課時(shí)分層作業(yè)（二十三）I.閱讀理解A（2021?廣東局部重點(diǎn)中學(xué)調(diào)研考試）W?淞Onisthelongest-runningliteraryjournalofwritingforkidsinNewZealand.Wecelebratethebestofchildren?swritingandprovideanopportunityforpublication.Themagazineispublishedtwiceyearlyinwinterandsummer.NewCompetitionforIssue55：WhatYearIsIt?We'vehadenoughof2020already!Soyourchallengeistowriteastoryofupto400wordssetinANYOTHERYEAR.Thatcouldbe2019,5BC,or3020!Thetrickwilllandusrightinthemiddleofthemostimportantpartofthestory!ThankstoScorpioBooks'generosity,theprizesforthecompetitionareasfollows：YEARS4—6:Twowinnerswillreceivea$20ScorpioBooksvoucher（代金券）.YEARS7—8:Twowinnerswillreceivea$30ScorpioBooksvoucher.YEARS9—10:Twowinnerswillreceivea$50ScorpioBooksvoucher.CompetitionSubmissionGuidelines,TermsandConditionsAllsubmissionsmustbemadeviathisonlineform.Pleaseformatyourworkinsize12,TimesNewRoman,black.Only.doeor?pdffilesareaccepted.?Pleaserulepicturesout-letyourwonderfulwritingcreatethepictures.?Allentrieswillbejudgedblind,sopleasedon'twritedownyournameorschoolonyourentry.?Theentryfeeis$5perentryor$25forsixentriesfromaschool.?WinningentrieswillcomeoutinIssue55,aboutoneandahalfmonthsaftertheclosingdateofOctober23.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Write0〃雜志的基本情況及其最新的征文比賽的主題、獎(jiǎng)品、要求等。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了高效交流的幾項(xiàng)技巧——有效聆聽、利用好不同類型的交流反響、使用恰當(dāng)?shù)闹w語言和眼神接觸。C［考查上下文銜接。本空是一個(gè)過渡句。結(jié)合空后一句中的“Peoplewhowanttodevelopthoseskillscanlearnhowtodothis”可知，空處應(yīng)提到skills并說明學(xué)習(xí)這些技巧的好處，因此C項(xiàng)符合語境。］G［考查段落主旨句。本空是一個(gè)中心句。通讀本段可知，本段主要講的是高效交流技巧之有效聆聽，又結(jié)合下段的中心句中的“Anothertip”可知，G項(xiàng)適合作本段的中心句。］E［考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前的“Activelisteninginvolvesapersonlisteningcarefullyandattentivelytothepersonspeaking,restatingwhattheotherpersonhassaid"可知，有效聆聽更關(guān)注聽而不是給建議。］F［考查總結(jié)句。該段首句表述另一個(gè)高效交流的技巧是利用好反響。空前舉例說明了如何獲取反響，故空處應(yīng)說明利用反響的好處。F項(xiàng)符合語境"B［考查上下文銜接。空前提到“bodylanguageandeyecontact",這些都是不用語言表達(dá)的。且空后舉例說明了使用肢體語言和眼神接觸的好處，故空處應(yīng)是表述肢體語言和眼神接觸的作用。B項(xiàng)符合語境。］Whatdoweknowaboutthecompetition?Itisaimedatforeigners.Itisheldeverytwoyears.Itisfreeforallparticipants.ItissupportedbyScorpioBooks.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NewCompetitionforIssue55:WhatYearIsIt?局部中的“ThankstoScorpioBooks'generosity,HCScorpioBooksvoucher”可知，比賽的獎(jiǎng)品是由ScorpioBooks提供的，也就是說比賽受到了ScorpioBooks的贊助，故選D。］Whatistherequirementforthecompetitors?SendingtheirworksonlyasPDFs.B?Submittingtheirworksbymail.Attachingnopicturestotheirworks.Includingtheirnamesontheirworks.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CompetitionSubmissionGuidelines,TermsandConditions吉卜分中的“Pleaserulepicturesout—letyourwonderfulwritingcreatethepictures.”可知，參賽作品是不能帶有圖片的，應(yīng)選C。］Whatbenefitcanthewinnersgetfromthecompetition?GettingtheirworkspublishedinDecember.Receivingfreecopiesofthemagazine.Beingawardedatleast$20incash.HavingachancetotourNewZealand.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CompetitionSubmissionGuidelines,TermsandConditions每F分中的"WinningentrieswillcomeoutinIssue55,aboutoneandahalfmonthsaftertheclosingdateofOctober23.“可知，作品提交的截止日期是10月23日，獲勝者的作品將在大約一個(gè)半月之后（即12月）出版在第55期的Write0〃雜志上，應(yīng)選A。］B（2021?南通市調(diào)研測(cè)試）In1991,KeithWhitewasatthecentreofa14-vehiclepile-upwhenatruckcrossedthecentralreservationandhitthevaninwhichhewasapassenger.Whitesurvived,buthisleftarmwascrushedbeyondrepair,andhelosthismemoryfortwoyears.Hispilotlicensewasremovedandhecouldnolongerfollowhispassionfordiving.Buthehadbeensailingsincehewas16,andso,in2004,hedecidedtobuyaboat,fittingitoutsohecouldsailsingle-handedly."Ididn'tknowatthatpointifIcouldsailwithonehand,“hesays."ButatthebackofmymindIhadalwaysthoughtIcoulddoanythingifIputmymindtoit.”Withinayear,Whitetookonthechallengeofbeingthefirstone-armedsailortocircumnavigate（環(huán)繞航行）theBritishIsles.ThenhecrossedtheAtlanticalonein2008.Lastyearhebecamethefirstsailorwithadisabilitytocircumnavigatetheglobe.Sailingsingle-handedlyforweeksrequiresmental,aswellasphysicalstrength,especiallywhenyouarealone.Sohowdoeshedoit?It，saquestionthatmakestheyachtsman（帆船比賽選手）laugh."Whenyouhavesevenchildren,ifslovelytohavealittletimeonyourown!It'sawesome,“hejokes."Idoalogeveryhour,andmydiary,andIreadafewbooks.Ihaveverylittlesleep.”“I'masociableperson:Idolikelotsofpeoplearound.Answeringemailsandchattingoversocialmediacanhelpstopanyloneliness,“headds.WhenWhitemadehisfirstAtlanticcrossing,hewasdisappointedtohavehispeaceandquietbrokenbyhisarrivalonland.But,hesays,hethrewhimselfintomeetingnewpeople.Inbetweenadventures,helikessailingwithpeoplewhohaven'ttrieditbeforeorgettinginvolvedinyachtraceswithfriends.Perhapsthemainreasonforhissuccessinadjustingtolifeafterabigadventure,hesays,isthathealwayshasanideaforanewone."Itkeepsmetickingover-there，salwayssomethingnewtodo.Ijustlikechallengesandoneleadstoanother.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了因車禍被軋斷左臂的KeithWhite不放棄對(duì)航海的追求，成為世上首位成功環(huán)球航行的殘疾人的故事。Whycouldn，tWhitecontinuehispassionfordiving?Helosthisleftarm.Hislicensewasdue.Hehadanewhobby.Hismemorywaspoor.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段第一句的內(nèi)容可知，White不能潛水的原因是他失去了左臂。］HowdidWhitespendhistimeatsea?Bystayingawake.Byvisitingoldfriends.C?Bykeepinghimselfbusy.D.Byattendingtohischildren.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的力doalog.??afewbooks.”可知，White在海上航行時(shí)讓自己很忙碌，故答案為C。］WhatmainlyleadstoWhite，ssuccessfuladjustmenttolifeafterabigadventure?Socializingwithnewpeople.Schedulingnewadventures.C?Coachingnewyachtsmen.D?Organizingyachtraces.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的uPerhapsthemainreasonforhissuccessinadjustingtolifeafterabigadventure,hesays,isthathealwayshasanideaforanewone.”可知，他在一次大的冒險(xiǎn)后成功適應(yīng)生活的主要原因是他總是安排新的冒險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)選B。］WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKeithWhite?A.Creative.B.Humorous.C?Easy-going.D?Adventurous.D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段可知，KeithWhite在失去一只手臂的情況下還單獨(dú)進(jìn)行了環(huán)球航行，這足以說明他具有冒險(xiǎn)精神，故答案為Do］C（2021?山東局部重點(diǎn)中學(xué)綜合考試）It'scommonthataJapanese-Americanbowsonthephone—butonlyinJapanese.Behaviorsandmannerscanbecomesoroutinethattheyappearevenwhenthere?snoneedforthem.Thosewhoarebilingualandbiculturalknowfirst-handthathowwebehavecandependonwhatlanguagewearespeaking.Expertshaveshownthatwhoyouareinthemomentcandependonthelanguageyouareusingatthattime.Thisisbecausewhenyouhaveanexperience,thelanguageyouareusingbecomesassociatedwithit.Forbilingualpeople,thismeanscertainmemoriesaremorecloselyassociatedwithonelanguagethantheother-aphenomenoncalledlanguage-dependentmemory.Forexample,achildhoodmemoryismorelikelytoberememberedwhenthelanguagespokenduringthatchildhoodeventisspokenagain.Howwethinkandfeelcanthuschangedependingonwhatlanguageweareusing.Forexample,peoplewhoarebilingualhaveanintensifiedstressresponsewhenlisteningtothewordsofscoldinginanativelanguage.Thismaybe,inpart,becauseourearlymemoriesassociatedwithlearninga"bad"wordorbeingscoldedbyourparentshappenedinournativelanguage.Becauseemotionsplayakeyroleinhowwemakedecisions,peopleareoftenmoresensiblewhenmakingchoicesinthelessemotionalforeignlanguage.Whenaskedwhethertheywouldbewillingtogiveuponeperson?slifetosaveagroup,peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguagearemuchmorelikelytosay“yes”whenansweringinaforeignlanguage.Theunpleasantfeelingsthatcanpreventusfrommakingdifficultchoicesarereducedwhenwe'reusinganon-nativelanguage.Thelanguagewespeakhasaninfluenceonhowwethink,feel,andevenbehave.Inaway,knowingdifferentlanguagescanprovidepeoplewithavarietyofviewsthroughwhichtoseetheworld.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在的身份取決于我們現(xiàn)在使用的語言。我們說的語言會(huì)影響我們的思維、感覺和行為。WhyistheexampleofaJapanese-Americanmentioned?Toshowtheinfluenceofcultureishuge.ToshowbowingisJapanesepeople'sroutine.ToshowJapanesepeoplearepoliteonthephone.Toshowone，suseoflanguageaffectsonesbehavior.D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，日裔美國人在中鞠躬是很常見的，但只有在講日語時(shí)才這樣做。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，那些會(huì)說兩種語言的二元文化的人直接了解我們的行為取決于我們說哪種語言。據(jù)此可知，文章開篇以日裔美國人為例旨在說明個(gè)人對(duì)語言的使用影響自身的行為。故D項(xiàng)正確。］Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensified“inparagraph3mean?A.Worse.B.Better.C.Increased.D.Limited.C［詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，在某種程度上，這可能是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)缙诘?、與學(xué)習(xí)“壞”單詞或被父母責(zé)罵有關(guān)的這些記憶都是用母語進(jìn)行的，結(jié)合畫線詞所在的句子可知，會(huì)說兩種語言的人在聽到用母語說的責(zé)罵的話時(shí)，壓力反響會(huì)增強(qiáng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。］Whenapersonspeaksaforeignlanguage,heislikelyto?makeasounddecisionB-preventhimselffromdangerbeinfluencedbyotherpeoplehavedifficultymakingdecisionsA［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，因?yàn)榍榫w在我們?nèi)绾巫鰶Q定中起著關(guān)鍵作用，人們?cè)谑褂貌荒敲从懈腥玖Φ耐庹Z做選擇時(shí)通常會(huì)更理智。據(jù)此可以判斷，一個(gè)人說外語時(shí)可能會(huì)做出明智的決定，故A項(xiàng)正確。］Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.YouAreActuallyWhatYouAreSpeakingB.NativeLanguagesMakePeopleSpeakMoreC?DifferentLanguagesHaveDifferentInfluencesD.SpeakYourNativeLanguageinOtherCountriesA［標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了我們現(xiàn)在的身份取決于我們現(xiàn)在使用的語言。我們說的語言會(huì)影響我們的思維、感覺和行為。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。］DWhenwelonglivetogether,wequicklylearntoforeseethenear-termbehaviorsofourco-workersorfamilymembers.Ourabilitytopredicttheactionsofothersmakesiteasiertosuccessfullyliveandworktogether.Incontrast,eventhemostintelligentandadvancedrobotshaveremainedineptatthissortofcommunication.Thismaybeabouttochange.Thestudy,conductedbyMechanicalEngineeringProfessorHodLipson,ispartofabroaderefforttoproviderobotswiththeabilitytounderstandandpredictwhatotherswant.Theresearchersfirstbuiltasubjectrobotandplaceditinaplaypen.Theyprogrammedtherobottoseekandmovetowardsanygreencircleitcouldsee.Buttherewasahiddendifficulty:Sometimestherobotcouldseeagreencircleinitscameraandmovedirectlytowardsit.Butothertimes,thegreencirclewouldbeblockedbyatallredcardboardbox,inwhichcasetherobotwouldmovetowardsadifferentgreencircle,ornotatall.After“researching”itspartneronscreenlong,thenewrobotwaseventuallyabletogetitspartner'sgoalandpath98outof100times,acrossvaryingsituations.Whenstartingtheexperiment,theresearchersexpectedtherobotmightlearntomakepredictionsaboutthesubjectrobot5snear-termactions.Whattheresearchersdidn'texpect,however,washowaccuratelyitcouldforeseethemoveswithonlyafewsecondsofvideo.uOurinitialresultsareveryexciting,showinghowrobotscanseetheworldfromanotherrobot，sview,“saysLipson."Theunderstandingabilityofthenewrobotisperhapsaprimitiveformofsensingothers'feelings,whichweallcando.”Meanwhile,heacknowledgesthere'remanymoralquestions.Thetechnologywillmakerobotsmoreadaptableandusefulandnolongerpassiveinstruction-followingmachines,butwhenrobotscanpredicthowhumansthink,theymayalsolearntocontrolorinfluencethosethoughts.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。當(dāng)人類長(zhǎng)時(shí)間生活在一起時(shí)，他們很快就能夠預(yù)測(cè)身邊人的行動(dòng)。相比之下，即使是最智能的機(jī)器人在這方面也依然一頭霧水。但一種新型的機(jī)器人學(xué)會(huì)了這一技能，通過觀察，它可以預(yù)測(cè)機(jī)器人下一步的動(dòng)作和意圖。Whatdoes“inept”underlinedinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Cautious.B.Smart.C.Active.D.Poor.D［詞義猜想題。畫線詞前提到人在一起生活的時(shí)間久了，就能知曉對(duì)方下一步的動(dòng)作和意圖。根據(jù)上文的“Incontrast”及下文的"Thismaybeabouttochange.”和有關(guān)機(jī)器人的新能力的研究可知，畫線詞所在句與前面的內(nèi)容存在比照關(guān)系，表示相比之下，即使是最智能、最先進(jìn)的機(jī)器人在這種交流上仍然還很笨拙、很不擅長(zhǎng)。inept意為“缺乏技巧的，無能的，笨拙的"，D項(xiàng)能解釋其含義。］Whatistheexperimentdesignedtofind?Howarobotmovestowardthetargetedobject.B?Whetherarobotcanpredictotherrobots'goals.Whetherrobotscanworktogetherlikehumans.Howpreciselyarobotforeseesitspartner'smoves.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的“Thestudy,conducted...ispartofabroaderefforttoproviderobotswiththeabilitytounderstandandpredictwhatotherswant."uWhenstartingtheexperiment,theresearchersexpectedtherobotmightlearntomakepredictionsaboutthesubjectrobot'snear-termactions.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是要看看機(jī)器人是否能夠預(yù)測(cè)機(jī)器人的行動(dòng)和打算。］Howdoestherobotgaintheunderstandingability?Bycommunication.Byfollowingitscamera.Byvisualobservation.Byexperiencingvarioustests.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的uAfter'researching'itspartneronscreenlong"“howaccuratelyitcouldforeseethemoveswithonlyafewsecondsofvideo”可知，機(jī)器人通過視覺觀察獲得了理解和預(yù)測(cè)其他機(jī)器人的行動(dòng)的能力。］WhatdoesLipsonthinkofthenewrobot?Itbearshumancharacteristics.Ithassomekindofmoralvalues.Itmightreplacehumanbeings.Itisaninstruction-followingmachine.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Theunderstandingabilityofthenewrobotisperhapsaprimitiveformofsensingothers'feelings,whichweallcando”可知，在Lipson看來，這種新型的機(jī)器人具有人的特性，它的理解能力可能是人類感知他人感受的一種原始形式。]II.閱讀七選五（2021?湖南省四校調(diào)研聯(lián)考）Beingabletocommunicateeffectivelywithothersisanessentialskillforpeopleofallages.]Peoplewhowanttodevelopthoseskillscanlearnhowtodothisfromself-helpbooks,workshops,andfromtheadviceofotherpeople.2Activelist