Unit1bookl3rdTowardaBrightFutureforAllI.Newwordspledge[pleds]n.保證,誓言vt.保證,許諾;keephispledgeAtthismoment,inthiselection,wemustpledgeoncemoretomarchintothefuture.在這ー時刻,在這次選舉中,我們必須再一次保證,向未來挺進。posevt.&vi..使擺姿勢;以…身份出現(xiàn);招搖;炫耀.提出;造成（威脅、問題等）;引起;產(chǎn)生n.姿態(tài);姿勢;裝腔作勢;偽裝Aftertheweddingweallposedforaphoto.工人運動對他們的利益造成了直接威脅。Theworkers'movementposesadirectthreattotheirinterests.routine[ru'tin]n.[if]程序;日常工作;例行公事adj.日常的；例行的早上8點到辦公室,一直呆到下午5點,這已經(jīng)成了我的慣例。Arrivingattheofficeat8a.m.andstayingthereuntil5p.m.hasbecomemyroutine.Theproblemwasdiscoveredduringaroutinecheck.例行檢查tain：holdattainv獲得（at加強動作+tain-?拿住了f獲得）attainablea可達到的（attain+ableー獲得attainmentn成就,造詣（attain獲得+mentー獲得的成就）同根詞containv包含,包容（con全部+tainf全部拿住f包容）obtainv獲得,達到（ob加強動作+tain-拿到f獲得）retainv維持,保留（re回+tair）f拿回來保留）sustainv支持;贍養(yǎng)（sus下面+tain?在下面拿住[撐住]f支持）entertainv招待;娛樂（enter在中間+tain-＞在[工作]中間拿）entertainment娛樂,款待maintainv維持;堅持（main[=man手]+tainー用手拿住堅持）maintenancen維護;堅持comprehensiveadj,綜合的;廣泛的;有理解力的comprehensiveevaluation綜合評價,綜合評價法comprehensiveanalysis綜合分析fascinatingfascinate[*faesineit]vt..（用個人的魅力、獨特的能力等等）迷住；使著迷；使陶醉,使神魂顛倒:Theactress'sbeautyfascinatedeveryone..使呆住,懾住…使動彈不得;蠱惑:Snakesaresaidtofascinatesmallanimals.據(jù)說蛇能蠱惑小動物。afascinatingtripPursue[pe'sju]vt.繼續(xù);從事;追趕;糾纏他想工作兩年以后再去讀學士學位。Hewantedtopursueabachelor'sdegreeafterworkingfortwoyears.Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.警方正在追捕一名越獄逃犯。pursuitn.overwhelm[aova'welm]vt.淹沒;壓倒;受打擊;覆蓋;壓垮Floodoverwhelmedthecity. 洪水淹沒了那座城市。Iwasoverwhelmedbysuchatemptation. 我經(jīng)受不住那樣的誘惑。beoverwhelmedby受不起,被征服,震撼beoverwhelmedwith淹沒于Mysoulisoverwhelmedwithsorrowtothepointofdeath.我心里甚是憂傷,幾乎要死Peoplewereoverwhelmedwithamazement."Hehasdoneeverythingwell,"theysaid."Heevenmakesthedeafhearandthemutespeak."分タト好奇availableadj.可獲得的;可購得的;可找到的;有空的Wemustutilizeallavailableresources.我們必須利用可以得到的一切資源。Wehaveasingleroomavailable.我們有一間單人房間可以租（給你）。MrLeachisonholidayandwasnotavailableforcomment.利奇先生休假了,不方便作出評論。sample英['sa:mpl]美[saempl]n.樣品;標本,榜樣;（化驗的）取樣;vt.取…的樣品,尤指用樣品來檢驗;品嘗;抽樣調(diào)查Wesampledaselectionofdifferentbottledwaters.我們品嘗了一系列不同品牌的瓶裝水。We'regivingaway2000freesamples, 我們正免費發(fā)放2,000份樣品。assume英@sjum］美［a'sum］vt.假定IassumethateverycollegestudenthasaccesstotheInternet.我以為每個大學生都可以使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。virtual英［,V3：tjual］美［V3：rtjual］adj.［計］虛擬的;實質(zhì)上的,事實上的（但未在名義上或正式獲承認）Uptofourplayerscancompeteinavirtualworldofroleplaying.Heclaimedtobeavirtualprisonerinhisownhome.yield［ji：ld］vt.屈服;出產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生;放棄n.產(chǎn)量；收益我們絕不會向征服者屈服。Weshallneveryieldtoaconqueror.Insteadofhighyield,however,theygotwaterandairpollution.transmittrans?表示“變換,改變,轉(zhuǎn)移”transplant移植（trans+plant種f轉(zhuǎn)移過去ー移植）transmit傳送,傳播（trans+mit送橫著送消息ー傳播）transformTransfertransmitMiss,mit=send,cast,表示“送,放出”commitv委托;委任（com共同+mitf共同送f委任）submitv使屈服;提出（sub下面+mitf送下去ー屈服）permitv許可,允許（per始終+mitf始終放出來ー許可）omitv省去,略去（〇出+mit—送出一省略）admitv許可入學等;承認（ad+mitf送來ー許可進入）Textstructure:（structuredwriting）Thepassagecanbedividedinto3parts.para.1-3）Openingpartofthewelcomespeech（para.4-7）Makingthebestofwhatyouhave.Challengingyourself.Facingnewexperiences.Opportunitiesandresponsibilities.（Para.8）Concludingremarksofthewelcomespeech.Detailedstudyofthetext.Aspresidentoftheuniversity,Iamproudtowelcomeyoutothisuniversity.句型1.Yourachievementisthetriumphofyearsofhardwork,bothofyourownandofyourparentsandteachers.（Para.1）Meaning:Yourenteringthisuniversityisanimportantsuccess.Thissuccessisduetomanyyearsofyourhardwork,andmanyyearsofyourparents'andteachers'hardwork..Inwelcomingyoutotheuniversity,Iamremindedofmyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotographmymomtookofmydadandme.（Para.2）Meaning:WhenIamwelcomingyoutothisuniversity,somethingIrememberismyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotomymomtookofmydadandme.Remindsb.ofsb./sth.makesb.remembersb.thattheyknoworsththathappenedinthepast.ThesongalwaysremindsmeofourholidayinMexico..Youwillmissyouroldroutinesandyourparents'reminderstoworkhard***Reminder:n.sththatmakesyounotice,remember;orthinkaboutsth.Thecoldservedasareminderthatwinterwasn'tquitefinished.寒冷的天氣提醒人們冬天還沒有過去。.Youhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithhighschool,andyourparentsmayhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithyourlaundry!FiguresofspeechInaspeech,thespeakercanemployavarietyoffiguresofspeechtomakehisspeechvividandpowerful,suchassimile,metaphor,contrast,parallelismandrepetition,parallelismInparallelism,coordinateideasarearrangedinwords,phrases,sentencesandparagraphstoemphasizeandpointoutrelations.Parallelstructurecanmakeaspeechpowerful,persuasiveandthought-provoking.Moreexamples:Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted（尊貴的）,everyhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrooked（彎曲的）placeswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andfleshshallseeittogether.我夢想有一天,我的四個孩子將生活在ー個不是以皮膚的顏色,而是以品格的優(yōu)劣作為評判標準的國家。我夢想有一天,深谷彌合,高山夷平,歧路化坦途,曲徑成通衢,上帝的光華再現(xiàn),普天下生靈共謁。Ifhedid,IamsorryInevertoldhim（我是多么對不起他,我是個多么不孝敬的兒子,我是多么后悔） howsorryIwas,howunworthyIwas,how\regretteditIthinkofthem（每當我因為ー些瑣事而怨天尤人的時候,每當我嫉妒別人運氣比我好的時候,每當我沒有一顆“好心"的時候）whenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother'sgoodfortune,whenIdon'thaveaagoodheartn6.Butknowthis：Thefutureisbuiltonastrongfoundationofthepast.(Para.3)Meaning:Butyoushouldknowthatyourfuturesuccesscanonlybeattainedwhenitisbuiltonasolidpast.7.Foryou,thesenextfouryearswillbeatimeunlikeanyother.(Para.4)Meaning:Foryou,thenextfouryearsinuniversitywillbedifferentfromanyotherperiodoftimeinyourlife.8.Youwilllearntogetbyverylittlesleep,...getby:過得去,勉強對付Hecangetbywithhisoldovercoatthiswinter.今年冬天他可以靠那件舊大衣勉強對付過去。9.makethemostof充分利用Youonlyhaveoneridethroughlifesomakethemostofitandenjoyit.生命是條單行道,你只能走ー次,所以好好利用,并且享受它吧。10.reapthebenefits受益,得享好處Keeponreadingextensively,andyouwillreapthebenefitssoonerorlater.繼續(xù)廣泛閱讀,你會受益的。11.Youmayfeeloverwhelmedbythewealthofcoursesavailabletoyou.(Para.5)Meaning:Whenfacingthelargenumberofcoursesthatyoucantakeatcollege,youmaynotknowhowtochoose.feeloverwhelmedby.不知所措Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.現(xiàn)如今,激烈的競爭讓許多年輕人不知所措。12.Youwillnotbeabletoexperiencethemall,butsamplethemwidely!(Para.5)Meaning:Youwillnotbeabletotakeallthecourses,buttryasmanydifferentcoursesaspossibletoseewhattheyarelike.13.IfIcouldgiveyouonlyonepieceofadviceaboutselectingcourses,itwouldbethis:Challengeyourself!句型314.inadvance開會時間如有變,請?zhí)崆案嬖V我們。Ifthere is anychangeabout thetimeofthemeeting,pleasenotifyusinadvance.15.standachanceof有機會,有希望在這種極端天氣下動物很難存活。Animalsstandlittlechanceofsurvivalundersuchextremeweather.16.Awonderfulexampleofthisisthefashiondesigner;VeraWang,whooriginallystudiedarthistory.句型417.Overtime,Wangpairedherstudiesinarthistorywithherloveoffashionandturneditintoapassionfordesign,which...Meaning:Gradually,Wangcombinedherstudiesinatrhistorywithherloveoffashionanddevelopeditintoapassionfordesign,...overtime:gradually不管是好是壞,事情慢慢都是要變的。Forgoodorbad,thingswillchangeovertime.pair:vt.puttwopeopleorthingstogether使成對,配對要是用高跟鞋來配這條連衣裙,你看上去就棒極了。Youwilllookwonderfulifyoupairthisdresswithhighheels.turn(sb./sth.)intosth.好萊塢發(fā)現(xiàn)了她,并把她變成了明星。Hollywooddiscoveredherandturnedherintoastar.18.allatonce:1)atthesametime她同時有兩個項目要做,三個班級要教,還有一個嬰兒要照顧。Shehadtwoprojectsathand,threeclassestoteach,andababytotakecareofallatonce.2)suddenlyandunexpectedly突然傳來重重的敲門聲。Allatoncetherewasaloudbangingonthedoor.19.earlybird:1)n.(infml)sb.whogetsupearlyinthemorningMymomisanearlybird shealwaysgetsupat5inthemorning.2)sb.whoarrivessomewhereordoessth.beforeotherpeople早至リ的人,捷足先登者Godowntothestoreasearlyasyoucanbecauseitistheearlybirdthatcatchestheworm.Ifyougetthereby10o'clock,thebeststuffwillhavebeensoldout.nightowl:[C](infml)夜貓子20.outweigh:vt.bemoreimportantorvaluablethansth.else這個新政策利大于弊。Theadvantagesofthenewpolicyoutweighthedisadvantages.21.So,withaglowinyoureyeandasonginyourheart,stepforwardtomeetthesenewexperiences!(Para.6)Meaning:Therefore,withtheexcitementandenthusiasmthatIknowyoumusthaveinyourheart,Iencourageyoutogoforwardfromhereandfacethisnewpartofyourlife!22.Wehaveconfidencethatyourjourneytoward...morethanpersonaladvancement.Meaning:Wefirmlybelievethatthiseducationalprocesswillhelpyoulearnagreatdealaboutyourself.Anditwillhelpyoufindyourownpassion.Thiswillnotonlybringaboutpersonaladvancement,butalsohelpyoubecomeacompleteperson.23.Webelievethatasyoubecomemembersourcommunityofscholars,youwillsooncometorealizethatwiththeabundantopportunitiesforself-enrichmentprovidedbytheuniversity,therealsocomeresponsibilities.Meaning:Webelievethatonceyoujoinourgroupofscholars,youwillsooncometorealizethatwhiletheuniversityoffersyousomanychancesforpersonaldevelopment,therecomedutiesaswell.24.Awisemansaid:Z/Educationissimplythesoulofasocietyasitpassesfromonegenerationtoanother/(Para.7)Meaning:Awisemansaidthateducationistrulythespiritandheartofasocietybecauseitpassesfromgenerationtogeneration.25.Nowitisyourturn.(Para.7)Meaning:Nowitistimeforyoutoacquireknowledgeandpassiton.26.Wetakegreatpleasureinopeningthedoortothisgreatstepinyourjourney.Wetakedelightinthemanyopportunitieswhichyouwillfind,andintheresponsibilitiesthatyouwillcarryascitizensofyourcommunities,yourcountry,andtheworld.(Para.8)Meaning:Weareveryhappytoopenthedoortothisnextgreatstepinyourjourney.Wearedelightedthatyouwillfindmanydifferentopportunitiesandmanyresponsibilities,whichyouwillshoulderascitizensofyourcommunities,yourcountry,andtheworld.takepleasureindoingsth.樂于做某事他總是樂于向周圍的人伸出援助之手。Healwaystakesgreatpleasureinlendingahelpinghandtopeoplearoundhim.openthedoortosth.打開方便之門這些實用的建議為你更好地與父母交流敞開方便之門。Theseusefulsuggestionsopenthedoortobettercommunicationwithyourparents.IVTypicalpatterns:Aspresidentoftheuniversity,Iamproudtowelcomeyoutothisuniversity.作為校長,我非常自豪地歡迎你們來到這所大學。As...,sb.isproud/happy/sorry/sad...todosth.用于表達“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。應(yīng)用:作為一名來自災區(qū)的學生代表,我非常感激社會各界對我們的關(guān)愛與幫助!Asastudentrepresentativefromthedisaster-hitarea,rmverygratefultothepeopleofallwalksoflifefortheircareandhelp!Inwelcomingyoutotheuniversity,Iamremindedofmyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotographmymomtookofmydadandme.在歡迎你們到來的這一刻,我想起自己高中畢業(yè)時的情景,還有媽媽為我和爸爸拍的合影。Indoingsth,sb.isremindedofsth,用于表達“某事引起的回憶”。應(yīng)用:第一次給這么多人做演講時,我想起我的英語老師給我的鼓勵和建議。Inmakingmyspeechinfrontofalargeaudience,I'mremindedoftheencouragementandadvicefrommyEnglishteacher.IfIcouldgiveyouonlyonepieceofadviceaboutselectingcourses,itwouldbethis:Challengeyourself!如果我只能給你們一條選課建議的話,那就是:挑戰(zhàn)自己!Ifsb.couldgivesb.elseonlyonepieceofadviceabout...,itwouldbethis:Dosth.!用于表達“某人認定的最為重要的建議ニ應(yīng)用:如果讓我給你一條如何應(yīng)對大學挑戰(zhàn)的建議,那就是:相信自己!IfIcouldgiveyouonlyonepieceofadviceabouthowtocopewiththecollegechallenges,itwouldbethis:Believeinyourself!Awonderfulexampleofthisisthefashiondesigner,VeraWang,whooriginallystudiedarthistory.Awonderfulexampleofthisissb.who.../sth.that…用于列舉“最典型的事例”。應(yīng)用：有些人沒有大學文憑也獲得了成功。ー個絕佳的例子就是微軟公司創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨,他在大三時就從哈佛退學了。Somepeopleachievedgreatsuccesseventhoughtheydidnothavecollegediplomas.AwonderfulexampleofthisisthefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,whodroppedoutofHarvardinhisjunioryear.V.Translation1.SocrateswasaclassicalGreekphilosopherwhoiscreditedwithlayingthefundamentals（基礎(chǔ)）ofmodernWesternphilosophy.Heisamysteriousfigureknownchieflythroughtheaccountsoflaterclassicalwriters,especiallythewritingsofhismostfamousstudentPlato.Socrateshasbecomewellknownforhiscontributiontothefieldofethics.Hismethodofteaching,knownastheSocraticMethod,byaskingandansweringquestionstostimulatecriticalthinkingandtoexplainideasremainsacommonlyusedtoolinawiderangeofdiscussions.Healsomadeimportantandlastingcontributionstothefieldofepistemology（認識論）andlogic,andtheinfluenceofhisideasandapproachremainsastrongfoundationforWesternphilosophythatfollowed.Socrateswasthemostcolorfulfigureinthehistoryo