Lead-inbookfivemoduleoneReadingandSpeaking哈爾濱第十一中學(xué)孫宇實(shí)Readthefirstparagraphandfindoutthetopicsentenceandthenfillinblanks.Topicsentence:Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Americansdrive___________downfreewaysandfillupwithgas.TheBritishdrivecarsalong_________andfillupwith________.

Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheundergroundinLondonorthe_______inNewYork,ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)or_____(American).automobilesmotorwayspetrolsubwaycabThesecondparagraphofthepassageandfindoutthetopicsentenceandthenfillinblanks.Americansusea_________,whilefortheBritish,it’satorch.TheBritishqueueup;Americans______________.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.______,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;inthestateschipsaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthese_____.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveare_____________ontheothersideoftheAtlantic.flashlightstandinlinecrispsFrenchfriesChipsTopicsentence:Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Readthethirdparagraphfindoutthetopicsentencesandfillinblanks.BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishHaveyougot…?Mheteam/attheweekendwritemesoon!Topicsentence:ThereareafewdifferencesinGrammar,too.Doyouhave…?Myfriendhasjustarrivedontheteam/weekendWritetomesoon!Readthefourthparagraphandcheckthefollowingstatements.1.Americansprefercenter,color,andprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.T2.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheWestCoastoftheUS.3.GeorgeBernardShawisafamousBritishwriter.FFCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbs.Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarieties__________(move)closertogether.aremoving2.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantic_____________(develop)steadily.3.UsersofEnglish____________(beableto)understandeachother－wherevertheyare.havedevelopedwillbeabletoOrganizationofthetext1.WhichparagraphstellthewaysinwhichBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferent?ParagraphOne,Two,ThreeandFour.2.Whichparagraphspredictthefutureofthesetwovarieties?ParagraphFive,SixandSeven.Fillintheblanksandretellitaccordingtoit.There’refourwaysinwhichBritishandAmericanEnglish________fromeachother.Thefirstandmost________wayisinthevocabulary.Ingrammarthere’reafew__________.TheBritishsayHaveyougot…?______AmericanspreferDoyouhave…?TheBritishuseprepositions______Americanssometimes______them.Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwo_________aredifferentarespellingandpronunciation.Butformorethanacenturycommunicationshavedeveloped_______.ThankstosatelliteTVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentomanyEnglishesatthe______ofaswitch.Soexpertsbelievethatthetwoaremoving______.differobviousdifferenceswhilewhereomitvarietiessteadilyflickcloserLanguagepoints1.WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays,exceptofcourse,language.我們?cè)诟鱾€(gè)方面與美國(guó)差不多，當(dāng)然，語(yǔ)言除外。與某人有許多相同之處：haveeverything/alot/muchincommonwithsb.我們彼此有很多共同之處。Wehavealotincommonwitheachother.和很多人一樣，他喜歡古典音樂(lè)不喜歡流行音樂(lè)。Incommonwithmanypeople,heprefersclassicalmusictopop.havesome/alittle/nothingincommonwithsb與某人有一些/一點(diǎn)兒/無(wú)任何相似之處incommon共用的incommonwithsb.和……一樣It’scommonlybelievedthat…大家普遍認(rèn)為It’scommonlyacknowledgedamongsb.that..眾所周知commonsense/knowledge常識(shí)commondisease常見(jiàn)病commonmistakes常犯的錯(cuò)誤commonsaying俗話

辨析:commonordinarygeneralusual(1)common強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見(jiàn)的，不足為奇的”(2)ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的，平淡無(wú)奇的”(3)general意為“普遍的，一般的，公眾的”(4)usual一貫如此的，習(xí)慣性的except除了……之外辨析：except,besides,exceptfor,exceptthat,but(1)except

除去……之外（不再有），表示從整體中除去一部分，除去的是同一類事物，常與no,all,none,nothing,everything,anything等連用，一般不位于句首。(2)besides

除……以外（還有）。(3)exceptfor

除了……（表示對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明，而且前后提到的事物往往不同類）(4)exceptthat

除了……以外，后接句子。對(duì)已說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步作詳細(xì)解釋，而且前后提到的事物往往不同類(5)but

表示除了……以外時(shí)有時(shí)可與except通用。需要特別注意的but固定短語(yǔ)：havenochoicebuttodosth.除了做某事以外別無(wú)選擇。havenothingtodobutdosth.只得做某事butfor如果不是……

can’thelpbutdosth.不得不做。2.AmericaandEnglandaretwocountriesdividedbyacommonlanguage.divide指把整體分成部分，常與into/between/among連用。e.g.Let’sdividethecakeintothree.separate

把不同的人或物分開(kāi)，常與from連用。e.g.Theteacherseparatedtheboysfromthegirls.3.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinmanyways.(1)differentadj.不同的bedifferentinsth在……方面不同bedifferentfromsb與某人不同differencen差異，差別，分別tellthedifference分辨，區(qū)分differvi.不同，相異differfrom與……不同differin在……方面不同differwith與……不一致thesame…as與……相同besimilarto類似于，與……相似他與他哥哥在愛(ài)好上是如此的不同。Heissodifferentfromhisbrotherinhobbies.Hedifferssomuchfromhisbrotherinhobbies.你能分辨出這對(duì)雙胞胎不同的地方嗎？Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweenthetwins?這個(gè)錢包與我昨天丟的那個(gè)很像。ThispurseissimilartotheoneIlostyesterday.這個(gè)錢包就是我昨天丟的那個(gè)。ThispurseisthesameastheoneIlostyesterday.ChoosethebestanswerCanyouthinkofasituationinwhichthetwo______fromeachother.A.differsB.differC.differentD.difference

A(2)in…way(s)在……方面這是被政治經(jīng)濟(jì)法律所證明了的。Itisprovedinthefollowingways:politics,economyandculture.4.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.辨析：obvious

指極為明顯的、大家都能夠看見(jiàn)的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)不需要說(shuō)明或論證。

clear

清楚的，明白的既可以指事物清晰易見(jiàn)，也可以指人對(duì)事物清楚明白，強(qiáng)調(diào)不會(huì)引起誤會(huì)。5.Americansdrivesautomobilesdownfreewaysandfillupwithgas.美國(guó)人開(kāi)車沿高速公路行駛并加滿汽油。fillup裝滿;填滿他把水桶裝滿水。Hefilledupthebucketwithwater.6.Americansuseaflashlight,while

fortheBritishit’satorch.美國(guó)人用的是flashlight(手電筒)而英國(guó)人則用torch(手電筒)。

while:然而;而;而且。此處表對(duì)比。他喜歡打籃球,而我喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。Helikesplayingbasketball,whileIlikelisteningtomusic.

7....ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American).prefertodo…更愿意/喜歡做……prefer+doing/todosth.寧愿做某事

sb.todosth.寧愿某人做某事

…to…喜歡……不喜歡……doing…todoing…寧愿做……

而不愿做……todo…ratherthando…寧愿做……而不愿做……

e.g.我寧愿坐公共汽車去。

Iprefergoingbybus.

我喜愛(ài)騎馬勝過(guò)射擊。Ipreferhorse-ridingtoshooting.她寧愿和我們一起去，而不愿留下。Shepreferredtogowithusratherthanbeingleftalone.

Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.confusing（物）令人迷惑的指物令人感到困惑的。confused(人）迷惑不解的指人感到不知所措的，困惑的。

Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;inthestateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.forexample

一般例舉一個(gè)例子，位置較靈活，前后常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。suchas

可以舉一個(gè)或多個(gè)例子，其后一般為名詞，為不完全舉例，放在列舉事物前。namely/thatis

用于完全舉例。10.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:compare

ontheend,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).介詞也不同:把美國(guó)的

ontheend,ontheweekend

與英國(guó)的intheteam,attheweekend比較一下。comparecompareAwithB把A和B進(jìn)行比較。在今天的課堂上我們的老師比較了李白和杜甫。Intoday’sclass,ourteachercomparedLiBaiwithDuFu.

(2)compareAtoB把A比作B莎士比亞把世界比作舞臺(tái)。Shakespeare

compares

theworldtoastatus.(3)comparedwith/to與……相比(在句中常作狀語(yǔ))與很多婦女相比她確實(shí)很出名。Comparedwith/tomanywomen,shewasindeedveryfamous._____________ChinawiththePacificOcean,wecanfindChinaistoosmall._____________withthePacificOcean,Chinaistoosmall.ComparingCompared11.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.omitvt.刪去，略去，排除omittodosth.忘記做某事，故意不做某事omitdoingsth.忽略做某事，故意不做某事omitsth.刪去/遺漏某物omitfrom從……中刪去12.Americanspellingseemssimpler.seem好像以客觀為依據(jù)主要句型：

Itseemsthat/asif…;seemtodo/adj./prep.look以視覺(jué)印象為依據(jù)主要句型：

Itlooksasif…;look+adj./prep.appear多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)與事實(shí)不相符主要句型：

Itappearsthat…;appeartodo/adje.g.看起來(lái)你會(huì)贏的。Itseemsthatyouwillwin.他看起來(lái)好像生病了，因?yàn)樗哪樅芗t。Helookedasifhewasill,becausehisfacewasveryred.你母親六十歲了，但是她看起來(lái)年輕許多。Yourmotherissixtyyearsold,butsheappearsalotyounger.13.Theaccent,whichismostsimilarto

BritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.這種對(duì)英國(guó)英語(yǔ)來(lái)講非常相似的口音可以在美國(guó)的東部沿海一帶聽(tīng)到。issimilarto類似于,與……相似我的新衣服和你的那件相似。Mynewdressissimilar

totheoneyouhave.

14.Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuch

variationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.畢竟,兩個(gè)國(guó)家境內(nèi)的發(fā)音的差別可能跟兩國(guó)之間的發(fā)音差別一樣多。(1)afterall畢竟;仍然:我們?nèi)匀贿x擇乘飛機(jī)。Wechosetotakeaplaneafterall.終究;最終:天氣終于轉(zhuǎn)晴了。

Ithasturnedouttobeanicedayafterall.

(2)asmuch/manyas意思是“多達(dá)……,……之多”,as…as中間常接形容詞或副詞原形,即

as+adj./adv.+as。這次旅行的費(fèi)用高達(dá)50,000人民幣。Thecostofthetripisasmuchas50,000yuan.

as…as…在否定句中也可將第一個(gè)as換成so。邁克不如他姐姐聰明。Mikeisnotso/asclever

ashissister.15.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.倫敦的居民聽(tīng)懂來(lái)自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人的話要比聽(tīng)懂一個(gè)紐約人的話難得多。

havedifficultyindoingsth.withsth.干某事有困難你英語(yǔ)（學(xué)習(xí)）上有困難嗎？DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?政府很難說(shuō)服人們離開(kāi)他們的村莊。Thegovernmenthadgreatdifficulty

inpersuadingpeopletoleavetheirvillages.

16.Thisinternationaldimensionsuggeststhatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Engli