑那州龐大的拉丁裔人口的教育提升必須提到該州議程的中心位置?？芍狟項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto（

）interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assemble

B.generate

C.yield

D.gather

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assemble“集合”；generate“引起，產(chǎn)生”；yield“屈服”；gather“收集”。句意：電視上的廣泛報(bào)道引起了大家對(duì)各種各樣的體育活動(dòng)的興趣。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

27.單選題

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cultivate“培養(yǎng)，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；assist“幫助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：這所大學(xué)的老師花很多努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生說外語的習(xí)慣。A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

28.單選題

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心經(jīng)營地”。句意：兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的科學(xué)家?guī)缀跬瑫r(shí)發(fā)明了相同的東西，這讓政府部門很難決定將專利權(quán)授予誰。由后半句句意可知只有B項(xiàng)符合句意，即只有這兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的科學(xué)家同時(shí)發(fā)明了相同的東西時(shí)，政府才會(huì)難以抉擇。答案B

29.單選題

By（

）computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimtwothousanddollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coarse

B.rude

C.crude

D.rough

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)?，無禮