Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod4:DiscoveringUsefulStructuresBytheendofthislesson,youwillbeableto1.identify

theusesofinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributes2.useinfinitivestodescribespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace3.makeuseofinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributesinspecificsituationsLearningObjectivesDefinitionofinfinitives：不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式,由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等。Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.Activity1Itrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialSomescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplore

space.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough

toget

arelatedcollegedegree.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasattributeinfinitiveasattributeSomescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.2.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.Forexample,America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace,anditstilltransmitdatatoday.4.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.adverbialadverbialattributeattributeattributeFindoutmoreexamplesinthepassage“Space,theFinalFrontier,”with“todo”andanalyzethem.Activity25.…the

vehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface.6.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.

7.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.8.Europe,theUS,andChinaallhaveplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanets

likeMarsandJupiter.attributeadverbialadverbialattributeSendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?toachievetogetknowntostore“todo”astheattributeCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbracketsandanalyzeusageof“todo”.Activity3“todo”astheadverbial“thepastparticiple”astheattribute“todo”astheadverbialIsitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.tohelp“todo”astheadverbial作定語，一般置于被修飾詞之后用作后置定語，常用語desire、way、chance等名詞后。做狀語經(jīng)常用于形容詞后面，可以表示目的、結(jié)果或原因等。1.Agroupofyoungpeoplegatheredtogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年輕人聚集討論這個問題。2.Inordertohelphim,woulddoeverythingwecan.為了幫助他，我們將盡我們所能。目的狀語：置于句首或句末，為加強(qiáng)語氣，常與inorder或soas組成短語?！欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z時，其動作通常遲于謂語動詞的動作。例：Isaidthattoencouragehim.Inifitiveasadverbial1.Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我安靜地走路，以免打擾嬰兒。2.目的狀語：置于句首時只用todo/inordertodo.如用于表示否定，inorder或soas不能省略，用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。InifitiveasadverbialHeworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.=Heworkedhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他非常努力以便能通過考試3.不定式作目的狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句3.結(jié)果狀語：多見于“too...to（太...以不能）”；“enoughto...”；“onlytodo”“so/such...asto（如此...以至于）句型中。1.Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.2.Heisold

enough

togotoschool.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。

3.Sheissoproudas

tolookdownuponothers.

她太驕傲了，看不起別人。2.原因狀語：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+todo”句型中。

Shewasdisappointed

tohearthenews.她聽到新聞很失望。

InifitiveasadverbialChinabecamethe

thirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Heisalways

thefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleave

theschool.名詞前有first,last,next,only等詞以及最高級修飾時,其后要用動詞不定式作定語1.There’snothing

toworry

about.2.Ihavesomethingimportanttodealwith.不定代詞something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語不定式與被修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系，且句子中有該不定式的邏輯主語時，該不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義；若不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，須加相應(yīng)的介詞。3.Ihavealotofworktodo.4.Heisanicepersontoworkwith.4.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdream

toexplore

space.5.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexplore

theuniverseneverdied.6.Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.7.Wemusthavethecouragetoface

thechallenge.8.Incollege,therearesomanygoodchancestomeet

yourexpectations.抽象名詞attempt,ability,chance,desire,courage,wish,determination,decision,plan,promise,time,way等后面常用不定式作后置定語Findoutinfinitiveswhosefunctionisattributive1.Chinabecamethe

thirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalmtoworkinspace.3.Thewholeprocessistoocomplicatedtoexplain

inafewwords.4.Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.5.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdream

toexplorespace.6.TheShenzhouXIVcrewwillworkwithgroundcontrollerstoconnecttheWentianandMengtianspacelabswiththeTianhemodule.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoingSummary動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)Rewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicizedpartsaccordingly.1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

____________________________.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater__________________________________________________.3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

=Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehave____________________________.4.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.=Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday________________________________________.togetmarriedinspaceto/inorderto/soastorecycleitforlaterusedreamedtoflyintospaceto/inorderto/soastostayhealthyExerciseonPage42Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal_____________(achieve).

One

of

the

problemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,____________(use)currenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears___________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_____________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_____________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheansweryet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas____________(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpExerciseonPage42Rewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicizedpartsaccordingly.5.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.=Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace_______________________________________________________________.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.=Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly_____________________________________________

.to/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoffto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolExerciseonPage42Findoutinfinitiveswhosefunctionisattributive1.Chinabecamethe

thirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalmtoworkinspace.3.Thewholeprocessistoocomplicatedtoexplain

inafewwords.4.Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.5.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdream

toexplorespace.6.TheShenzhouXIVcrewwillworkwithgroundcontrollerstoconnecttheWentianandMengtianspacelabswiththeTianhemodule.1.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.4.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.5.Ihavealotofbooks__________(read).tobecompletedtobemadetochangetoexploretoreadExercise6.Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.7.Theability_________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.

8.It’simportantforthefigures____________(update)regularly.9.Birds’singingisawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.10.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_________(employ)asecurityofficer.tobeproducedtoexpresstostaytobeupdatedtoemploy11.________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.12.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_______(find)itdidn’tfit.13.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclass_________(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.14.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.15.Thismachineisveryeasy_________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.16.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.TomaketofindtohelptobetoldtooperatetofindHello,mydearfriends!Iamgreatlyhonoured________(share)theeventwithyou.Thethemeoftheactivityis___________(introduce)Chinesetraditionalculture.Duringthismonth,therewillb