北京中考閱讀----議論文架構(gòu)典例分析：D2021北京一模：論題：IsWritingNotesbyHandBetterthanTyping?Manycollegestudentshavegivenuptakingclassnotesbyhand.Instead,theytypeonlaptoportabletcomputers.ButscientistsfromPrincetonUniversityandtheUniversityofCaliforniasaythatthismethodislesseffective.Viewpoint論點論據(jù)1：Ifyouneedtoremembersomething,writeit.Writingnotesbyhandismuchbetterforlong-termmemoryofideas,orconceptual(概念上的)information.Thatisthefindingofa2014studypublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience.So,turnoffyourcomputerifyouwanttoremembersomething.論據(jù)2Computerscantakeyourattentionawayfromyourwork.Theycanbedistracting.Computersprovidethechancetosendaquickmessagetoafriend,checkasports’score,shoporwatchafunnycatvideo.Butscientistssaycomputersmayhurtperformanceinschool,calledacademicperformance.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhotypenotesonakeyboardoftentranscribe,orwritedownwhattheprofessorsayswordforword.Theymaywritewithoutreallythinkingaboutwhattheyarewriting.Theseelectronicnotescontainedmorewords.論證：Butscientistssayitleadsto“mindlesstranscription”.Transcriptionmeanstorecordsomethingexactlyasyouhearit.論證However,studentstakingnoteslonghand,orbywritingthem,needtofirstprocesstheinformationtheyhear.Thentheyrecordjustthemainpoints,orsummarize.Theyusefewerwords.Thisisbecausepeopleusuallywriteslowerthantheytype.Thisprocessofsummarizinginformationleadstoadeeperunderstanding.實驗論證Inthestudy,studentslistenedtoateacherandthentookatest.Sometooknotesbytypingonacomputer.Theotherstooknotesbywritingthemdown.Bothgroupsperformedaboutthesameinrememberingfacts.論證結(jié)果Butstudentswhotypedtheirnotesdidmuchworseonconceptualquestions.Thesequestionsrequiredthemtounderstandanidea.Also,researchersfoundthatthosewhowrotetheirnotesrememberedconceptualinformationbetteraweeklater.Researchersbelievethatthestudentswhowrotenoteslonghandhadadeeperunderstandingofideasandconcepts.Scientistsknowthatstudentsprobablywillstillusetheirlaptopsandtabletsinclass.Buttheysuggestusingsomeoftheavailabletechnologiesforwritingnotesbyhandoncomputerscreens.Theysaythismightbeagoodcompromise(折中)betweenoldschoolandnewschool.論證結(jié)論Thisresearchwascontainedinaclassroom.Butthefindingsmaybevaluableforanyonewantingtoremembermoreofwhattheyread,hearorsee.30.Accordingtothepassage,howdomanycollegestudentstakeclassnotes?A.Theytypeonlaptoportabletcomputers.B.Theymemorizetheinformationinmind.C.Theywritedownthenotesonnotepaper.D.Theyrecordtheinformationwithrecorders.31.Theword“transcribe”inParagraph3probablymeans“______”.A.thinkaboutwhattheyarewritingB.writedownjustthemainpointsC.misunderstandwhattheyhearD.recordeverythingtheyhear32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Studentswhotakenotesonacomputerusuallyusefewerwords.B.Studentswhotakenotesbywritingdoworseinrememberingfacts.C.Studentswhotakenotesbywritinghaveadeeperunderstandingofideas.D.Studentswhotakenotesonacomputerrememberthingsbetteraweeklater.33.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toshowabetterwayoftakingnotesforlong-termmemory.B.Tosuggeststudentsusingmoretechnologiesforstudy.C.Topointoutthedisadvantagesofusingcomputers.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftakingnotes.典例分析2：2021海淀二模DIntoday’sclimate,industriesoftentalkaboutthenewpopularwordofthisage,bigdata.Bigdatareferstodataingeneral.mostlyunorganizedandunstructured.Theuseofbigdatahashugepotential(潛力)forvariousindustries,healthcareincluded.Facebook,Amazon,forexample,usebigdatafortheirdigitalstructurestomatchcustomerswiththeirinterests.論題SomeexpertsindiscussingbigdatahavedescribeditasthefourVs:Volumereferringtoalargeamountofdata;Velocityreferringtothetimelygenerationofdata;Varietyreferringtothemanyformsofdata;Veracityreferringtothequalityofthedata.正面論據(jù)：Someresearchersdiscussedthepotentialofbigdatainmedicinerecently.Forexample,bigdatacanbeusedtoimprovedecision-makingwhencombined(結(jié)合)withothernewtechnologylikeartificialintelligence(AI).Itispossiblethatbigdatacancombineclinical(臨床的)characteristics,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorswithAIinfutureclinicaltesting.However,thisremainsjustadaydreamatthe.presentmoment.Sofar,allbigdatatechniquesaremainlydescriptive.Inthefuture,withadvancedcomputationalpower,usingbigdatainmedicineispromising.反面論據(jù)However,bigdataalsohasitslimitations,andthereareseverallessonswemustlearnbeforeusingiteffectively.First,bigdataisneverwell-managedandcomeswithalargedegreeofmess.Thus,selectingthecorrecttechnologywithhumanpowertomanagebigdataisofimportance.Second,analytic(分析的)companiescanmisinterpret(誤釋)bigdatabyusingincorrectresearchquestionstotesttheirguessesorusingthewrongtooltoanalyzetherelateddata,resultingindeliveringfalsemessages.論證Surgisphere,anAmericananalyticcompany,isatypicalexampleofwhatcangowrongthroughtheanalysisofbigdata.Surgispherestatedthatitcollecteddatafromover1000hospitalsworldwide.Althoughthisispossibleandnewtechnologycancompletethistaskwithminimalhumanresources,itisdifficultthatthisdatacanbewell-managed.Inaddition,healthcaredataischallengingtoworkwith,asthecombiningofelectronicmedicalrecordsanddataprivacyaremajorproblems.AnotherexampleistheCambridgeanalyticcase(案例),wheredatagotfromFacebookwasusedwithoutpermission.論證結(jié)論Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry.Thisrequireswell-manageddata,relatedresearchquestions,appropriateanalytictools,andadvancedcomputationalpowers.Inthewronghands,bigdatacanbeabigthreatthatcanbringindustriesintodisorderasawhole.30.

According

to

the

passage,

Facebook

and

Amazon

use

big

data

to.A.

set

up

their

healthcare

industry B.

correct

their

digital

structuresC.

meet

customers’

preferences D.

increase

the

amount

of

data31.

What

can

we

learn

from

the

passage?A.

Big

data

in

me?icine

can

be

used

well

with

improved

computational

power.B.

Medical

records

and

data

privacy

are

well-managed

in

health

care.С.

The

data

was

misleading

in

the

Cambridge

analytic

case.D.

Amazon

used

the

related

data

without

false

messages.32.What

is

the

writer’s

main

purpose

in

writing

this

passage?A.

To