2022考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B].[C].or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s:theterm"plantneurobiologywas(1)aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe(2)tointelligenceinanimals.(3)plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat(4)

consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.

Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit(5)sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called(6)ofplants

intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.

Beginningin2006,somescientistshave(7)thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,(8)"aplantnervoussystem,(9)tothatinanimals."saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They(10)claimedthatplantshave"brain-likecommandcenters"attheirroottips.”

This(11)makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain.(12)ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.(13),thesignalinginaplantisonly(14)similartothefiringinacomplexanimal

brain,whichismorethan”amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."Taizsaid

"Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold(15)ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he(16)"Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the(17)thattheyhave

consciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”

Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom(18).so

investingenergyinabodysystemwhich(19)athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery(20)evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued

2.A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined

3.A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though

4.A.copewithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedin

5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs

6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation

7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested

8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing

9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive

10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even

11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand

12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing

13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.0therwise

14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily

15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.local

16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added

17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions

18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control

19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes

20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easy

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B].[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles.shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.

Theycrackandfrizzle.

They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloid

animationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,

untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.

"It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,"shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb"

Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s.theItalianartistPicro

Gilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincluded

smallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespecially

vulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andother

figuresweresplittingandcrumbling,Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals

"sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymer

fibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelyget

harder.0ldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedto

disintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.

JoanaLiaFerreira.anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVA

SchoolofScienceandTechnologynotesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,

"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.

21.AccordingtoParagraphl,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.

[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.

[A]immunetodecay

[B]improperlyshaped

[C]inherentlyflawed

[D]complexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.

[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed

[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.

[A]costly

[B]unworthy

[C]unpopular

[D]challenging

25.InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.

[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch

[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages

[D]hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationsandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool.gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,they

becamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles:apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotan

inevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooften

provethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.

ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.It

hasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishfor

personalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversitywillworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjust

knowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.

0ldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:Iamageographer'orTamaclassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing:it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.

26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould.

[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege

[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage

[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.

[A]Millennial'sopinionsaboutwork

[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree

[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation

[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.

[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree

[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers

[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegree

[D]parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation

29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.

[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer

[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms

[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates

[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Lifelongleaningwilldefinethem.

[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.

[C]Depresswillnolongerappealthem

[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.

Text3

Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fum.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesof

articlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350

peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists:andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.

Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelp

scientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.

Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelast

monthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi's

TheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimate

predictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnited

NationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.

Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartistthanscientists

respondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’s

work.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterfor

AdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.,Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hancethe

"visualstudies"inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceand

technologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists.writersandpoets,and

viceversa.

Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakea

collaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearch

communication,andparticipants.

Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.

31.Accordingtoparagraphl,art-sciencecollaborationshave.

[A]caughttheattentionofcritics

[B]receivedfavorableresponses

[C]promotedacademicpublishing

[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes

32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat.

[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience

[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions

[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture

[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations

33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership

[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated

[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired

[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited

[D]theirworkmaybemisguided

34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?

[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.

[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.

[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.

[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.

35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.

[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations

[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition

[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience.

[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore

Text4

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)

preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead.dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals".Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaid

managersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming.high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboosting

productivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagers

mayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifya

dismissal.

Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatriskIfnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemployment

protectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in

"AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox”(2014).theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.

NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA's

unjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxby

excludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified"high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermit

firmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.

However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.

36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.

[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices

[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures

[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties

[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.

[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment

[B]underminemanagers'authority

[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms

[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations

38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivityCommissionsupport?

[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.

[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws

[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.

[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.

39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?

[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.

[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.

[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.

[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.

40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-incomethreshold"inAustralia.

[A]hassecuredmanagers'earnings

[B]hasproducedundesiredresults

[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners

[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice

PartB

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumbered

blanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)——7選5

(41)TeriByrd

Iwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.

Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.

Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou”enhance"enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththese

institutions.andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.

(42)KarenR.Sime

Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.

Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethe

crucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractive

experience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos'treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.

(43)GregNewberry

EmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.

Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowthey

careforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Of

course.ButtheyaretheexceptionnotthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital

(44)DeanGallea

Asafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-

runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohomemanymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.

Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajority

undisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.

(44)JohnFraser

EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.

Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoicefor

conservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromall

backgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.

A.Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbesubjectedtounfair

criticism

B.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesfor

thepreciouscreaturesintheircare.

C.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstarting

youngpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.

D.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlife

conservation.

E.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthe

bestalternative.

F.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals’

wellbeing.

G.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensable

linkbetweenmanandnature.

答案：41.F42.C43.A44.D45.G

PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

"Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthe

sceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:between

Napoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants:betweentheBritish,everkeento

exacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck:betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismand

birth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod.

abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.

IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwas

readingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattached

anappendix."TheScovellCiphers.”(47)Itlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeen

capturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkof

oneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell'ssignificance

highly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreat

strugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman'sappendix,publishedin1914.wasthe

onlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretware.

IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?

StudyingScovell'spapersatthePublicRecordOffice(inKew.,westLondon)Ifound

thathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesaworkinthepeninsula.Whatwas

more,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreserved