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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州現(xiàn)代信息工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:作者認(rèn)為,是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴(yán)重性?文章手段提到了關(guān)鍵詞“全球變暖”,并指向美國政府的不作為會導(dǎo)致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”,出于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治原因,美國政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干:關(guān)于有效控制碳排放的障礙,下列哪一項是正確的?由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”,說明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果。因此C選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:作者建議如何解決這個問題?最后一段中,作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”,說明作者建議美國政府為碳排放進(jìn)行定價,投資開發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Thetwopharmaceuticalcompaniescollaboratedindevelopingnewdrugsto()thepainofpatientsintheterminalstagesofcancer.

問題1選項

A.alleviate

B.confront

C.insulate

D.terminate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。alleviate"減輕,緩和";confront"勇敢地面對,正視";insulate"使絕緣,使隔離";terminate"結(jié)束,終止"。句意:這兩家制藥公司合作開發(fā)新藥,以減輕癌癥晚期患者的痛苦。選項A符合句意。

3.填空題

Severegovernmentcuts_______reducesocialandhealthprogrammesthatarevitalforthepoor.(vary)

【答案】invariably

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】橫線處修飾動詞reduce,政府資金的削減會使社會和衛(wèi)生項目減少,invariably意思為“始終如一地,一貫地”,符合語境。

【句意】政府資金的削減必然會使社會和衛(wèi)生項目減少,而這些項目對窮人來說至關(guān)重要。

4.單選題

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead(

)frombehind.

問題1選項

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法中情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。A項shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事(其實(shí)沒做)”;B項musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”;C項wouldhavedone表示“將會做某事”,常用于表達(dá)虛擬語氣;D項oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”,比shouldhavedone語氣強(qiáng),意思為根據(jù)責(zé)任或者義務(wù)應(yīng)該做。句意:警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項。

5.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.2.6

B.3.5

C.3.9

D.136

【答案】D

【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?

M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.

W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.

M:Great.

W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(鈉)136,andPotassium(鉀)3.9.

M:3.5.

W:No,that’s3.9

Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說:Sodium(鈉)136,故選D。

6.單選題

Melissaisacomputer()thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。genius“天才”;virus“病毒”;disease“疾病”;bacteria“細(xì)菌”,根據(jù)destroyedfilesincomputers“破壞電腦中的文件”,可知此處說的是電腦病毒。句意:米麗莎是一種電腦……,它能夠摧毀電腦中的文件,困擾了成千上萬的全球用戶。故正確答案為選項B。

7.單選題

Theteachersandparentsagreethatitisahintofwhatmightbeexpectedfrom()generations.

問題1選項

A.superb

B.subsequent

C.supreme

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項superb“極好的,華麗的”;B選項subsequent“隨后的”;C選項supreme“最高的,至高的”;D選項subordinate“從屬的,隸屬的”。句意:老師和家長都認(rèn)為這是對()代的期望。這里表達(dá)的句意是對subsequentgenerations“后代的期望”,因此B選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Modemindustryisbasedonthe()ofthemaximumproductionatthelowestcost.

問題1選項

A.plan

B.project

C.conception

D.idea

【答案】C

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)所基于的理念是低成本高產(chǎn)量。選項C符合語境。

9.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof().

問題1選項

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說服”;remedy“補(bǔ)救辦法”;encouragement“鼓勵”;compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意:如果一個人提及到他的弱點(diǎn),他的聽眾應(yīng)該說一些鼓勵他的話。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

The(

)ofthelakeiscoveredwithreedsandrushes.

問題1選項

A.beach

B.shore

C.coast

D.bank

【答案】B

【解析】句意:湖岸上覆蓋著蘆葦與雜草。

考查近義詞辨析。Beach海岸(主要指接近海水較為平坦的地方,其上往往覆蓋有沙子或碎石);shore水與陸地交界的“岸”(如:海岸、湖岸、河岸等);coast海岸,海岸線(通常只能指“海岸”,不指湖岸或河岸);bank大多指江河之岸,特別是高處水平以上的岸或堤岸。根據(jù)題干中的reedsandrushes(蘆葦和雜草)可知B項正確。

11.單選題

Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.

問題1選項

A.evolve

B.elevate

C.evoke

D.evince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項evolve“發(fā)展;進(jìn)化;使逐步形成;推斷出”;B選項elevate“提升;舉起;振奮情緒等;提升……的職位”;C選項evoke“引起,喚起;博得”;D選項evince“表明,表示”。句意:他們試圖___安德森當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)。本句表示“試圖提升安德森當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Thereasonthatthecityattractslotsofinhabitantsliesinthatit’sacityof().

問題1選項

A.intensity

B.diversity

C.adversity

D.necessity

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這個城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一個多元化的城市。

考查名詞辨析。Intensity強(qiáng)度,強(qiáng)烈;diversity不同(點(diǎn)),多樣性,多樣化;adversity困境,逆境;necessity必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。

13.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager()therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意:我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信,

近期在上述地址開展的維修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外;withthepurposeof目的是;withreferenceto關(guān)于;withaviewto為了。因此,C項符合句意。

14.單選題

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis(

)andhorizontallyspreadout.

問題1選項

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的;精明的;節(jié)儉的”;B選項reversible“可逆的;可撤銷的;可反轉(zhuǎn)的”;C選項diffuse“彌漫的,散開的”;D選項mandatory“強(qiáng)制的;托管的”。句意:甚至總統(tǒng)也不是真正的CEO。沒有人是。公司的權(quán)力集中在垂直結(jié)構(gòu)上。華盛頓的權(quán)力是……并且橫向分散的。由前后句意對比可知,此處應(yīng)表示華盛頓權(quán)力的結(jié)構(gòu)是分散的,水平的。因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe(

).

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

).

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

).

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?!迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中,有些人的行為舉止相當(dāng)奇特。當(dāng)人們滿懷希望地與他們交談,或?qū)χ委煹倪M(jìn)展表示滿意時,他們就會表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象,病情總是會惡化?!笨赏浦狣項“對弗洛伊德觀點(diǎn)的介紹”正確。其他三項都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對治療過程的反應(yīng)是相反的。”和theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們在治療過程中病情惡化,而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”??芍狝項與B項正確,故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對恢復(fù)的抗拒,而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”??芍狢項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動機(jī)是非常困難的,他堅持更明顯的解釋,即通過分析治療并不是對他的病例的正確治療”??芍狣項正確。

16.單選題

Weallwanttostandfirstinline,firstintheheartsofourcountry,firstinthepolls,firstinthestandings.The(1)ofNumberOneissurelyanimportantthinginsports,butforuniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportantasbeing(2)thebest.

Thetwenty-firstcenturyshowsno(3)ofinterestamongresearchers,institutions,donors,boardsoftrustees,andgovernmentsinusingvariousuniversityrankingsto(4)theperformanceofhighereducationinstitutions.Mostnationalresearchuniversitiesmeasurethemselves(5)awiderangeofdimensionsthattheinstitutionsbelieveimportantfordeterminingimprovementandsuccess.Atthesametime,nosingleindicatororcompositenumber(6)representswhatanindividualinstitutionhasdone,cando,orwilldo.Toimprovethequalityandproductivityofa(7)nationalresearchuniversity,itsfaculty,students,staff,andsupportersneedto(8)anumberofindicatorsthat,(9)together,giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength(10)tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry.

Manyindicators(11)thispurpose,butmostobserversknowthatresearch(12)morethananythingelsein(13)thebestinstitutions.Initsannualreports,TheCenterprovidesboththe(14)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresandthehighly-competitivefederally(15)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresasindicatorsofresearchscale.(16)thedollarsgiveagoodapproximationofresearchactivity,(17)isthefacultywhoprovidethecriticalresourceforuniversitysuccess,andTheCenterreportsthenumberofmembersoftheNationalAcademiesamonganinstitution’sfacultyalongwiththenumberofsignificantfacultyawardsearnedasindicatorsoffacultydistinction.Studentsprovidea(18)indicatorbyreflectingboththeexternallyperceivedqualityoftheinstitutionand(19)withtheirowncredentialsanimportantcontributiontothatquality.Forthegraduateandresearchinstructionaldimension,TheCenterprovidesthenumberofdoctorates(20)andthenumberofpostdoctoralappointmentssupported;andTheCenteroffersmedianSATscoresasindicatorsofstudentcompetitiveness.

問題1選項

A.eager

B.ambition

C.pursuit

D.desire

問題2選項

A.in

B.among

C.for

D.on

問題3選項

A.fewer

B.lessening

C.weaker

D.worsening

問題4選項

A.assess

B.assume

C.comment

D.reflect

問題5選項

A.as

B.for

C.on

D.in

問題6選項

A.moderately

B.accurately

C.equitably

D.fairly

問題7選項

A.major

B.main

C.basic

D.fundamental

問題8選項

A.pursue

B.evaluate

C.follow

D.appraise

問題9選項

A.taken

B.got

C.getting

D.taking

問題10選項

A.reference

B.superior

C.close

D.relative

問題11選項

A.meet

B.serve

C.fill

D.integrate

問題12選項

A.implies

B.means

C.symbolizes

D.matters

問題13選項

A.determining

B.disclosing

C.differentiating

D.defining

問題14選項

A.total

B.whole

C.major

D.sum

問題15選項

A.recognized

B.sponsored

C.sponsoring

D.recognizing

問題16選項

A.However

B.Therefore

C.While

D.Nevertheless

問題17選項

A.that

B.which

C.this

D.it

問題18選項

A.second

B.double

C.twice

D.twin

問題19選項

A.providing

B.provide

C.provided

D.provision

問題20選項

A.won

B.awarded

C.awarding

D.winning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】(1)語義連接。此處表示對第一的爭奪,追求。Eager渴望;ambition抱負(fù);pursuit追求;desire要求。

(2)邏輯分析。..foruniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportant:對許多大學(xué)來說,成為第一并不重要...。universities:用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式,可推測此處為:在一堆的大學(xué)中進(jìn)行比較,故選擇B項。

(3)語義連接。第一段提到到處可以見到爭“第一”的現(xiàn)象,所以這種現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)在依舊沒有減少,由此得出選擇B:減輕,變小,nolessening:沒有減小,符合句意。Fewer更少;lessening減輕,變小;weaker較弱的;worsening惡化的。

(4)動詞辨析??崭裉庍xA,意思是:評估高等院校的績效。A:評估;B:假設(shè);C:評論;D:反映。

(5)固定搭配。onawiderangeofdimensions:在一個更為廣闊的空間。

(6)副詞辨析。上一句提到評估要在一個更為廣闊的空間進(jìn)行,所以下一句句意為:nosingleindicatororcompositenumber...represents:單個的指標(biāo)或合成數(shù)不能準(zhǔn)確地反映出情況,選B:精準(zhǔn)地,準(zhǔn)確地。A:適度地;C:公正地;D:公平地。

(7)固定搭配。majornationalresearchuniversity:重點(diǎn)國家級研究型大學(xué)。

(8)動詞辨析。對大學(xué)的評估要依據(jù)不同的指標(biāo),故選擇C,依據(jù)。A:追趕;B:評價,評估;D:評價,鑒定。

(9)固定搭配。takentogether:總算,合起來。

(10)短語辨析。giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength20tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry:對其成績與實(shí)務(wù)給出一個合理的近似值,參照國內(nèi)最好的大學(xué)。由此得出選擇D:relativeto:相對于,涉及,有關(guān)。A:參考,參照,是名詞,后面不接介詞。B:superiorto:優(yōu)于,比...越。C:closeto:接近。

(11)動詞辨析。上文提到對研究院的考核要遵循一些指標(biāo),故Manyindicatorsservesthispurpose:許多指標(biāo)服務(wù)于這個目的,故選擇B:服務(wù)。

(12)動詞辨析。句意:研究院的成果對學(xué)院的考核很重要。因此D項符合句意。A:暗示;B:手段,方式;C:象征,代表;D:要緊。

(13)動詞辨析。此處句意為:依據(jù)指標(biāo)對研究院進(jìn)行考核,再評定其是不是最好的學(xué)院。故D項符合句意。A:測定,決定;B:公開;C:區(qū)分;D:定義,界定。

(14)形容詞辨析。Initsannualreports意思是:在年度報告中。所以推測此處為:搜集全部的資料。故選A。

(15)動詞辨析&語法分析。此處指的是聯(lián)邦政府對大學(xué)的贊助。這里應(yīng)該用sponsor的過去分詞形式,表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生。

(16)邏輯分析。此處表示:從事研究所需的經(jīng)費(fèi)到齊之時。故選擇C:當(dāng)...時候,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

(17)語法分析。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+其他部分。故選擇D。A:那個;B:哪個;C:這個。

(18)語義連接。句子中用到:both...and:兩者都...,可知這兩方面都發(fā)揮了作用,故選擇B:雙重的,兩倍的。

(19)動詞辨析。此處意思為:學(xué)生們提供了一些指標(biāo)反映學(xué)院的實(shí)力,故選擇A:提供,現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨,表主動。B:提供;C:假如;D:規(guī)定,條款。

(20)固定搭配。doctoratesawarded:被授予博士頭銜。

17.單選題

It’shightimewe()cuttingdowntherainforests.

問題1選項

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。

語法題??疾樘摂M語氣。it'shightime(that)sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C,D。B項為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime(that)sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。

18.單選題

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI(

).

問題1選項

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)?!癮ssoonas”引導(dǎo)的為時間狀語從句,由主句的謂語動詞decide可知主句為一般現(xiàn)在時,根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng),即主句用現(xiàn)在時,從句也用現(xiàn)在時,因此選A。句意:我決定一完成我所做的事情就去看電影。

19.單選題

()hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.

問題1選項

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。句意:雖然他周末很想和朋友們出去,但他不得不留下來完成作業(yè)。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示盡管時,要將賓語或副詞倒裝,muchas表示盡管很……,因此B選項正確。

20.單選題

The()fromunderdevelopedcountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothesoaringdemandforhigh-techprofessionalsindevelopednations.

問題1選項

A.braindamage

B.braintrust

C.brainfever

D.braindrain

【答案】D

【解析】考查語義。A選項braindamage“腦損傷”;B選項braintrust“智囊團(tuán)”;C選項brainfever“腦膜炎”;D選項braindrain“人才外流”,句意為:由于發(fā)達(dá)國家對高科技專業(yè)人才的需求激增,來自不發(fā)達(dá)國家的人才外流很可能會增加。braindrain“人才外流”符合題意,因此選D。

21.翻譯題

科學(xué)的最終目的是提供一種描繪整個宇宙的簡單理論。然而,大多科學(xué)家實(shí)際采用的方法是將這個問題分成兩個部分。第一部分是一些告知我們宇宙隨著時間的推移而變化的方式的規(guī)律。第二部分是對宇宙初始狀態(tài)的疑問。有些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)只應(yīng)該關(guān)注第一部分。他們把宇宙初始狀態(tài)的問題看成是玄學(xué)或宗教要回答的問題。

【答案】Theultimateaimofscienceistoobtainasimpletheorywhichcandescribesthewholeuniverse.However,mostscientistsineffectseparatetheissueintotwoparts.Thefirstpartiscomposedoflawshowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Thesecondpartconsistsofthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverse.Somepeoplebelievethatscienceshouldonlyfocusonthefirstpartwhereasthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverseshouldbeansweredbymetaphysicsorreligions.

22.單選題

AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.In1873,ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel.HebuilttheJ.EdgarThomsonsteelMillspearPittsburgh,andfromthatmomenton,theCarnegieEmpirewasoneofconstantexpansion.Lateron,theCarnegieSteelCo.becameanimmenseorganization.ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts.

Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass.InspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood.Hebelievedinthesocialresponsibilityofthemanofwealthtosociety.Hemustsaveasastewardforthefortune;hehasearnedandusedthatfortunetoprovidegreatopportunityforallandtoincreaseman’sknowledgeofhimselfandofhisuniverse.Furthermore,Carnegiebeintheformoffreecharitybutrathermustbeasabuttresstothecommunity’sresponsibilityforitsownpeople.WhenCarnegiediedinLenox,Mass,onAugust11,1919,mostofhisfortunewasalreadygone.PeoplewonderthatifCarnegiehadknownthiswhenhewasalive,hewouldhavespreadmostofhiswealthtothepoorpeople.

1.Carnegiewasabletodevelophisvastindustrialfortunes(

).

2.Carnegiefollowinghisancestor’sfootsteps(

).

3.TheindustryCarnegiewasnotconcernedwithwas(

).

4.Carnegie’stripstoEngland(

).

5.Whichhappenedfirst?

6.AndrewCarnegie’sPhilanthropicideals(

).

問題1選項

A.withtheactoffiveenterprisesystem

B.throughlargeloansfromtheAmericangovernment

C.becausetheAmericangovernmenthadspecialtariffstoprotecttheAmericansteelandironindustry

D.becausehehadrelativesintheEnglishandindustry

問題2選項

A.bydevelopingalargeindustrialcompany

B.incaringforandimprovingbenefitsfortheworkerandthepoor

C.byfurtheringSpencer’sphilosophy

D.bybeingafollowerofsocialDarwinism

問題3選項

A.themanufacturingofsteel

B.thetransportingofthefinishedproduct

C.themovementofrawmaterials

D.thelumberbusiness

問題4選項

A.werepurelyforpleasureandvisitingrelatives

B.introducedhimtotheCharitistidealswhichwouldinfluencehislife

C.helpedhimgainsteelcontractswithBritishindustrialists

D.ledhimtobelievethattheindustrialfuturewouldbewithsteel

問題5選項

A.ThefoundationoftheCarnegieSteelCo.

B.TheintroductionofChartistideals

C.ThefoundationoftheJ.EdgarThomsonSteelmills

D.AndrewCarnegie’stripstoGreatBritain

問題6選項

A.developedfromhisintroductiontosocialDarwinism

B.developedthroughhiseducationunderSpencer

C.developedformtheCharitistidealsofhisboyhood

D.resultedfromunionstrikesandunrestattheCarnegieSteelCompany

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.提到安德魯?shù)牡谝煌敖鹗且驗(yàn)殇撹F產(chǎn)業(yè)受到政府的關(guān)稅保護(hù),所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass提到安德魯沒有擯棄祖先留下激進(jìn)的理想主義信念,夢想讓工人階級能從中獲利。因此選項B符合題意。

3.第一段最后一句ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts提到了卡內(nèi)基帝國所涉及的一些業(yè)務(wù),可知并沒有涉及木材生意。所以選項D符合題意。

4.文章第一段ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel提到這次旅行讓他相信未來的工業(yè)重心是鋼鐵業(yè),因此選項D符合題意。

5.文章第二段CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到致力于成為慈善家的想法是卡內(nèi)基從小男孩時代就有的,所以這個是發(fā)生地最早的事,選項B符合題意。

6.文章第二段inspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到由于從小受斯賓塞哲學(xué)和達(dá)爾文主義的影響,卡內(nèi)基從小就有著仁慈的心腸。選項B符合題意。

23.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.美國和歐洲這些老牌的科研大國自1945年起一直主宰科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域。但該大西洋軸心可能到2045年不復(fù)維持此中心地位,甚至可能早到2020年就會如此。

47.新的地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正加強(qiáng)新興科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)體國家的實(shí)力,并改變著全球科學(xué)研究活動的平衡。

48.從更廣范圍的公眾視野來看,合作一般來說是件好事。知識可以通過合作得以更好地傳播和融合,合作的論文也會被他人更多的引用。

49.這些共同合作者的出版信息極易獲得,涵蓋諸多國家和研究領(lǐng)域,而且近幾十年來一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》雜志收到的信件數(shù)量與60多年前相似,但作者數(shù)量至少是60年前的4倍。類似的情況在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)、法律等很多學(xué)科也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。

24.單選題

Theoldgentlemanwasavery______lookingperson,withgreyhairandgoldspectacles.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respective

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.respectful表示敬意的,尊敬的B.respected尊重,尊敬v.

C.respective分別的,各自的D.respectable體面的,得體的,值得尊敬的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞oldgentleman(老紳士)可知,avery______lookingperson表示的是“看起來值得尊敬的”。因此,該題選擇D項

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