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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-應(yīng)天職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thegirlinthephotowearsabroadsmile,herwavyhair______overhershoulders.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.flows
B.flow
C.flowing
D.flowed
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.flows流動(dòng),飄垂(單數(shù)形式)B.flow流動(dòng),飄垂(原形)
C.flowing流動(dòng),飄垂(現(xiàn)在分詞)D.flowed流動(dòng),飄垂(過去分詞)
【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
【解題思路】這個(gè)句子已經(jīng)有主謂賓,所以空格處的動(dòng)詞只能以非謂語的形式出現(xiàn);而空格處的邏輯主語與主句的邏輯主語不一致,所以后半部分應(yīng)該為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是:名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式/介詞短語/名詞/副詞,這里flow和hair之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用flowing,C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、B選項(xiàng)不是非謂語形式,不符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu);
D選項(xiàng)表示被動(dòng),不符合語義邏輯。
【句意】照片中的女孩笑容燦爛,波浪般的頭發(fā)飄垂在肩上。
2.單選題
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.
B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.
C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.
D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.
B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.
C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.
D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.
B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.
C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.
D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.
B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.
C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.
D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】PassageTwo
IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.
12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問說話者剛開始工作的時(shí)候,我們可以了解到什么?錄音開頭提到,當(dāng)說話者剛開始工作的時(shí)候,偶爾會(huì)在電梯里瞥一眼自己,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己看起來一團(tuán)糟(Ilookedatotalmess)。后面指出,之所以一團(tuán)糟是因?yàn)榉b的原因,因此B選項(xiàng)“她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的服裝很不合適”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)廣告不感興趣”利用錄音開頭的“advertising”設(shè)置干擾,錄音說的是說話人從事的是廣告業(yè),并未提及她對(duì)廣告業(yè)不感興趣,因此排除;C選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)時(shí)尚潮流不滿意”,錄音開頭說的是,說話者喜歡跟隨當(dāng)下的潮流,因此C選項(xiàng)不正確;D選項(xiàng)“她經(jīng)常照鏡子檢查自己”在錄音中并未提及,因此也可排除。
13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】題目問說話者談及的制服被發(fā)明的原因。錄音中提到,沒有人可以每天穿著獨(dú)一無二的衣服,這就是制服被發(fā)明的原因。A選項(xiàng)“為了省去每天選不同衣服的煩惱”與原文意思表述相符,因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“滿足有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的客戶的期望”和D選項(xiàng)“節(jié)省服裝開支”在錄音中均未提及,因此排除;C選項(xiàng)“跟上當(dāng)前的潮流”,利用錄音開頭的keepupwithcurrenttrends設(shè)置干擾,但這并不是發(fā)明制服的原因,因此不正確。
14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問的是說話者關(guān)于“看起來更時(shí)尚”的看法。在錄音后半部分,說話者提出一個(gè)問題,即看起來更時(shí)尚是否會(huì)提升我們的工作能力,接下來隨即對(duì)此進(jìn)行了回答,如果你的工作需要與其他人進(jìn)行面對(duì)面交談,則答案是肯定的,C選項(xiàng)“這在需要與他人接洽的工作中很重要”與原文意思表述一致,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“這能提高人們獨(dú)立工作的能力”和D選項(xiàng)“這能增強(qiáng)求職者的信心”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“這幫助人們?cè)谒麄兯龅娜魏问虑樯先〉贸晒Α闭f法過于絕對(duì),不符合題意。
15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問在這個(gè)看重外貌形象的世界里,說話者建議人們?cè)趺醋??錄音結(jié)尾提到,說話者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該竭盡所能去做能實(shí)現(xiàn)工作目標(biāo)的事情,包括謹(jǐn)慎塑造自己的形象,這都是值得的。D選項(xiàng)“做任何能(使我們的形象)看起來時(shí)尚的事情”與原文意思符合,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)他們自己的制服,使其看起來獨(dú)一無二”;B選項(xiàng)“穿經(jīng)典的衣服給客戶留下深刻印象”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)抗不斷變化的時(shí)尚潮流”均不正確,在原文找不到相關(guān)依據(jù),因此排除。
3.翻譯題
TherisingpopularityoftextmessagingonmobilephonesposesathreattowritingstandardsamongIrishschoolchildren,anIrisheducationcommissionsays.
Thefrequencyoferrorsingrammarandpunctuationhasbecomeaseriousconcern,theStateExaminationCommissionsaidinareportafterreviewinglastyear’sexamperformanceby15-year-olds.
"Theemergenceofthemobilephoneandtheriseoftextmessagingasapopularmeansofcommunicationwouldappeartohaveimpactedonstandardsofwritingasevidencedintheresponsesofcandidates,"thereportsaid,accordingtoWednesday'sIrishTimes.
"Textmessaging,withitsuseofphoneticspellingandlittleornopunctuation,seemstoposeathreattotraditionalconventionsinwriting."
Thereportlamentsthat,inmanycases,candidatesseemed"undulyreliantonshortsentences,simpletenseandalimitedvocabulary."
In2003,Irish15-year-oldswereamongthetop10performersinaninternationalleaguetableofliteracystandardscompiledbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.
【答案】愛爾蘭某教育委員會(huì)稱,手機(jī)短信的日益普及對(duì)愛爾蘭學(xué)生的書寫規(guī)范造成了威脅。
愛爾蘭國家考試委員會(huì)在針對(duì)去年15歲學(xué)生考試成績的評(píng)論報(bào)告中稱,語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤頻頻出現(xiàn),已成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。
據(jù)周三的《愛爾蘭時(shí)報(bào)》消息,這份報(bào)告中稱,“手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和手機(jī)短信日益成為一種流行的交流方式,對(duì)書寫規(guī)范造成了不良影響,這在考生的答卷中得到了證明?!?/p>
“發(fā)手機(jī)短信常用語音輸入法,很少或根本不用標(biāo)點(diǎn),這對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的書寫規(guī)范造成了威脅?!?/p>
報(bào)告指出,在很多情況下,考生“過度使用短句和簡單的時(shí)態(tài),所用的詞匯也很有限?!?/p>
2003年,在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織編制的一份國際識(shí)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排行榜上,愛爾蘭15歲兒童的表現(xiàn)躋身前10名。
4.單選題
Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.
Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.
Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.
People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.
Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.
Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.
1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.
2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.
3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.
4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?
5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation
B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline
C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties
D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thepoliticalsystemofanation
B.theeconomyofanation
C.themarketforce
D.thegovernmentofanation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters
B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment
C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost
D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.
B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.
C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.
D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline
B.findwaystofightunemployment
C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity
D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段指出有許多因素影響經(jīng)濟(jì)功能的實(shí)現(xiàn),第二段講政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用,第三段講國際情況對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,第四段講人們的態(tài)度影響經(jīng)濟(jì),第五段講還有其他影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的因素,而這些非常復(fù)雜,第六段講述對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢相對(duì)應(yīng)的措施。綜上所述,本文講述的是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素,A選項(xiàng)“討論影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素”正確。B選項(xiàng)“探究周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因”,C選項(xiàng)“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會(huì)中扮演的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“為挽救經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退提出補(bǔ)救措施”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,屬于以偏概全。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.(機(jī)器越大,部件越多,發(fā)生故障的可能性就越大,維修成本也就越高。),結(jié)合該段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.(現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模龐大,非常復(fù)雜。),可知這里的機(jī)器指的是國家經(jīng)濟(jì),B選項(xiàng)“國家經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“國家的政治制度”,C選項(xiàng)“市場力量”和D選項(xiàng)“國家政府”:不是此處表達(dá)的意思,屬于偷換概念。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…(所有的法規(guī)都會(huì)影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式,往往會(huì)增加成本,降低利潤……例如,汽車尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……),可知這個(gè)例子是為了證明上面的論點(diǎn),也就是國家法規(guī)可能會(huì)提高成本,影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式,C選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)可能會(huì)增加成本,從而影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營”正確。B選項(xiàng)“國家政策傾向于降低利潤,抑制投資”:國家制定政策的目的不是限制企業(yè)的發(fā)展,而是為了維護(hù)公眾的權(quán)益,屬于偷換概念。A選項(xiàng)“政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)是有害的”:作者沒有表明這件事情有害,屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)法規(guī)并不是為了保護(hù)公眾”:根據(jù)第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.(在大量的規(guī)章制度中,大部分是為了保護(hù)公眾。),可知大多數(shù)法規(guī)是為了保護(hù)公眾,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature(恐慌,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和蕭條的原因很復(fù)雜),可知這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因太復(fù)雜,有眾多因素,C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@背后有太多的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)闆]有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家無所不知”:根據(jù)第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.(例如,造成上世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條的因素如此之多,以至于沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家能夠解釋所有這些因素。),這里表達(dá)的是原因太多,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不能解釋,而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家知道的不多,屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗偸前殡S著一段時(shí)期的繁榮”:根據(jù)第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了一段又一段的繁榮和衰退。),這里指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)有起有落的這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退伴隨著繁榮,屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹茈y預(yù)測它什么時(shí)候會(huì)到來”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.(經(jīng)濟(jì)如何運(yùn)行,以及找到什么補(bǔ)救措施來保持其高效運(yùn)行,這是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的任務(wù),他們必須與商人和政治家合作。),可知為了保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家需要與商人和政治家合作,D選項(xiàng)“與商人和政治家合作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“找出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的確切原因”:根據(jù)最后一段第一句thecausesofdeclineareuncertain(衰退的原因不確定),可知無法找出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的確切原因,屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“找到解決失業(yè)問題的方法”:根據(jù)最后一段第二句allindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment(所有工業(yè)化社會(huì)都通過政府努力穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì),保持繁榮,降低失業(yè)率),可知這是政府做的事,而非經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家做的事,屬于張冠李戴。C選項(xiàng)“找出導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的所有因素”:在這里沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
To()aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.blaze
B.ventilate
C.boast
D.violate
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blaze“燃燒;怒視”;B選項(xiàng)ventilate“(使)通風(fēng)”;C選項(xiàng)boast“吹噓;以有……而自豪”;D選項(xiàng)violate“違反;侵犯”。句意:……就是使它充滿新鮮空氣。后文的freshair“新鮮空氣”,想在室內(nèi)呼吸到新鮮空氣就需要給房間通風(fēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.subjectto
B.opposite
C.resistantto
D.contraryto
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)subjectto“使服從,使遭受”,B項(xiàng)opposite“相反的,對(duì)面的”,C項(xiàng)resistantto“對(duì)……有抵抗力,耐……的”,D項(xiàng)contraryto“與……相反”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞doctor’sorders“醫(yī)生的命令”和選項(xiàng)可知,空格處表示“違反,相反”符合句子意思。句意:你所做的與醫(yī)生的命令是相反的。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
The(
)viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.predominant
B.credulous
C.inclusive
D.sustainable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的,占主導(dǎo)地位的”;B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的,易受騙的”;C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包括的,包羅廣泛的”;D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國和其他西方國家的主要觀點(diǎn),故選A。句意:英國和其他西方國家的主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,老齡化通常與衰落、依賴、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。
8.翻譯題
46.當(dāng)有人對(duì)我說,他們喜愛動(dòng)物是因?yàn)閯?dòng)物有感情,然后又虐待動(dòng)物,我就對(duì)他們說,幸虧他們不喜歡我。(4points)
47.貧困國家轉(zhuǎn)變富裕國家靠的是投資開發(fā)自然資源,并借助教育和技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)移項(xiàng)目提高人力資源和技術(shù)資源。(5points)
48.有一些人,他們之所以關(guān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,或是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)是發(fā)展中國家人民需要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),或是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率達(dá)到令人滿意的程度才能保證政治穩(wěn)定。(5points)
49.失去理想是人們可能會(huì)犯的一個(gè)重大錯(cuò)誤,這就是為什么我們應(yīng)該奮力向前并且相信我們自己,無論選定的目標(biāo)看起來多么遙不可及,我們都應(yīng)爭取實(shí)現(xiàn)。(6points)
【答案】46.Whenpeopletellmethattheyloveanimalsbecauseanimalshavefeelings,buttorturethem,Itellthemit’sagoodthingtheydon’tlikeme.
47.Thetransitionfrompoortorichcountriesisachievedbyinvestmentinthedevelopmentofnaturalresourcesandthepromotionhumanandtechnologicalresourcesthrougheducationandtechnologytransferprojects.
48.Therearethosewhoareconcernedabouteconomicdevelopment,eitherbecausetheybelievethateconomicdevelopmentisagoalthatpeopleindevelopingcountriesneedtoachieve,orbecausetheybelievethatpoliticalstabilitycanbeensuredonlyiftheeconomicgrowthratereachesasatisfactorylevel.
49.Losingouridealsisabigmistakepeoplecanmake,whichiswhyweshouldpushforwardandbelieveinourselves.Nomatterhowreachlessthechosengoalmayseem,weshouldstrivetoachieveit.
9.單選題
Anabstractis(
)
formofanacademicarticle.Manyjournalspublishabstractssoreaderscandecideifitisworthwhiletoreadthefullversionofthearticle.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.concise
B.comprehensive
C.concrete
D.conceptual
【答案】A
【解析】concise簡明的,簡潔的;comprehensive綜合的,廣泛的;concrete具體的,有形的;conceptual概念上的。句意:摘要是學(xué)術(shù)文章的簡潔形式。許多學(xué)術(shù)期刊會(huì)刊登摘要,以便讀者決定是否值得閱讀全文。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
10.單選題
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbybureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedandbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.
Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain!Bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.
AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteen-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.
1.By“well-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis().
2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeeisthat().
3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose().
4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould().
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible
B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety
C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly
D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife
C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence
D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety
B.whoarehighupintheirsocialstatus
C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors
D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromtheircompetitiveworld
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestor
B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees
C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities
D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.approval
B.dissatisfaction
C.suspicion
D.tolerance
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.(總的來說,我們的社會(huì)正在成為官僚管理下的巨型企業(yè)之一,在這種管理下,人變成了機(jī)器中一個(gè)潤滑良好的小齒輪。)通過第一段我們得知作者認(rèn)為人類已經(jīng)失去了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,成為機(jī)器中一顆微不足道的小齒輪,因此C選項(xiàng)“與社會(huì)其他部分相比,盡管運(yùn)行良好但已經(jīng)不甚重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管每個(gè)人的作用不大,但卻是社會(huì)必要的組成部分”與原文意思相悖,人類已經(jīng)如齒輪一般無足輕重;B選項(xiàng)“與社會(huì)其他方面和諧地工作”并未在文中提及;D選項(xiàng)“尤其在運(yùn)作良好的時(shí)候卻在社會(huì)中仍微不足道”與原文不符。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(他們焦慮也是因?yàn)樗麄儫o法獲得任何真正的滿足或生活的興趣。他們生與死都沒有面對(duì)過人類存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí),作為情感上、智力上獨(dú)立的和有生產(chǎn)力的人。)由此可知,其真正原因是情感與理智上獨(dú)立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的個(gè)人生存狀態(tài)被忽視,因此D選項(xiàng)“他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們很可能會(huì)失去工作”是部分原因;B選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)生活沒有真正的滿足或興趣”與原文相悖;C選項(xiàng)“他們面對(duì)著人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)”也是部分原因。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位第三段最后一句Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.(這種不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對(duì)手一樣好或更好的需求,造成了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力,而這正是不快樂和疾病的根源。)說明這種需要不斷證明自己與競爭對(duì)手同樣優(yōu)秀或超過對(duì)手從而不斷地造成焦慮和壓力,正是不幸與疾病的起因。因此,擺脫了競爭所造成的焦慮和壓力就可以享受到生命的真正快樂,因此D選項(xiàng)“可以遠(yuǎn)離競爭的世界”正確。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)最底層的人”與原文不符;B選項(xiàng)“那些社會(huì)地位很高的人”在第三段的第一句話Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.(那些社會(huì)地位較高的人也同樣焦慮。)因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“覺得自己比他們的競爭對(duì)手更好”不符合原文。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Isuggesttransforming...thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.(我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀撕统浞珠_發(fā)他的潛力——愛和理性的潛力——為一切社會(huì)安排的目的的人文主義工業(yè)主義。)因此C選項(xiàng)“使人能夠充分發(fā)揮他的潛力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“求助于我們祖先的生產(chǎn)方式”在最后一段AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteen-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.(我是在建議我們回到工業(yè)化前的生產(chǎn)方式,還是回到19世紀(jì)的“自由企業(yè)”資本主義?當(dāng)然不是。)因此作者并沒有建議我們回到之前的生產(chǎn)方式;B選項(xiàng)“為工人和雇員提供更高的工資”文章沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為基本的現(xiàn)實(shí)是理所當(dāng)然的”也與原文不符。
5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialism...developmentofhispotentialities(我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀撕统浞珠_發(fā)他的潛力……)可以看出,作者對(duì)現(xiàn)有工業(yè)制度的態(tài)度是不滿的,因此B選項(xiàng)“不滿”正確。A選項(xiàng)“贊同”;C選項(xiàng)“懷疑”;D選項(xiàng)“容忍”都不符合題意。
11.單選題
[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Atitsmostbasic
B.what
C.usedtodefine
D.andincludes
【答案】B
【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。B選項(xiàng)后面的句子主語是employees,謂語think,act,feel都是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能接賓語,因此應(yīng)將what改為how。
12.單選題
Moviedirectorsusemusicto(
)theactiononthescreen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contaminate
B.compliment
C.contemplate
D.complement
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contaminate“污染”;compliment“恭維”;contemplate“沉思,注視”;complement“補(bǔ)充”。句意:電影導(dǎo)演用音樂來補(bǔ)充熒幕上的動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
13.單選題
Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto(
)onsomereading.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.catchup
B.clearup
C.makeup
D.pickup
【答案】D
【解析】短語辨析。句意:下周就要考試了,我要利用周末時(shí)間好好看看書。
catchupon彌補(bǔ)不足、吸收,精通;clearup收拾,整理;makeup偽造,化妝;pickup提高(速度),加快(節(jié)奏)。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。
14.單選題
Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial()toitsburningtemperature.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beheated
B.isheated
C.wouldbeheated
D.toheat
【答案】A
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。該句中有requirement,故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:對(duì)火的要求之一是材料應(yīng)該被加熱到使其燃燒的溫度。
15.單選題
Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout()byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.failure
B.hesitation
C.trouble
D.fail
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail為固定搭配,表示“必定,務(wù)必”。句意為:你必須在明天早上十點(diǎn)之前把年度報(bào)告交給我。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
16.單選題
Eventhecleverestuseoftimemanagementtechniquesispowerlessto_______thesumofminutesinaperson’slife(over52million,optimisticallyassumingalifeexpectancyof100years),sopeoplesqueezeasmuchastheycouldintoeachoneofthem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.augment
B.quantify
C.enrich
D.justify
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)augment“增加,增大”;B選項(xiàng)quantify“確定數(shù)量”;C選項(xiàng)enrich“使充實(shí);使富足”;D選項(xiàng)justify“證明正確;對(duì)……作出解釋”。句意:即使是最巧妙的時(shí)間管理技巧也無法_______人的生命中的時(shí)間總和(5200萬分鐘以上,樂觀地假設(shè)壽命為100歲),所以人們盡可能地抓緊每一分鐘。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是時(shí)間管理技巧不能讓人們的時(shí)間變多,所以augment“增加”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe()ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.auction
B.harmony
C.sacrifice
D.import
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。auction“拍賣,競賣”;harmony“和睦”;sacrifice“犧牲,獻(xiàn)祭”;import“進(jìn)口”;句意:為了部分解決資金問題和加速西方技術(shù)的引進(jìn),匈牙利將其國家電話公司30%的股份出售給了兩家西方公司。匈牙利通過售賣國家電話公司的股份來獲得資金以此來引進(jìn)西方技術(shù)。故D項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Assoonastheboywasabletoearnhisownliving,he(
)hisparents’strictrules.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.defied
B.refuted
C.excluded
D.vetoed
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defy意為“不服從”;refute意為“駁斥,駁倒”;exclude意為“排除,不包括”;veto意為“反對(duì),否定”。
句意:一旦這個(gè)男孩能夠自食其力,他就不會(huì)服從他父母的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。
19.單選題
The1982OilandGasActgivespowertopermitthedisposalofassetsheldbytheCorporation,and_______theCorporation’sstatutorymonopolyinthesupplyofgasforfuelpurposessoastopermitprivatecompaniestocompeteinthissupply.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.defers
B.curtails
C.triggers
D.sparks
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“defers”意為“推遲;延期;服從”;B選項(xiàng)“curtails”意為“縮減;剪短;剝奪……特權(quán)”;C選項(xiàng)“triggers”意為“觸發(fā),引起;開動(dòng)(裝置)”;D選項(xiàng)“sparks”意為“發(fā)出火花;點(diǎn)燃;導(dǎo)致;求婚”。句意:1982年的《石油和天然氣法案》賦予了允許處理公司持有資產(chǎn)的權(quán)力,并在供應(yīng)天然氣充當(dāng)燃料的目的上,剝奪了公司的法定壟斷特權(quán),從而允許私人公司在供應(yīng)方面競爭。由題干可知,橫線后是theCorporation’sstatutorymonopoly(公司的法定壟斷特權(quán))而后文又說到topermitprivatecompaniestocompete(允許私人公司在供應(yīng)方面競爭),由此可以推測出應(yīng)該是剝奪了公司的壟斷特權(quán),所以私人公司才能在供應(yīng)方面競爭。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
20.單選題
Ican’trememberexactlywhattriggeredtheexplosionbutitwaspretty().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.estimating
B.devastating
C.reprocessing
D.preferring
【答案】B
【解析】estimating估計(jì);devastating毀滅性的;reprocessing再生,(核燃料的)回收;preferring更喜歡。句意:我記不清是什么引起了爆炸,非常。B項(xiàng)符合句意。
21.單選題
Iwouldliketohaveatalkwithhim___hisconvenience.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.at
C.for
D.with
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。atone’sconvenience“在某人有時(shí)間的時(shí)候,在某人方便的時(shí)候”。句意:我想在他方便的時(shí)候和他談一談。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe()ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.witnesses
B.audiences
C.viewers
D.observers
【答案】A
【解析】句意:辯護(hù)律師正在詢問上個(gè)月謀殺案的目擊者之一的老人。witnesses表示目擊者,符合句意。
23.單選題
Suchanapproachforcesthemanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps(
)rigiddepartmentalboundaries.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.passover
B.standfor
C.breakdown
D.setoff
【答案】C
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passover“越過,忽略”;standfor“代表,支持”;breakdown“分解;消除;失敗;發(fā)生故障”;setoff“出發(fā),引起”。句意:這種方法迫使經(jīng)理們相互交流,幫助他們消除嚴(yán)格的部門界限。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
24.單選題
HurricaneHugowill_____intherecordbooksasthecostlieststormeverfacedbyinsurers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.godown
B.goup
C.goby
D.gothrough
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。godown“下降,傳下去”;goup“增長,上升”;goby“經(jīng)過,順便拜訪”;gothrough“經(jīng)受,通過,仔細(xì)檢查”。句意:颶風(fēng)雨果將作為有史以來遭遇損失最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨被載入史冊(cè)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
25.單選題
Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof______istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.elitism
B.eloquence
C.eminence
D.etiquette
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elitism“精英主義;杰出人物統(tǒng)治論”;B選項(xiàng)eloquence“口才;雄辯;雄辯術(shù);修辭”;C選項(xiàng)eminence“顯赫;卓越;高處”;D選項(xiàng)etiquette“禮節(jié),禮儀;規(guī)矩”。句意:在它無數(shù)的規(guī)則之下,禮儀的根本目的是讓世界變得更宜居,讓你成為一個(gè)更宜居的人。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
26.單選題
ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates()hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.store
B.fertilize
C.sow
D.yield
【答案】D
【解析】fertilize使肥沃;sow播種;yield出產(chǎn)。句意:美國南部的許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)干草和煙草,并出口到美國其他地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)D最符合語境。
27.單選題
Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.paidto
B.ignoredby
C.givento
D.requestedby
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。grantto表示“授予,允許”;A項(xiàng)payto“付款給”,B項(xiàng)ignoreby“忽視,駁回訴訟”,C項(xiàng)giveto“給予,提供”,D項(xiàng)requestby“請(qǐng)求,需要”。句意:假釋通常作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給予表現(xiàn)良好的囚犯。根據(jù)句意該題選C。
28.翻譯題
最近的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退表明了我們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的依賴。經(jīng)濟(jì)步履蹣跚的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況?那時(shí),金融市場會(huì)崩潰,房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格猛跌,就業(yè)率降低。這么一來,凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就會(huì)重新興起。政府投入大量資金,讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),同時(shí)寄希望于減稅和財(cái)政刺激來促進(jìn)投資、生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)。
【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcoll
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