第2講名詞性從句名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子，它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等。Manystudentsdon’tknowwhattheyshoulddo①，butwhatXiaoMengwantstodo②isearnmoney.Thereasonisthatshewantstolessenherparents’burden③.Itissaidthatmanysmallcompaniesneedgraduatestodopart-timejobs②.XiaoMenghasappliedfortwojobsbutsheisnotsureaboutwhethershewillbeemployed①.Shealsowonderswhenshewillbeadmittedtoacollege①andwhichcityshewillgo①.Sheisanxiousforthenewsthatsheisadmittedtoagooduniversity④.注釋：①位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后的從句是名詞性從句中的賓語從句。②謂語動(dòng)詞之前的從1．名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞如下表所示：引導(dǎo)詞功能從屬連詞that在從句中不作任何句子成分，也沒有詞匯意義whether，if在從句中不作任何句子成分，意為“是否”because，asif/though在從句中不作任何句子成分，分別意為“因?yàn)椤薄昂孟瘛边B接代詞who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；whom(ever)在從句中作賓語；which(ever)在從句中作主語、賓語；whose在從句中作定語連接副詞when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在從句中作狀語2.名詞性從句的語序必須是陳述語序。Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld？(×)Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld？(√)3．what&thatthat是從屬連詞，在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有任何意義。而what是連接代詞，在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，通常充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。IbelievethatIwillsucceedifIstudyhard.我相信如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)我會(huì)成功的。Ibelievewhathesaidbecauseheisanhonestman.我相信他說的話，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)誠實(shí)的人。4．whether&if(1)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中表示“是否”，必須用whether。只有在it作形式主語的主語從句中，可用if。(2)賓語從句中一般情況下whether與if可以通用，但在以下情況下不能用if，只能用whether：a．介詞后b．其后跟不定式c．其后緊跟ornotd．引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句結(jié)論：在學(xué)生的寫作中，只要表“是否”，一律用whether。5．who&whoever名詞性從句中的who翻譯為“誰”，帶有疑問意味。而whoever則翻譯為“不論是誰”，沒有疑問的語氣。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是誰打破了窗戶嗎？Whoeverbrokethewindowwillbepunished.無論是誰打破了窗戶都得挨罰。6．that不可省略的情況(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句且從句置于句首時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)；當(dāng)it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略，其他的that不可省。結(jié)論：學(xué)生習(xí)作中，that一律不省略。注意：在同一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞之后有多個(gè)賓語從句并列時(shí)，注意句子的理解，要知道后面的that從何而來。如：Shesaid(that)shehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend，thatshewasheartbroken，andthatshewouldneverfallinloveagain.她說她和男朋友分手了，她很傷心，而且她不會(huì)再愛了。7．同位語從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后，對該抽象名詞起解釋說明的作用。常見的抽象名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。Atfirstmanypeoplewereastonishedattheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse.起初很多人對地球不是宇宙中心這一結(jié)論感到驚訝。8．why與because引導(dǎo)表語從句的用法區(qū)別why與because引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。Ihadacold.ThatwaswhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了，因此我沒上學(xué)。Ididn’tattendschool.ThatwasbecauseIhadacold.我沒上學(xué)，那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?。注意?1)句子的主語為thereason時(shí)，表語從句用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，此時(shí)不用because。Thereasonwhyshewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。(2)由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，表語從句用that引導(dǎo)。Whywedecidedtoputoffthematchwasthattheweatherwastooterrible.我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。9．a(chǎn)sif/thoughasif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常置于系動(dòng)詞look，seem，sound，be等后面；表語從句既可以用虛擬語氣，也可用陳述語氣。Itsoundedasifsomebodywasknockingat/onthedoor.聽起來好像有人在敲門。Shetreatshimasifhewereastranger.她待他如陌生人。點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語法填空1．Whatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.2．Thathewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.3．Whoeverdiditshouldberesponsibleforit.4．Where/Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldthisafternoonisnotknownyet.5．Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewascaughtinatrafficjam.6．Idoubtwhether/ifhehastheabilitytodoitwell.7．Afterwhatseemedalongtime，hecametohimself.8．Hesaidhewaswrongandthathewantedtomakeanapologytous.9．HeexpressedhishopethathewouldvisitChinaagain.10．Hefailed.Thatwasbecausehedidn’tworkhard.單句語法填空1．Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)2．Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichishowwearrived.(2018·江蘇)3．Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2017·北京)4．Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.(2017·天津6月)5．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·湖南)名詞性從句解題三步走第一步：根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。第二步：一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語，用連接代詞。指物用what，whatever；指人用who，whoever。第三步：如果不缺少主語或賓語，要看從句是否有疑問。如果沒有疑問用that，有疑問則根據(jù)句意使用when，where，why，how，whether等。

層級一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語法填空1．Hewasnotlookingforothers’smiles，orworryingaboutwhethersomeonewaswatchingornot.2．HelenMcCarthy，anauthorandexpertonJapaneseCartoons，explainedwhythecharacterissopopular.“BecauseHelloKittyisallabouthappiness，friendshipandfun.”3．Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoandhowtogetthere.4．Studentscanchoosewhat/whatevertheywanttodoandregisteronline.5．MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding，andthat’swhereIdon’tagree.6．Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.7．Twenty-fiveyearslaterthetravelerreturnedtothesameplace.Whathesawamazedhim.Hecouldnotbelievehisowneyes.8．Therefore，itisadvisablethatyoushouldvalueandtreatthemwithcare.9．Theywouldappreciateit，tobefrank，ifthegoodscouldbedeliveredassoonaspossible.10．Iaskedhimwhathisfatherhaddonesothathebecamesuchagoodperson.11.Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.12.WhenIenteredtherestaurant，thewaitresssaidIcouldsitwhereverIlike.13.Ididn’tunderstandwhythiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1．WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsiswhyshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021·天津3月)2．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20，halfofwhatitusedtocharge.(2017·江蘇)3．Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.(2020·浙江7月)4．Itisnotaproblemwhether/ifwecanwinthebattle；it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江蘇)5．ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.(2020·天津7月)6．Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全國Ⅰ)7．I’mnotsurewho/whichismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018·全國Ⅲ)8．Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(2019·江蘇)9．Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(2018·北京)10．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2018·天津6月)層級三語篇提能練語法填空名詞性從句篇1．worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.shebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparents’suggestion7.sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8.shekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.MaryaskedProfessorWang9.sheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10.shewillhavemoretimetodosports.ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的同學(xué)瑪麗的煩惱，她最近胖了很多而且經(jīng)常生病，向王教授咨詢，在王教授的幫助下，通過均衡飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)變得越來越健康。1．答案What解析考查主語從句。分析句子可知，第一個(gè)空引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句中缺少主語，表示“什么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故填What。2．答案that解析考查表語從句。分析句子可知，is后面為表語從句，從句成分完整，因此用that引導(dǎo)，that無實(shí)際意義，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。3．答案whether解析考查同位語從句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位語從句，從句說的是doubt的內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。4．答案why解析考查表語從句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表語從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。5．答案How解析考查主語從句。分析句子可知，hasbeen前為主語從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“如何，怎樣”，故用how。位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故填How。6．答案who解析考查主語從句。分析句子可知，puzzle前為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，表示“誰”，故填who。7．答案that解析考查主語從句。分析句子可知，It為形式主語，真正的主語為空后的從句，從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整，故填that。8．答案that解析考查賓語從句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整，故填that。9．答案when解析考查賓語從句。分析句子可知，ask接雙賓語，空后為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，根據(jù)下文可知表示“什么時(shí)間”，故填when。10．答案because解析考查表語從句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表語從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。1．what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句最顯眼典例(2019·浙江6月)我寫信感謝你為我做的一切。I’mwritingtothankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme.運(yùn)用(2021·浙江6月)令我驚訝的是，我爸爸允許我按照我的意愿使用這筆錢。WhatsurprisedmewasthatmydadallowedmetousethemoneyasIwished.2．同位語從句放在開頭實(shí)力開篇典例(2020·浙江7月)聽到你請病假回家的消息，我很難過。Iamsorrytohearthenewsthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave.運(yùn)用(2021·全國乙)沒有人能否認(rèn)在線學(xué)習(xí)正變得越來越流行這一事實(shí)。Noonecandenythefactthatonlinelearningisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.3．表語從句之前的連詞要考慮周全典例(2016·全國Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按計(jì)劃去書店了。原因是我那時(shí)有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)要參加。I’msorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstor