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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣元中核職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題
品德是由那些價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組成。它們可以作為你的生活指南,能使你的生活充滿意義和深刻內(nèi)涵,并且是建立在“你是哪種人”的基礎(chǔ)上。它們包含諸如正直、誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇敢、公正和寬宏這些特點(diǎn)——這些特點(diǎn)是在我們生活中經(jīng)過(guò)一次次必要的艱難選擇而形成的。
【答案】Moralitiesconsistofthosestandardsofvaluesandstandardsofconduct.Theyserveasaguidetolifethatfillslifewithmeaningandprofoundcontent,andisbasedon“whichoneyouare”.Theyhavesuchcharacteristicsasintegrity,honesty,courage,justiceandmagnanimity.Thesecharacteristicsareshapedbythenecessaryhardchoiceswemakeoverandoverinourlives.
2.單選題
Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.spoil
B.imitate
C.formulate
D.violate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spoil“溺愛(ài);糟蹋;破壞”;B選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿;仿造”;C選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃;用公式表示;明確地表達(dá)”;D選項(xiàng)violate“違反;侵犯”。句意:人們可能會(huì)讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文,但他們也會(huì)……許多著名的圣經(jīng)故事。由關(guān)鍵信息getverseswrong“讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文”只是常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,后一句會(huì)加深問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此可以排除B,C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)一般是指違反規(guī)則,這里的承受對(duì)象是biblicalstories“圣經(jīng)故事”,不能適用。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.單選題
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged__21__overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’s,especiallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedto__22__thereadingprocess.
__23__specialistsagreethatreading__24__acomplexorganizationofhighermental__25__,theydisagree__26__theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,__27__readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand__28__.Theseauthorities__29__thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.
Othersmaintainthatreadingis__30__relatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout__31__theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader,__32__someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho__33__reads.
Manyadults,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytoread,haveneverreadabookinits__34__.Bysomeexpertstheywouldnotbe__35__asreaders.Clearly,thephilosophy,objectives,methodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuses.Bythemost__36__andsatisfactorydefinition,readingistheabilityto__37__thesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage,tointerpretmeaningforvarious__38__,atvariousrates,andatvariouslevelsofdifficulty,andtodo__39_widelyandenthusiastically.__40__,readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.substantively
B.substantially
C.substitutively
D.subjectively
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.defineanddescribe
B.definitionanddescription
C.defininganddescribing
D.havedefinedanddescribed
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Although
B.If
C.Unless
D.Until
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.involvesto
B.involves
C.isinvolved
D.involvesof
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.opinions
B.effects
C.manners
D.functions
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.of
B.about
C.for
D.into
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.view
B.look
C.reassure
D.agree
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.to
C.off
D.for
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.content
B.contend
C.contempt
D.contact
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.inexplicably
B.inexpressibly
C.inextricably
D.inexpediently
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.interpreting
B.saying
C.explaining
D.reading
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.like
B.forexample
C.accordingto
D.asto
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.sometimes
B.might
C.practical
D.actually
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.entire
B.entirety
C.entirely
D.entity
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.classed
B.granted
C.classified
D.graded
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.inclusive
B.inclinable
C.conclusive
D.complicated
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.breakup
B.elaborate
C.define
D.unlock
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.purposes
B.degrees
C.stages
D.steps
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.such
B.soas
C.so
D.suchas
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.Bytheway
B.Inshort
C.Sofar
D.Ontheotherhand
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:D
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:A
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:B
第15題:C
第16題:C
第17題:D
第18題:A
第19題:C
第20題:B
【解析】21.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)substantively“實(shí)質(zhì)上”,B項(xiàng)substantially“大量地,重大地”,C項(xiàng)substitutively“代替地”,D項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地”。句意:幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),閱讀的概念發(fā)生了巨大的變化。根據(jù)句意,該題選B正確。
22.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組的用法。to是介詞,devotetodoingsth.,因此只有C項(xiàng)符合。A項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞原形錯(cuò)誤,B項(xiàng)名詞,和后面的“thereadingprocess”不能同時(shí)使用;D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不正確。句意:在20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代,人們對(duì)閱讀過(guò)程的定義和描述給予了更多的關(guān)注。因此,該題選C正確。
23.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查句子邏輯。A項(xiàng)although“盡管”表示讓步;B項(xiàng)If“如果”表示虛擬或條件;C項(xiàng)unless“除非”表示條件;D項(xiàng)until“直到”表示時(shí)間。根據(jù)句子…specialistsagreethatreading…theydisagree…中的agree和disagree可知,句首是表示讓步關(guān)系,所以although更符合句意。因此,該題選A正確。
24.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查involve的用法。involve表示“使卷入,使包括”;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)用beinvolvedin,沒(méi)有involveto和involveof的用法。本句子主語(yǔ)是reading,與involve形成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。句意:雖然專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為閱讀涉及一種復(fù)雜的高等智力……組織。因此,該題選B正確。
25.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析和語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)opinion“意見(jiàn)”;B項(xiàng)effect“影響”,C項(xiàng)manner“行為”;D項(xiàng)function“功能,職能”。根據(jù)句子Althoughspecialistsagreethatreadinginvolvesacomplexorganizationofhighermental…(雖然專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為閱讀涉及一種復(fù)雜的高等智力……組織)可知,mentalfunction表示“智力活動(dòng),心理功能”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)與mental搭配不妥。因此,該題選D正確。
26.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查介詞用法。A項(xiàng)of“屬于”;B項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”,C項(xiàng)for“對(duì)于”;D項(xiàng)into“到……里面”。disagreeabout/on固定用法,表示“對(duì)……有不同意見(jiàn)”,在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。句意:他們對(duì)這一過(guò)程的確切性質(zhì)意見(jiàn)不一。因此,該題選B正確。
27.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)搭配。A項(xiàng)view“觀察,考慮”;B項(xiàng)look“查看,尋找”,C項(xiàng)reassure“使安心,安慰”;D項(xiàng)agree“同意”。根據(jù)句子Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,…readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesounds(一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言主要是一種用符號(hào)來(lái)表示聲音的代碼,……閱讀僅僅……是把符號(hào)解碼成聲音)可知,view…as…表示“把……看作”。因此,該題選A正確。
28.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)搭配。A項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”,standby表示“支持”;B項(xiàng)to“對(duì)”,standto表示“遵守”;C項(xiàng)off“離開(kāi),結(jié)束”,standoff表示“冷淡”;D項(xiàng)for“對(duì)于”,standfor表示“代表”。根據(jù)句子Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,viewreadingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand…可知句意為:一些最初把語(yǔ)言看作是一種用符號(hào)來(lái)表示聲音的代碼的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為,閱讀只是把符號(hào)解碼成它們所代表的聲音。因此,該題選D正確。
29.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)content“滿意”,B項(xiàng)contend“爭(zhēng)論,主張”,C項(xiàng)contempt“輕視,蔑視”,D項(xiàng)contact“聯(lián)系”。根據(jù)句子Theseauthorities…thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.(這些權(quán)威人士……,意義與思考有關(guān),必須獨(dú)立于解碼過(guò)程進(jìn)行教授),可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入“主張”。因此,該題選B正確。
30.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inexplicably“無(wú)法解釋地”,B項(xiàng)inexpressibly“說(shuō)不出地”,C項(xiàng)inextricably“無(wú)法擺脫的”,D項(xiàng)inexpediently“不適當(dāng)?shù)?、不明智地”。根?jù)句子Othersmaintainthatreadingis…relatedtothinking可知,本句句意為:其他人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為閱讀無(wú)法解釋地與思考聯(lián)系在一起。因此,該題選A正確。
31.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)interpreting“理解”,B項(xiàng)saying“說(shuō)”,C項(xiàng)explaining“解釋”,D項(xiàng)reading“讀”。根據(jù)句子andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout…theirmeaningisnottrulyreading可知,本句句意為:如果一個(gè)孩子在發(fā)音的時(shí)候沒(méi)有理解它們的意思,那他就不是真正的閱讀。因此,該題選A正確。
32.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)like“喜歡,像”,作介詞后面都加sb.或者sth.;B項(xiàng)forexample“舉例”,后面接句子,一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);C項(xiàng)accordingto“根據(jù)”后面跟名詞;D項(xiàng)asto“至于,關(guān)于”,用于爭(zhēng)論和做出決定時(shí),后一般接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)句子Thereader,…someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoread(……一些人,讀者不僅僅是一個(gè)具有理論閱讀能力的人)可知,空格處填入accordingto最合適,表示“根據(jù)一些人的觀點(diǎn)/看法”。因此,該題選C正確。
33.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)sometimes“有時(shí)”,B項(xiàng)might“或許”,C項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”,D項(xiàng)actually“實(shí)際上”。根據(jù)句子Thereader,accordingtosomeisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho…reads.(根據(jù)一些人的觀點(diǎn),閱讀者不僅僅是一個(gè)理論上有閱讀能力的人,也是一個(gè)……閱讀的人)可知,上文提到“理論”能力,下文應(yīng)該表示“實(shí)際”,A、B項(xiàng)排除。C項(xiàng)是形容詞不能修飾動(dòng)詞read,所以D項(xiàng)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞符合題意。因此,該題選D正確。
34.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)entire是形容詞,表示“全部的”;B項(xiàng)entirety是名詞,表示“全部,完全”;C項(xiàng)entirely是副詞,表示“完全地,徹底地”;D項(xiàng)entity是名詞,表示“實(shí)體,存在,本質(zhì)”。根據(jù)句子Manyadults,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytoread,haveneverreadabookinits…(許多成年人,雖然他們有閱讀的能力,但從來(lái)沒(méi)有……讀過(guò)一本書(shū))可知,its后面接的是名詞,所以A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)排除。initsentirety表示“全面地,從總體上看”。因此,該題選B正確。
35.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)class“把……分等級(jí),把……歸入某等級(jí)”,B項(xiàng)grant“授予,允許”,C項(xiàng)classify“分類(lèi),分等”,D項(xiàng)grade“評(píng)分,分等級(jí)”。根據(jù)句子Bysomeexpertstheywouldnotbe…asreaders可知,本句句意是:一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)被歸類(lèi)為讀者。beclassifiedas固定用法,表示“被劃分,被分類(lèi)到”。因此,該題選C正確。
36.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inclusive“包含的,包括的”,B項(xiàng)inclinable“傾向于……的,可傾斜的”,C項(xiàng)conclusive“決定性的,最后的”,D項(xiàng)complicated“難懂的,復(fù)雜的”。根據(jù)句子Bythemost…andsatisfactorydefinition可知,本句句意為:從最確定和最令人滿意的定義來(lái)看。themostconclusive是最高級(jí),表示“最確定性的”。因此,該題選C正確。
37.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)breakup“打碎,破碎”,B項(xiàng)elaborate“闡述”,C項(xiàng)define“定義”,D項(xiàng)unlock“解開(kāi),解鎖”。根據(jù)句子readingistheabilityto…thesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage可知,本句句意為:閱讀是解開(kāi)語(yǔ)言的聲音符號(hào)密碼的能力。因此,該題選D正確。
38.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)purpose“目的”,B項(xiàng)degree“學(xué)位,程度”,C項(xiàng)stage“階段”,D項(xiàng)step“腳步,步伐”。根據(jù)句子readingistheabilitytounlockthesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage,tointerpretmeaningforvarious…,atvariousrates,andatvariouslevelsofdifficulty(閱讀是解開(kāi)語(yǔ)言的聲音符號(hào)密碼的能力,以不同的……,不同的速度和不同的難度來(lái)解釋不同的意思)可知,空格處應(yīng)該是表示“不同的目的”。因此,該題選A正確。
39.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞性辨析。A項(xiàng)such形容詞,表示“這樣的,如此的”;B項(xiàng)soas連詞,表示“以便,為了”;C項(xiàng)so作副詞可表示“如此,這么”,作連詞表示因果關(guān)系;D項(xiàng)suchas短語(yǔ),表示“比如,諸如”??崭裉幒竺媸切稳菰~widely和enthusiastically;只有副詞可以修飾形容詞,只有so符合。因此,該題選C正確。
40.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)bytheway“順便說(shuō)說(shuō),順便問(wèn)一下”,B項(xiàng)inshort“總之,總而言之”,C項(xiàng)sofar“到目前為止”,D項(xiàng)ontheotherhand“另一方面”。根據(jù)句子readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.(閱讀是通過(guò)使用代表聲音和思想的符號(hào)來(lái)解釋思想)可知,此處是文章最后一句話,應(yīng)該要作總結(jié),所以選inshort符合。因此,該題選B正確。
4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.TheyareapartofAmericanhistory;however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans.
Blackshaddistinctdisadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothe‘‘landofopportunity”asslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions.UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup;sometimesslaveownersseparatedmembersofthesamefamily.
Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththeestablishedsocietyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystillexperienceddiscriminationinemployment,housing,education,andeveninpublicfacilities,suchasrestroom.
Untilthetwentiethcentury,themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.ThentherewasapopulationshifttothelargecitiesintheNorth.PrejudiceagainstblacksisoftenassociatedwiththeSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallyeasiertosee.
Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogainfairtreatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotectioninhousing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated(隔離),manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenotadequatefortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisonesolutiontoinequalityineducation.Naturally,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.
Thesituationofblacksisbettertodaythanitwasinthe1950s,butracialtensionpersists.Timewillbetherealsolutiontotheproblemofrace.
17.PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.
18.OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.
19.Theauthorspecificallymentionsthat____.
20.Theattitudeoftheauthoris____.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.werecompletelyeradicated
B.aremainlycausedbytheslavery
C.havebeenexistinginthesociety
D.don’texcludenewimmigrants
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.duetotheirskincolor
B.thatmostAmericansareimmigrants
C.thattheywerefreetokeeptheirheritage
D.thattheyspeaktheirlanguagedifferentlyfromAmericans
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.blackAmericansaremostunfairlytreatedintheU.S.
B.discriminationintheSouthwasnotmoreobviousthanintheNorth
C.thesituationofblacksisalmostthesametodayasitwasinthe1950s
D.afterblacksbecamefreepeopletheydidn’texperiencediscriminationinemploymentandpublicfacilities
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.favorable
B.sarcastic
C.indifferent
D.praising
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.美國(guó)的偏見(jiàn)和歧視____。
A.werecompletelyeradicatedA.被完全根除了
B.aremainlycausedbytheslaveryB.主要是由奴隸制造成的
C.havebeenexistinginthesocietyC.一直存在于社會(huì)中
D.don’texcludenewimmigrantsD.不排除新移民
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Prejudiceanddiscrimination和theUnitedStates定位到原文第一段第一句,該句提到“諷刺的是,在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家,偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題(continuetobeseriousproblems)。”由此可知,在美國(guó),偏見(jiàn)和歧視一直存在,C選項(xiàng)“一直存在于社會(huì)中”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“被完全根除了”,原文提到“一直存在”,并沒(méi)有被根除,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“主要是由奴隸制造成的”,可定位到原文第三段第三句,該句提到“即使在他們成為自由人(becamefreepeople)之后,他們?nèi)匀辉诰蜆I(yè)、住房、教育,甚至在公共設(shè)施,如廁所中遭受歧視(stillexperienceddiscrimination)?!庇纱丝芍?,黑人奴隸在恢復(fù)自由之后仍然受到歧視,所以,奴隸制并不是造成美國(guó)偏見(jiàn)和歧視的主要原因,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“不排除新移民”,原文沒(méi)有提到新移民的問(wèn)題,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.美國(guó)黑人難以融入美國(guó)社會(huì)的原因之一是____。
A.duetotheirskincolorA.因?yàn)樗麄兊哪w色
B.thatmostAmericansareimmigrantsB.大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民
C.thattheywerefreetokeeptheirheritageC.他們可以自由地保留他們的遺產(chǎn)
D.thattheyspeaktheirlanguagedifferentlyfromAmericansD.他們說(shuō)他們的語(yǔ)言和美國(guó)人不同
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞blackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansociety定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“膚色(becauseoftheirskincolor)也是他們不能輕易融入(couldnotmixeasilywith)美國(guó)社會(huì)的原因”,由此可知,A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊哪w色”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民”,原文第一段第一句提到“諷刺的是(Ironically),在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家,偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題?!庇纱丝芍?,按照常理,美國(guó)作為一個(gè)移民國(guó)家,應(yīng)該不存在偏見(jiàn)和歧視,所以,當(dāng)這些問(wèn)題存在的時(shí)候,才會(huì)覺(jué)得諷刺。那么,大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民,美國(guó)黑人本應(yīng)該更容易融入美國(guó)社會(huì),該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“他們可以自由地保留他們的遺產(chǎn)”,可定位到原文第二段,本段第一、二句提到“黑人有明顯的劣勢(shì)(distinctdisadvantages)。在大多數(shù)情況下,他們無(wú)法自由地保留自己的遺產(chǎn)和文化傳統(tǒng)(notfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions)?!庇纱丝芍?,該選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“他們說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言和美國(guó)人不同”,原文并沒(méi)有提到語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theauthorspecificallymentionsthat____.作者特別提到____。
A.blackAmericansaremostunfairlytreatedintheU.S.A.美國(guó)黑人在美國(guó)遭受的待遇最不公平
B.discriminationintheSouthwasnotmoreobviousthanintheNorthB.在南方的歧視并不比在北方更明顯
C.thesituationofblacksisalmostthesametodayasitwasinthe1950sC.今天黑人的處境幾乎和20世紀(jì)50年代一樣
D.afterblacksbecamefreepeopletheydidn’texperiencediscriminationinemploymentandpublicfacilitiesD.黑人成為自由人后,他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面沒(méi)有受到歧視
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】原文第一段最后一句提到“然而,這種對(duì)不同群體的偏見(jiàn)對(duì)待,最不公平的莫過(guò)于美國(guó)黑人(nowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans)”,由此可知,作者特別提到“美國(guó)黑人遭受的偏見(jiàn)和歧視最嚴(yán)重”,后文的段落都是圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開(kāi)的,因此A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)黑人在美國(guó)遭受的待遇最不公平”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“在南方的歧視并不比在北方更明顯”,可定位到原文第四段最后兩句,這兩句提到“人們常常把對(duì)黑人的偏見(jiàn)與南方聯(lián)系在一起(oftenassociatedwiththeSouth)。奴隸制度在那里更普遍,歧視也更容易看到(discriminationwasusuallyeasiertosee)?!庇纱丝芍?,在美國(guó)南方存在更明顯的歧視,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“今天黑人的處境幾乎和20世紀(jì)50年代一樣”,可定位到原文最后一段第一句,該句提到“今天黑人的處境比20世紀(jì)50年代要好(better)?!庇纱丝芍?,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“黑人成為自由人后,他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面沒(méi)有受到歧視”,可定位到原文第三段第三句,該句提到“即使在他們成為自由人(becamefreepeople)之后,他們?nèi)匀辉诰蜆I(yè)(employment)、住房、教育,甚至在公共設(shè)施(publicfacilities),如廁所中遭受歧視(stillexperienceddiscrimination)?!庇纱丝芍?,黑人成為自由人后,他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面仍然受到歧視,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾。
20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theattitudeoftheauthoris____.作者的態(tài)度是____。
A.favorableA.支持
B.sarcasticB.諷刺
C.indifferentC.冷漠
D.praisingD.贊賞
【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者的態(tài)度。原文開(kāi)篇就提到“諷刺的是(Ironically),在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家,偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題?!弊詈笠欢翁岬健敖裉旌谌说奶幘潮?0世紀(jì)50年代要好,但種族關(guān)系仍然緊張。時(shí)間將是種族問(wèn)題的真正解決方案?!庇纱丝芍?,作者認(rèn)為,美國(guó)社會(huì)種族歧視問(wèn)題是不應(yīng)該存在的。綜上所述,B選項(xiàng)“諷刺”最符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“支持”,與作者的態(tài)度相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“冷漠”,作者專(zhuān)門(mén)寫(xiě)了文章來(lái)說(shuō)這件事,不會(huì)是漠不關(guān)心的態(tài)度,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“贊賞”,與作者的態(tài)度相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
5.單選題
Cancerisfearedbyeveryone.Andthisfearisreachingepidemiclevel.Notthediseaseitself—thereisnosuchthingasacancerepidemic.Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen(致癌物).Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup.”Thisisnotatallthemeaning.The80-percentcalculationisbasedontheunthinkabledifferencesintheincidenceofcancerinvarioussocietiesaroundtheworld—forexample,thehighproportionoflivercancerinAfricaandtheFarEast,stomachcancerinJapan,breastcancerinWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica,andtherelativelylowfiguresforbreastcancerinJapanandpartsofAfricaandforlivercancerinAmerica.Thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.
1.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttomeaningtothephrase“l(fā)evelingoff’?
2.Accordingtothepassage,theincidenceofcancerisgenerallybelieve_____.
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweencancerandenvironmentis_____.
4.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterseemstofeelthat_____.
5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Becameverypopular
B.Reacheditslowestlevelinpopularity
C.Stoppedbeingpopular
D.Stoppedincreasingitspopularity
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.tobebasedoninactivelifestyle
B.tobeduetoanxiety
C.toresultfromenvironmentalinfluences
D.tobecausedbyheavysmoking
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.positive
B.negative
C.neutral
D.approving
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.cancerriskisontherise
B.thewholeearthresemblesahugecarcinogen
C.theriskofcatchingcancerisnotsogreatasmostpeopleconceive
D.cancercanbecuredsoonerorlater
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.CancerandEnvironment
B.TheFearCausedbyCancers
C.DataonCancerIncidence
D.CanceranditsInvestigation
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,定位到文章第三四句話Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.“除主要由吸煙引起的肺癌外,其他癌癥的發(fā)病率(),某些癌癥的發(fā)病率正在下降。但是對(duì)癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延,這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,第二步,上下文語(yǔ)義銜接exceptfor這里是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ),and連接兩個(gè)句子,這兩個(gè)句子之間存在并列或者遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,后面的句子是一些癌癥正在減少,所以levelingoff應(yīng)該是減少或者持平、平穩(wěn)的意思,從后面那句的連詞but也可知,前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反,也就是癌癥雖然發(fā)病率減少但是對(duì)癌癥的恐懼卻正在增加,由此可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“不再增長(zhǎng)”;
A選項(xiàng)“變得受歡迎”不符題意,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“達(dá)到最低水平”,不符題意,屬于無(wú)中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“不再受歡迎”,不符題意,屬于無(wú)中生有。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第六句Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup”.“一般來(lái)說(shuō),80%到90%的癌癥都是由環(huán)境因素造成的,這種說(shuō)法多少有些科學(xué)依據(jù),但它意味著,在整個(gè)環(huán)境得到‘清理’之前,我們誰(shuí)也不會(huì)安全”。第二步,綜合理解,從這里可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“受環(huán)境的影響”;
A選項(xiàng)“以消極的生活方式為基礎(chǔ)”,文章沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“由于焦慮”定位到第四句,Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“但是對(duì)癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延,這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,這里講的是國(guó)家處于焦慮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而不是人因?yàn)榻箲]增加患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤;
D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樾餆煛倍ㄎ坏降谌銭xceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,“除了肺癌,肺癌主要是由吸煙引起的”,這里單指吸煙增加患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)但是題干是指的是患癌癥,肺癌只是癌癥的一種,這里屬于以偏概全。
3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章倒數(shù)一二句thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.“這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,可能有一些特殊的、具體的環(huán)境影響,很大程度上取決于個(gè)人的生活方式,決定了不同社區(qū)中各種癌癥的發(fā)病率——但這只是所有數(shù)據(jù)所表明的。如果把所有病例都計(jì)算在內(nèi),癌癥的總體發(fā)病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步,綜合理解,從這里可知作者認(rèn)為環(huán)境對(duì)健康的其實(shí)是沒(méi)有影響的,有影響的是人們的生活方式,由此作者的態(tài)度是比較客觀的,答案選C“中立的”;
A選項(xiàng)“積極的”,見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng),不符合題意,屬于偷換概念;
B選項(xiàng)“消極的”見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng),不符合題意,屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“贊成的”,見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng),不符合題意,屬于偷換概念。
4.推理判斷題,第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第三四句話,Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“除主要由吸煙引起的肺癌外,其他癌癥的發(fā)病率趨于平穩(wěn),某些癌癥的發(fā)病率正在下降。但是對(duì)癌癥的恐懼正在蔓延,這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨著焦慮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。第二步,尋找上下文線索,從這里可以知道其實(shí)癌癥已經(jīng)沒(méi)有那么可怕了但是人們對(duì)患癌癥的恐懼卻越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈,由此推斷C選項(xiàng)“患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有大多數(shù)人想象的那么大”正確;
A選項(xiàng)“癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)正在上升”,見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)解析,這里屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)地球就像一個(gè)巨大的致癌物質(zhì)”定位到第五句話Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen“地球本身看起來(lái)就像一種巨大的致癌物”,這里從句意上看B選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義替代,但是resemble一般指外表、形狀上的相似,seemlike指的是內(nèi)在的相似之處,所以B選項(xiàng)不選,這里屬于曲意理解;
D選項(xiàng)“癌癥遲早會(huì)被治愈的”文章沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。
5.主旨大意題,分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章從人們對(duì)癌癥的恐懼談起,說(shuō)到人們對(duì)癌癥越來(lái)越恐懼,但作者覺(jué)得這是沒(méi)有必要的,因?yàn)榘┌Y的發(fā)病率趨于平緩。然后人們覺(jué)得地球本身就是致癌物,不同地區(qū)的人患不同癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也是不一樣的,但是作者覺(jué)得支持這個(gè)論點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)本身就存在著爭(zhēng)論,然后作者指出其實(shí)不是地球環(huán)境而是人們生活方式本身存在問(wèn)題,而且它只計(jì)算了某個(gè)特殊的癌癥,如果把所有癌癥計(jì)算在內(nèi)其實(shí)全球地區(qū)的患癌率是差不多的,所以文章的具體內(nèi)容是講清楚癌癥和環(huán)境這件的關(guān)系,答案選A選項(xiàng)“癌癥和環(huán)境”;
B選項(xiàng)“癌癥造成的恐慌”,這只是文章的引入點(diǎn),引入人們對(duì)癌癥的恐懼之后文章并沒(méi)有繼續(xù)探討恐懼帶來(lái)了什么作用或者恐懼的原因,這里屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“癌癥的數(shù)據(jù)”,文章指出的數(shù)據(jù)是不同地區(qū)癌癥的發(fā)病率,這些數(shù)據(jù)提出來(lái)只是為了佐證文中人們的觀點(diǎn),不是文章的主要想表達(dá)的意思,這里屬于推理過(guò)度所以不選;
D選項(xiàng)“癌癥和其調(diào)查”,文中沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有,所以不選。
6.單選題
Thosefiguresarenotconsistent(
)theresultsobtainedinpreviousexperiments.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.with
C.for
D.in
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith意為“與……一致,與……符合”。
句意:數(shù)據(jù)與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不一致。
7.單選題
Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial()toitsburningtemperature.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.beheated
B.isheated
C.wouldheated
D.toheated
【答案】A
【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。requirement為主語(yǔ),所以后面應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,后面的動(dòng)詞形式是shoulddo,表示“要求······,其中should是可以省略的。Material與heat之間應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),所以應(yīng)該是shouldbeheated,其中should可以省略,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
8.單選題
Iwouldratherhavehis()thanhiscompany.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.room
B.house
C.coat
D.assets
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)room“房間;空間;余地;機(jī)會(huì);房間里所有的人”;B選項(xiàng)house“住宅;家庭;機(jī)構(gòu);議會(huì);某種用途的建筑物”;C選項(xiàng)coat“外套;上衣;大衣;女大衣”;D選項(xiàng)assets“資產(chǎn);寶貴的人才;有益的品質(zhì);財(cái)產(chǎn);有利條件;有價(jià)值的人或物”。ratherhaveone’sroomthanhiscompany“不愿與某人結(jié)伴為伍”,與preferone’sroomtohiscompany同義。句意:我不愿與他結(jié)伴為伍。
9.單選題
In()IwishIhadthoughtaboutalternativecoursesofaction.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.retrospect
B.disparity
C.succession
D.dissipation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。retrospect“回顧”,disparity“不同,不等”;succession“連續(xù)”,dissipation“浪費(fèi),消散”。inretrospect是固定搭配,意思是“回顧往事;檢討過(guò)去”,句意:回想過(guò)去,我希望我曾想過(guò)這個(gè)行動(dòng)的不同方案。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
10.單選題
Thephoto______happymemoriesofmyearlychildhood.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.refreshes
B.bringstomind
C.stimulates
D.reminds
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)refresh“更新,消除”,B項(xiàng)bringtomind“使人想起”,C項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激,鼓舞”,D項(xiàng)remind“提醒,使想起”,remindsb.ofsth.表示“使某人想起某事”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞photo“照片”和happymemories“快樂(lè)回憶”可知,B選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境。句意:這張照片使我回憶起童年的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
IrecentlyconductedasurveytoseewhatpeoplethoughtandknewaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.IdidthisbybringingupthesubjectofMLKDayincasualconversationswithpeopleandgaugingtheirreaction.(Thesamplingwas23friends,colleagues,andstrangers;10Black,9White,3Hispanic,1Asian;4werebetweentheages42-35and19were34-20.)AllknewKingasthefamousblackcivilrightsleaderwhowaskilled,butfewknewmuchmore.Themajorityofpeopleunder30—regardlessofrace—knewlittlemore,infact.
HowisitthatJill(black,27,collegeeducated)didnotknowthatMLKwasaNobelPeacePrizerecipient?OrthatTim(white,31,collegeeducated)wascluelessaboutKing’snonviolentapproachtocivilrightsactivism?
Darlene(black,23)thoughtsheshouldhavethedayofftosleepin.ShehadnoideatheMLKdayisreallyaboutdoingsomethingtoinspireothers.
Whatisthepointofhavingadaytomarkthemanifwedonotunderstandthesignificanceofhislife?HowisitthatnotonlyoneofthegreatestAmericans,butoneofthemostinfluentialhumansinthehistoryofourplanetisnotbetterknowninthiscountry?HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.
MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasmorethanjustaninspirationalblackleader.Hisdesireandabilitytoriseabovehisownfailingsandthoseoffellowhumansupliftedusall—boththosewhowerelivingatthetimeandthosewhohavecomeafter.Evenifwedonotknowit,ourworldisabetterplacebecauseofhislight.
Dr.King’slifewasextinguishedmorethan30yearsago,butnothislight.Itisstillhereforeachofustocarry,andtoilluminateevenbrighterwithourownuniquecreativityandcontributions.
MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasbornonJanuary15,1929inAtlanta,Georgia.AftergraduatingfromMorehouseCollegeandbecomingaminister,hemadehiswaytoMontgomery,Alabamain1954.Thiswasanimportantdecisionforitwasinthesamecitythat,onDecember1ofthefollowingyear,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.KingwaselectedpresidentoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationandledaboycottofMontgomerybusesthroughout1956,whichbroughthimnationalrecognition.
King’slegacyofnon-violentactivismwasinfluencedbytheteachingsofJesusandGandhi.KingreinforcedandexpandedhisBiblicalconvictionsduringavisittoIndiain1959,wherehestudiedGandhi’smethodsofnon-violentprotestsduringtheearly1960’s.
Agiftedorator,KingignitedtheworldandagenerationinthecauseforAmericancivilrightswithhis“IHaveaDream”speechonAug281963toacrowdof250000inWashington,D.C.
“Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeproteststodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce”...“Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal.”...“Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,‘Freeatlast!Freeatlast!ThankGodAlmighty,wearefreeatlast!’”
Dr.KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeandwasnamedTimemagazine’s“PersonoftheYear”in1964.InhisNobelPrizeacceptancespeech,hesaid,“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime:theneedformantoovercomeoppressionandviolencewithoutresortingtooppressionandviolence.Manmustevolveforallhumanconflictsamethodwhichrejectsrevenge,aggressionandretaliation.Thefoundationofsuchamethodislove.”
Kingwasoneofthemostextraordinaryhumanstoevergraceourplanet.Hewasamanwhomethateandhopelesswithloveandinspiration.Heusednon-violencetopointouttheobscenityofviolence.
MartinLutherKingwasgunneddownattheLorraineMotelinMemphisonApril4,1968.Somecallitirony.Ichoosetothinkofitashisfinallessontous.
1.ThePurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto().
2.“HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.”(Para.4)canbebestinterpretedas“()”.
3.AccordingtoDr.King,whatisthesolutiontomajorpoliticalandmoralproblems?
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.istrue?
5.Theoveralltoneofthearticlecanbebestsummarizedas().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.condemntheterroristactionofMartinLutherKing,Jr.'sassassination
B.honorMartinLutherKing,Jr.sinceMLKDayisdrawingnear
C.criticizethepresentgenerationsfortheirignoranceofDr.King
D.highlig
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