Presentperfecttense&presentcontinuoustensePresentperfecttense&1pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)pastnowYesterday,weNow,t21.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havedone

it.1.Myfatherboughtmanybooks3“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時(shí)，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。

Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。alread4“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。evernever“曾經(jīng)5“以前”用在完成時(shí)中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛剛”用在陳述句中,放在句中。

Ihavejustboughtanovel?！耙郧啊庇迷谕瓿蓵r(shí)中，放在句末。justbefore“剛剛6Shebeganto

workin2005.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor9years.

Shebegantoworkin2005.7nowpastIbeganto

teachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught

Englishatthisschoolforfiveyears.用法2：過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。nowpastIbegantoteachIha81.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.haveworkedhavestayed1.Iamadoctor.Ibegantow9sinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for2years/alongtimesinceandforThewomanhaswor10一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince一、用for和since填空。______threehou11

Exercise根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.ExercisehehasjustgoneoutI123.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預(yù)定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone3.Youareeatinginarestaura131.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadbreakfast.(含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成142.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在153.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等標(biāo)志詞Hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如alr164.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,175.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpoems

sofar.

Manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptotheseweeks,everythinghasbeensuccessful.

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,18have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)have(has)gone和have(has)bee19非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語是瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以說：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表示時(shí)間段的詞語進(jìn)行互換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表20現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的幾種情況：1.表過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)中Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.2.表示過去開始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)——Sorry,I’mlate,haveyoubeenwaitinglong?——Yes,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的幾種情況：21C1.Theprice_____recently,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.Awentdown,BwillgodownChasgonedownDwasgoingdown2.Inthepastfewyearsthere____greatchangesinDaMiaotown.AisBwereChavebeenDwillbe.CC1.Theprice_____recently,bu22

Icleantheblackboardeveryday.I'llcleantheblackboardinseveralminutes.I'mnowcleaningtheblackboard.Icleanedtheblackboardseveralminutesago.Ihavecleanedtheblackboardforseveralminutes.

Ihavebeencleaningtheblackboardforseveralminutes/sinceseveralminutesago.Icleantheblackboardevery23現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別I

(1)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,并有可能持續(xù)下去,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程；表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。(2)注意:多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如work,live,study,skate,collect…

表示在某一特定時(shí)間之前曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作,或者到這一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

have+過去分詞2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別I(1)表示從過去某一時(shí)24現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別II（1）在不用時(shí)間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過去已結(jié)束。如：

Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.

（還在進(jìn)行）學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。

Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已經(jīng)結(jié)束）學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。（2）在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。如：

I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours,butIhaven’tfinishedit.

這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，但我還沒讀完。

I’vereadthisbook.

我已讀完這本書了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別II（1）在不用時(shí)間狀語的25現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別II（3）有些表示狀態(tài)、感情、感覺的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：have,like,hate,hear,know,sound等動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

They’veknowneachothersince1970.自從1970年起他們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。

（4）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。如：We’vebeenseeingeachother

quitealotrecently.

最近我們經(jīng)常見面?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別II（3）有些表示狀態(tài)、感26現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的聯(lián)系1．簡略回答都一樣Yes,I/we/theyhave.No,I/we/theyhaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.2．時(shí)間狀語：都可以用for或sinceTheyhaveskated_______________.Theyhavebeenskating_______________.AthreehoursagoBforthreehoursagoCsincethreehoursagoDforthreehoursEsincethreehours現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的聯(lián)系2．時(shí)間狀語：都可以用for27Presentperfecttense&presentcontinuoustensePresentperfecttense&28pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)pastnowYesterday,weNow,t291.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havedone

it.1.Myfatherboughtmanybooks30“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時(shí)，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。

Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。alread31“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。evernever“曾經(jīng)32“以前”用在完成時(shí)中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛剛”用在陳述句中,放在句中。

Ihavejustboughtanovel。“以前”用在完成時(shí)中，放在句末。justbefore“剛剛33Shebeganto

workin2005.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor9years.

Shebegantoworkin2005.34nowpastIbeganto

teachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught

Englishatthisschoolforfiveyears.用法2：過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。nowpastIbegantoteachIha351.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.haveworkedhavestayed1.Iamadoctor.Ibegantow36sinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for2years/alongtimesinceandforThewomanhaswor37一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince一、用for和since填空。______threehou38

Exercise根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.ExercisehehasjustgoneoutI393.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預(yù)定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone3.Youareeatinginarestaura401.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadbreakfast.(含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成412.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在423.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等標(biāo)志詞Hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如alr434.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,445.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpoems

sofar.

Manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptotheseweeks,everythinghasbeensuccessful.

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,45have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)have(has)gone和have(has)bee46非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語是瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以說：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表示時(shí)間段的詞語進(jìn)行互換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表47現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的幾種情況：1.表過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)中Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.2.表示過去開始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)——Sorry,I’mlate,haveyoubeenwaitinglong?——Yes,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的幾種情況：48C1.Theprice_____recently,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.Awentdown,BwillgodownChasgonedownDwasgoingdown2.Inthepastfewyearsthere____greatchangesinDaMiaotown.AisBwereChavebeenDwillbe.CC1.Theprice_____recently,bu49

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