書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第一句話“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些動(dòng)植物發(fā)展出來一些特征，幫助它們比其他同類更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境。”可以推斷出本題正確答案選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。選項(xiàng)A“環(huán)境；上下文語境”；選項(xiàng)B“環(huán)境；周圍的事物”；選項(xiàng)C“鄰居”；選項(xiàng)D“敵人”。單詞所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根據(jù)上題的分析，environments應(yīng)該指的是周圍的事物所形成的環(huán)境。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是因?yàn)橐谌氕h(huán)境?！边@句話是對(duì)本段第一句主旨句的舉例論證，由此推斷，動(dòng)物的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是為了融入環(huán)境和適應(yīng)環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)D更符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第三段前面兩句話“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有機(jī)體有許多適應(yīng)方式，它們也許在結(jié)構(gòu)上，功能上和遺傳方面適應(yīng)……”由這句話可知選項(xiàng)A、B和C都是動(dòng)物改變自我適應(yīng)環(huán)境的方式。選項(xiàng)D在文章中沒有提到。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有機(jī)體可以創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境，就像恒溫的哺乳動(dòng)物一樣，盡管天氣變化，它們也能調(diào)節(jié)自己的體溫?！庇纱丝芍髡咭煤銣夭溉閯?dòng)物保持體溫的行為是為了說明它們能夠創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境。故正確答案選A。

2.單選題

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.沒有人會(huì)想到，一個(gè)為100萬居民設(shè)計(jì)的城市供水系統(tǒng)，能夠在短短幾年內(nèi)應(yīng)對(duì)人口增長(zhǎng)1000倍的情況。”以及最后兩句“Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)者深謀遠(yuǎn)慮地選擇了能夠處理40億個(gè)地址的編號(hào)系統(tǒng)，而不是能夠支持幾千或幾百萬個(gè)地址的編號(hào)系統(tǒng)。但現(xiàn)在，即使這樣也還不夠。”由此可知，這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)是不合理的，因?yàn)闆]有考慮到人口暴增的問題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.這個(gè)被稱為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議4(IPv4)的尋址系統(tǒng)無法跟上涌入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電腦、手機(jī)、手持設(shè)備、游戲機(jī)，甚至是汽車和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4尋址系統(tǒng)跟不上如此多的信息，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.短缺并不是唯一的問題；復(fù)雜性也在不斷增加?！庇纱丝芍琁Pv4潛在的問題是不斷增加的復(fù)雜性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句以及第四段的首句“WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,…如果沒有IPv4的替代方案，部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)最終將遭遇不定時(shí)的中斷。幸運(yùn)的是，一種新的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在，叫作IPv6……”接著后面提到IPv6彌補(bǔ)了IPv4的不足，由此可推斷，IPv6可以作為IPv4的替代品，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章前半部分首先提出了IPv4所出現(xiàn)的問題，接著后面講到了解決這些問題的替換方案，也就是IPv6，所以選項(xiàng)D作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

3.單選題

Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loss

B.stake

C.danger

D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)loss“損失”；B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”，atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)threat“威脅，恐嚇；兇兆”。句意：農(nóng)民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因?yàn)樗麄兠媾R著更多______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是沒有下雨的話，農(nóng)民比城市里的人面臨更多不確定因素，結(jié)合短語atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)splinter“碎片”；B選項(xiàng)index“指數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)axis“軸線”；D選項(xiàng)trace“痕跡”。句意：金星和地球一樣，繞著太陽公轉(zhuǎn)，也繞著自己的軸心自轉(zhuǎn)。本句表示自轉(zhuǎn)軸。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ThisAfricancountryhasbeen（）bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afflicted

B.conflicted

C.despaired

D.inclined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦惱”；B選項(xiàng)conflict表示“沖突，矛盾；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；斗爭(zhēng)”；C選項(xiàng)despair表示“絕望，喪失信心”；D選項(xiàng)incline表示“傾向于，有……傾向”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“civilwar,famineandflood（內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、饑荒和洪水）”可知，這個(gè)非洲國(guó)家一直飽受這些災(zāi)害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Theshipswerefoundtobeunsuitablefortheconditionsinwhichtheyhadsupposedlybeen

A

B

C

D

adapted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.unsuitable

C.unsuitable

D.supposedly

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。C選項(xiàng)為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，adaptto（適應(yīng)）為固定搭配，此處將介提前，因此用介詞to。

試題答案：C;towhich

7.單選題

I（）thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed確認(rèn),堅(jiān)定;uphold支持,維護(hù);overwhelmed壓倒,淹沒;established制定,建立。句意：我維護(hù)正義,盡我最大的努力與腐敗作斗爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(膽怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.我們從第一段得知____。

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackA.恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國(guó)一座大城市陷入混亂

B.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterroristsB.美國(guó)人沒有對(duì)付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableC.公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactoryD.緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞firstparagraph定位到原文第1段。該段第2句提到“恐怖分子通過電子手段侵入（electronicallybreakintothecomputers）控制美國(guó)一個(gè)大城市（alargeAmericancity）供水的電腦”，最后一句提到“商業(yè)癱瘓（Businessesareparalyzed），醫(yī)院人滿為患（hospitalsareoverwhelmed），人們?cè)噲D逃離，道路堵塞（roadsaregridlocked）。”由此可知，恐怖分子的電子攻擊使美國(guó)一座大城市陷入了癱瘓，A選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國(guó)一座大城市陷入混亂”表述符合第一段內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人沒有對(duì)付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，原文只提到了恐怖分子的一次襲擊，并未提到美國(guó)人是否有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱”，原文雖然是說恐怖分子攻擊了供水系統(tǒng)的電腦（thecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity），但作者是為了突出恐怖襲擊的恐怖，而不是公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)脆弱。再說也不能單純從這一個(gè)事件就推斷它們的系統(tǒng)脆弱，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意”，原文第1段倒數(shù)第二句提到了“在緊急救援部門努力應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)（Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond），恐怖分子再次發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊。”所以說不是緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)不夠及時(shí)，而是恐怖襲擊太緊湊，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.提到悲觀論者，作者暗示____。

A.theirworriesarequitereasonableA.他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyB.他們的警告應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingC.他們夸大了公用事業(yè)公司面對(duì)的威脅

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrikeD.他們熟悉恐怖分子的襲擊方式

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thedoom-mongers定位到原文第2段。本段第一句提到“這些場(chǎng)景（第一段的內(nèi)容）是悲觀論者提出的（invokedbydoom-mongers）”由上一題可知，原文第1段提到“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國(guó)一座大城市陷入混亂?！钡堑?段最后一句質(zhì)疑了一位悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)“他是正確的嗎？”第3段第2句提到“但是，僅僅因?yàn)殡娏镜目蛻艨梢栽诰€支付賬單，并不一定意味著（itdoesnotnecessarily）該公司的關(guān)鍵控制系統(tǒng)容易受到攻擊（arevulnerabletoattack）。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)夸大了公共事業(yè)公司系統(tǒng)的脆弱程度，C選項(xiàng)“他們夸大了公用事業(yè)公司面對(duì)的威脅”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理”，與原文作者觀點(diǎn)相反，作者認(rèn)為他們的擔(dān)憂存在夸大因素，不會(huì)認(rèn)為“他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“他們的警告應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待”，與原文作者觀點(diǎn)相反，作者認(rèn)為他們的擔(dān)憂存在夸大因素，他們的警告也是過分擔(dān)憂，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“他們熟悉恐怖分子的襲擊方式”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.高德納咨詢公司（Gartner）認(rèn)為____。

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attackA.恐怖分子可能會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)另一次“珍珠港”襲擊

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrikeB.恐怖分子有充足的資金和時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備一次驚人的襲擊

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructureC.攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructureD.恐怖分子不太可能訴諸電子手段襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Gartnerconsultant定位到原文第4段，本段提到了高德納咨詢公司和美國(guó)海軍戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)學(xué)院做的一個(gè)模擬得出的結(jié)論，“對(duì)美國(guó)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的‘電子珍珠港’攻擊（an‘electronicPearlHarbor’attack）確實(shí)會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重破壞，但首先需要五年的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備和2億美元的資金（fiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding）。”由此可知，該公司認(rèn)為采用電子手段襲擊美國(guó)的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是昂貴且耗時(shí)的。本段最后一句提到“攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有更簡(jiǎn)單、成本更低的（farsimplerandlesscostlyway）方法，從惡作劇電話到卡車炸彈和劫持飛機(jī)?！庇纱丝芍摴菊J(rèn)為恐怖分子會(huì)選擇其他更簡(jiǎn)單、成本更低的方式，而非電子手段。因此，D選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子不太可能訴諸電子手段襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子可能會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)另一次‘珍珠港’襲擊”，原文提到“珍珠港”襲擊只是把恐怖分子對(duì)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的電子手段攻擊比喻成“電子珍珠港襲擊”，并不是說他們要再次發(fā)動(dòng)“珍珠港”襲擊，另外，該公司認(rèn)為電子手段昂貴又耗時(shí)，恐怖分子不會(huì)采取這種方式，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子有充足的資金和時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備一次驚人的襲擊”，原文只是提到用電子手段攻擊美國(guó)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施昂貴又耗時(shí)，并沒有提到恐怖分子是否有“充足的資金和時(shí)間”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的”，原文是說“用電子手段”攻擊關(guān)鍵的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的，并不是說只要攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施就是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的，更何況，第四段最后一句還提到了有更簡(jiǎn)單、成本更低的方式，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.“____的方法”（第5段）可能指以____為特征的方法。

A.flexibilityA.靈活

B.boldnessB.大膽

C.cowardiceC.膽怯

D.conservatismD.保守

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph5和Lily-liveredapproach定位到原文第5段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“但實(shí)際上，這種____的做法可能是正確的。”由此可知，Lily-livered形容的是上文提到的某個(gè)做法。前兩句提到“理查德?克拉克公布了人們期待已久的保護(hù)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施免受數(shù)字攻擊的藍(lán)圖”，并且給出的評(píng)價(jià)是“它（這個(gè)藍(lán)圖）有點(diǎn)膽怯（adampsquib），沒有給出任何確定的建議，也沒有提出任何新規(guī)定或法律條文?！庇蒩dampsquib推斷，這種方法的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)“膽怯”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“靈活”、B選項(xiàng)“大膽”、D選項(xiàng)“保守”，均不符合原文。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.我們從最后一段中可知____。

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”A.由于“千年蟲問題”，計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)遭受了巨大的損失。

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurityB.比起國(guó)家安全，悲觀論者更關(guān)心自己的利益

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongersC.計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的判斷力比那些危言聳聽者強(qiáng)

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironmentD.環(huán)保主義者因其保護(hù)環(huán)境的努力而受到批評(píng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。最后一段第2句提到“當(dāng)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在一樣，技術(shù)供應(yīng)商和顧問們發(fā)出了警報(bào)，他們從散布恐慌中獲利（stoodtogainfromscare-mongering）。”最后一句提到“安全行業(yè)的人——無論是試圖推動(dòng)銷售的供應(yīng)商、追求撥款的學(xué)者，還是尋求更大預(yù)算的政客——都有一種內(nèi)在的動(dòng)機(jī)去夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（abuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks）。”由此可知，安全行業(yè)的人像當(dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)供應(yīng)商和顧問們一樣，只是為了自己的利益，夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，散播恐慌，并非是因?yàn)閾?dān)心國(guó)家安全，B選項(xiàng)“比起國(guó)家安全，悲觀論者更關(guān)心自己的利益”，原文中這些夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人就是作者所說的悲觀論者。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于‘千年蟲問題’，計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)遭受了巨大的損失”，可定位到最后一段第1句，該句提到“千年蟲問題——把日期改到2000年”和“關(guān)于該漏洞導(dǎo)致大范圍的計(jì)算機(jī)混亂的預(yù)測(cè)”，原文只是“預(yù)測(cè)”，并沒有明確地說“計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)因此遭受了巨大的損失”，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的判斷力比那些危言聳聽者強(qiáng)”，原文最后一段第3句提到計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家“將危言聳聽者與環(huán)境游說團(tuán)體進(jìn)行類比（drawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby）”，并沒有對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家和那些危言聳聽者的判斷力進(jìn)行比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保主義者因其保護(hù)環(huán)境的努力而受到批評(píng)”，原文最后一段第3句雖然提到了“環(huán)境游說團(tuán)體（theenvironmentallobby）”，并且提到他們是做負(fù)面的例子，但是他們?cè)馐芘u(píng)并不是因?yàn)椤八麄優(yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境做出的努力”，而是因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)榱俗约旱睦?，夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks）。該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

9.單選題

Atradegroupforliquorretailersputoutapressreleasewithanalarmingheadline:“MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals.”

Theannouncement,fromtheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericareceivedwidemediaattention.OnNBC’sTodayShow,LeaThompsonsaid,“Accordingtoanewonlinesurvey,onein10teenagershaveanunderagefriendwhohasorderedbeer,wineorliquorovertheinternet.Morethanathirdthinktheycaneasilydoitandnearlyhalfthinktheywon’tgetcaught.”Severalnewspapersmentionedthestudy,includingUSATodayandtheRecordofNewJersey.ThenewsevenmadeAustralia’sGoldCoastBulletin.

Aremillionsofkidsreallybuyingboozeonline?Toarriveatthatjarringheadline,thegroupusedsomequestionablelogictopumpupresultsfromasurveythatwasalreadytiltedinfavoroffindingalargenumberofonlinebuyer.

Forstarters,considerthesource.Thetradegroupthatcommissionedthesurveyhaslongfoughteffortstoexpandonlinesalesofalcohol;itsmembersarelocaldistributorswhocompetewithonlineliquorsellers.Someofthenewscoveragepointedoutthatconflictofinterest,thoughreportsdidn’tdelvemoredeeplyintohowthenumberswerecomputed.

TheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericahiredTeenageResearchUnlimited,aresearchcompany,todesignthestudy.TeenageResearch,inturn,hiredSanDiegopollingfirmLuthResearchtoputthequestionsto1,001peoplebetweentheagesof14and20inanonlinesurvey.Luthgetspeopletoparticipateinitssurveysinpartbyadvertisingthemonlineandofferingsmallcashawards—typicallylessthan$5forshortsurveys.

Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare.(Also,peoplewhoactuallytakethetimetocompletesuchsurveysmaybemorelikelytobeactive,orheavyinternetusers.)It’ssafetosaythatkidswhousetheinternetregularlyaremorelikelytoshoponlinethanthosewhodon’t.TeenageResearchUnlimitedtoldmeitweightedthesurveyresultstoadjustforage,sex,ethnicityandgeographyofrespondents,buthadnowaytoadjustfordegreeofinternetusage.

Regardless,thesurveyfoundthat,afterweighting,just2.1pointsofthe1,001respondentsboughtalcoholonline—comparedwith56pointswhohadconsumedalcohol.MakingthequestionableassumptionthattheirsamplewasrepresentativeofallAmericansaged14to20withaccesstotheinternet—andnotjustthosewiththetimeandinclinationtoparticipateinonlinesurveys—theresearchersconcludedthat551,000werebuyingalcoholonline.

Butthatfallsfarshortofthereported“millionsofkids”.Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers’groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline.Some12pointssaidtheydid.Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap.Considerahighschoolof1,000students,with20whohaveboughtboozeonlineand100whoknowaboutthepurchases.If100oftheschool’sstudentsaresurveyedatrandom,you’dexpecttofindtwowhohaveboughtand10whoknowsomeonewhohas—butthatstillrepresentsonlytwobuyers,not10.（Nottomentionthefactthatthinkingyouknowsomeonewhohasorderedbeeronlineisquitedifferentfromorderingasixpackyourself.）

KarenGravoisElliott,aspokeswomanforthewholesalers’group,toldme,“Thenumbersarereal,”butreferredquestionsaboutmethodologytoTeenageResearch.WhenIaskedheraboutthepotentialproblemsofconductingthesurveyonline,shesaidthemediumwasastrengthofthesurvey:“Wespecificallywantedtolookattheteenageonlinepopulation.”

NahmeChokeir,avicepresidentofclientserviceforSanDiego-basedLuthResearchInc.,toldmethatsomeofhisonlinepanelcomesfromwordofmouth,whichwouldn’tnecessarilyskewtowardheavyinternetusers.Headdedthatsomeclientsdesignsurveystoscreenrespondentsbyonlineusage,thoughTeenageResearchdidn’t.

IaskedMichaelWood,avicepresidentatTeenageResearchwhoworkedonthesurvey,whetheronecouldsay,astheliquortradegroupdid,thatmillionsofteenagershadboughtalcoholonline.“Youcan’t,”hereplied,adding,“Thisistheirpressrelease.”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemessagethatthispassageistryingtoconvey?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatiswrongwiththereportaboutkidsbuyingalcohol?

3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“extrapolate”inparagraph8?

4.Bysaying“Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers'groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline”,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobethesourceforproblemsinthissurvey?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theseveresocialconsequencesofkidsbuyingalcoholonline.

B.ThehiddendrawbackoftheAmericaneducationalsystem.

C.Theinfluenceofwidecoverageofnewsmedia.

D.Theproblemsinstatisticmethodologyinsocialsurvey.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunethicaltooffercashawardstosubjectsofsurvey.

B.Thenumbersinthisreportwerefalsified.

C.Thesamplesandstatisticmethodswerenotusedlogically.

D.Thestudydesignersandsurveyconductorswerebribed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Conduct.

B.Infer.

C.Deduct.

D.Whittle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itisabsurdtoconductasurveyamongteenagers

B.thewaysthewholesalers'groupconductedsurve