書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大同煤炭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifhockeyplayersaretoo（

）,theyarepenalized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clumsy

B.aggressive

C.brisk

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。clumsy“笨拙的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；brisk“敏銳的，活潑的”；flexible“靈活的，柔韌的，易彎曲的”。句意：如果曲棍球選手太過(guò)于具有攻擊性，將會(huì)被處罰。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid.“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.

“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.

2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theincreasingonlineandsales

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D.thehighcostofoperation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.makestrategicadjustments

B.endtheprintseditionforgood

C.seeknewsourcesofleadership

D.aimforefficientmanagement

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersallatOnce.

B.CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand.

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.1.《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》正考慮終止印刷版，部分原因是______。

A.theincreasingonlineandsalesA.在線版和銷量的增長(zhǎng)

B.thepressurefromitsinvestorsB.來(lái)自投資者的壓力

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersC.讀者的抱怨

D.thehighcostofoperationD.印刷成本高

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】首先定位首段首句“終有一天，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》會(huì)停止在報(bào)紙上發(fā)表文章”可知，這是題干的同義表達(dá)，然后第二段第二句解釋了其具體原因“制造紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙所需要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施——印刷機(jī)、送貨卡車——不僅昂貴；而且一個(gè)只提供在線服務(wù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手卻沒(méi)有這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的限制，這是過(guò)分的”，從中可知，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》正考慮終止印刷版，部分原因是因?yàn)橛∷⒊杀景嘿F，D項(xiàng)“印刷成本高”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“在線版和銷量的增長(zhǎng)”、B項(xiàng)“來(lái)自投資者的壓力”、C項(xiàng)“讀者的抱怨”沒(méi)有提到，這三項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.2.佩雷蒂建議，面對(duì)目前的情況，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》應(yīng)該______。

A.makestrategicadjustmentsA.進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整

B.endtheprintseditionforgoodB.永遠(yuǎn)停止印刷煽動(dòng)

C.seeknewsourcesofleadershipC.尋找新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)資源

D.aimforefficientmanagementD.追求高效率的管理

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Peretti定位至第四段第一句“佩雷蒂說(shuō)，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間退出印刷版業(yè)務(wù)，但必須采取正確的方式”，理解可知，佩雷蒂建議《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》應(yīng)該找到一種正確的方法來(lái)解決這件事情，所以A項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“永遠(yuǎn)停止印刷煽動(dòng)”，原文提到佩雷蒂認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間退出印刷版業(yè)務(wù)，所以該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“尋找新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)資源”和D項(xiàng)“追求高效率的管理”沒(méi)有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.3.從第5段和第6段可以推斷“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”______。

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesA.幫助恢復(fù)昔日的榮耀

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersB.是針對(duì)最忠實(shí)的客戶

C.willhavethecostofprintingreducedC.印刷成本會(huì)降低

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaperD.擴(kuò)大報(bào)紙的受歡迎程度

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第五段最后一句“我不會(huì)選擇一年結(jié)束印刷業(yè)，我會(huì)提高價(jià)格，讓它更像一款傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”可以看出，佩雷蒂認(rèn)為不僅要提高傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格，還要將它變?yōu)橐环N可以傳承的產(chǎn)物，接著第六段開(kāi)頭提到“最忠實(shí)的客戶仍然會(huì)得到他們喜歡的產(chǎn)品，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得他們?cè)趲椭S持他們所相信的東西的質(zhì)量”，然后提到如果每年增加一些比例，依舊可以創(chuàng)收，緊接著提到“如果你要做一個(gè)印刷產(chǎn)品，那就為那些已經(jīng)對(duì)它著迷的人做吧”，綜合理解可知，對(duì)于最忠實(shí)的客戶來(lái)說(shuō)，如果把傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行改造，那么對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)這就是一件可以傳承的東西，由此推斷，“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”是針對(duì)最忠實(shí)的客戶，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“是針對(duì)最忠實(shí)的客戶”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“幫助恢復(fù)昔日的榮耀”和C項(xiàng)“印刷成本會(huì)降低”沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大報(bào)紙的受歡迎程度”，“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”針對(duì)的是忠實(shí)的客戶，讓這個(gè)產(chǎn)品變成可以傳承的東西，并沒(méi)有擴(kuò)大受歡迎程度，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.4.佩雷蒂認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)不斷變化的世界，______。

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedA.傳統(tǒng)奢侈品不會(huì)受到影響

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingB.謹(jǐn)慎有助于解決問(wèn)題

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesC.積極進(jìn)取能更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdatedD.傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)正在變得過(guò)時(shí)

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文末段最后兩句“但我們會(huì)有這樣的問(wèn)題，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)和世界變化時(shí)，我們正在做的事情沒(méi)有意義。在這種情況下，積極進(jìn)取總比不那么積極進(jìn)取要好（it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive）。”可知，佩雷蒂認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)不斷變化的世界，tobemoreaggressive（積極進(jìn)?。┎鸥锰幚硎澜缱兓瘞?lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，C項(xiàng)“積極進(jìn)取能更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)奢侈品不會(huì)受到影響”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎有助于解決問(wèn)題”在佩雷蒂的觀點(diǎn)中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，相反他建議要有所改變，并且要采取正確的方式，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)正在變得過(guò)時(shí)”中的legacybusinesses（傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)）沒(méi)有在文中討論，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?5.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題？

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersallatOnce.A.同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)向在線報(bào)紙。

B.CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand.B.珍惜手中的報(bào)紙。

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.C.讓你的報(bào)紙永遠(yuǎn)時(shí)尚。

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood.D.讓你的紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙成為奢侈品。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位文章首段首句“終有一天，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》會(huì)停止在報(bào)紙上發(fā)表文章”，可知本文討論的內(nèi)容是紙質(zhì)印刷，然后第二段解釋了拋棄紙質(zhì)印刷的理由，接著中間四段介紹了佩雷蒂對(duì)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整，即讓紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙成為legacyproducts（傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品），之后，最后一段用佩雷蒂的話總結(jié)了當(dāng)世界變化時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該積極進(jìn)取的迎接挑戰(zhàn)；綜上所述可知，這篇文章圍繞的中心詞就是printnewspaper（紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙），所以D項(xiàng)“讓你的紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙成為奢侈品”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)向在線報(bào)紙”中的onlinenewspaper只是文中提到的一個(gè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，不足以引領(lǐng)全文，該項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

B項(xiàng)“珍惜手中的報(bào)紙”和C項(xiàng)“讓你的報(bào)紙永遠(yuǎn)時(shí)尚”中的newspaper范圍過(guò)大，本文的關(guān)鍵詞是printnewspaper（紙質(zhì)報(bào)紙），這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glorious

B.futile

C.heroic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很多年輕人認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是愚蠢且沒(méi)有必要的。對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上丟掉性命是徒勞的。glorious“光榮的”；futile“無(wú)用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇氣的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgans,connectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit

（

）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiar

structureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.Functionofinstincts

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。有關(guān)胎兒發(fā)育的科學(xué)知識(shí)告訴我們，母親在孕期學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)詞、音樂(lè)等，希望能夠以此塑造自己未出生的孩子在某一方面的特性，這種做法是難以達(dá)到想要的目的的。因此B項(xiàng)(我們完全不能從胎兒發(fā)育中學(xué)到任何東西)與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood(母親的情感沖擊會(huì)影響她的孩子，因?yàn)檫@改變了她的腺體的活動(dòng)和血液的化學(xué)成分)。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而,小孩有可能多少會(huì)遺傳一種普通的能力一一我們稱之為智力)。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(如果這些因素都運(yùn)用到音樂(lè)方而,那么這個(gè)孩子就有可能成為一名音樂(lè)家)。故選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章重在討論特定能力和遺傳因素之間的關(guān)系。故選A。

5.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economics“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”；B選項(xiàng)economic“adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約；理財(cái)”；D選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的；合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義，一般用作定語(yǔ)；economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。句意：湯姆認(rèn)為這里的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不如家鄉(xiāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.填空題

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改為include

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】B部分在句子中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Theprofessionalfields為復(fù)數(shù)，這里應(yīng)該用include。

【句意】處理醫(yī)學(xué)倫理問(wèn)題的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)學(xué)、護(hù)理、法律、社會(huì)學(xué)、哲學(xué)和神學(xué)，盡管在20世紀(jì)后期，醫(yī)學(xué)倫理已經(jīng)被視為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。

7.單選題

[A]Manypeoplebelieve[B]thatNewYorkisthe[C]mostgreatcity[D]intheUnitedStates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Many

B.that

C.most

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】最高級(jí)用法。

【解題思路】Great的最高級(jí)是直接在后面加est，即greatest。所以要把mostgreat改為greatest。該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【句意】許多人認(rèn)為紐約是美國(guó)最大的城市。

8.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpricehasalready（

）worries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑起，引起”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞，啟示”；hoist“把……吊起，升起”。句意：價(jià)格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引起了人們的擔(dān)憂。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Thisgreaterinterdependenceisnotlimitedtothefinancialsector.Thenewchallengesoftodayareglobalinnatureandtherefore,theydemandaglobalresponse.Thisappliestoissuessuchasclimatechange,eneigysecurity,terrorismprevention,traffickingandorganizedcrime.Wecannolongermeetthesechallengesbyclosingthedoorandsimplylookingafterourownhouse.Instead,wemustreachoutandseekcooperation,wherevercooperationismoreeffective.Theworldiscurrentlywitnessingthebroadestanddeepestwaveofglobalizationeverproducinggreatopportunitiesbutalsosomerisks.GlobalizationhashelpedhundredsofmillionsfrompovertyandprovidedbusinesseswiththepossibilitytoinvestandexpandabroaD.Butthosesamebusinessesknowthattheycannolongerliveonpastachievements.Whenwespeakofglobalization,itisimportanttounderstandthatopennessandinterdependencearetherulesofthegame.

Ourcooperationinthefightagainstclimatechangeisparticularlyimportant.Weallknowthatclimatechangeisreal,thatitiscausedbyhumanactivity,andthatitsconsequencesareuniversalandwillbefeltfirstandforemostbythepoorest.Itwillservelittlepurposeifothercountriesdonotjoinincommonaction.Yes,thereisacosttoreducingemissions,butthecostofglobalwarmingandnotjustinthelongtermisgoingtobefarhigher,includingforChina.

【答案】我們之間日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融領(lǐng)域。今天我們實(shí)際面臨的許多新挑戰(zhàn)都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同應(yīng)對(duì)。這其中包括了氣候變化、能源安全、制止恐怖主義、販賣毒品和有組織犯罪等。我們已經(jīng)不能以關(guān)起門來(lái)獨(dú)善其身的方式應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。相反，我們必須伸出雙手尋求合作，因?yàn)楹献髂軌蚋行У亟鉀Q這些問(wèn)題。世界正經(jīng)歷著一波最為廣泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，這為我們提供了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，但同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。全球化已幫助數(shù)以億計(jì)的人們擺脫了貧困，并且給企業(yè)提供了進(jìn)行海外投資和擴(kuò)張的機(jī)會(huì)。但那些企業(yè)也意識(shí)到不能夠滿足于自己過(guò)去取得的成就。提到全球化，我們必須清楚公開(kāi)和相互依存是其游戲的規(guī)則。

我們?cè)趹?yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面的合作尤其重要。我們現(xiàn)在都認(rèn)識(shí)到氣候的變化是實(shí)實(shí)在在的，這一變化由人類活動(dòng)引發(fā)，其影響是全球性的并且將首先波及最貧困的人口。如果其他國(guó)家不參與共同行動(dòng)，那么，我們的努力將不會(huì)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。是的，我們將為減少溫室氣體排放付出代價(jià)，但我們可能在并不遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)為全球變暖付出遠(yuǎn)高于此的代價(jià)，中國(guó)也不例外。

10.單選題

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。abortion"流產(chǎn)，計(jì)劃（失?。?accident“事故，意外”;adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；alarm“警報(bào)”。前面提到罪犯試圖越獄，后面轉(zhuǎn)折詞but表明他沒(méi)有成功，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：這個(gè)罪犯試圖越獄，但是他的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有成功。

11.單選題

Wewouldcontactyournearestrelative（）anyaccidentoccurring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onaccountof

B.inspiteof

C.intheeventof

D.inplaceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onaccountof“由于；因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管；不管”；C選項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一；倘若”；D選項(xiàng)inplaceof“代替”。句意：……任何意外發(fā)生，我們會(huì)與您最近的親人聯(lián)絡(luò)。根據(jù)句意可知，空中應(yīng)填入一個(gè)表示假設(shè)的短語(yǔ)，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Todothisjobwell,youmustbe（）notonlyinEnglish,butalsoincomputerprogramming.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.effective

C.proficient

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的”；B選項(xiàng)“有效的，起作用的”；C選項(xiàng)“熟練的，精通的”；D選項(xiàng)“有益的”。句意：為做好這項(xiàng)工作，你不但要在英語(yǔ)上而且在計(jì)算機(jī)編程方面都……。綜合句意和語(yǔ)義，此處填proficient“熟練的，精通的”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thisborderincidentledtothetwocountries（

）diplomaticrelationsin1965.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakingup

B.finishing

C.cuttingout

D.breakingoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakup“打碎，分手”；finish“完成”；cutout“切斷，刪去”；breakoff“中斷”。句意：這次邊境沖突導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在1965年中斷了外交關(guān)系。由borderincident可推知這兩國(guó)中斷了外交關(guān)系。答案D

14.單選題

ThosewhogotangryandcrazysetfiretocarsandshopsintheParissuburbofClichy-sous-Bois,thentheproblem（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolved

B.evaporated

C.escalated

D.exalted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。evolve“發(fā)展”；evaporate“使……蒸發(fā)”；escalate“逐步增強(qiáng)”；exalt“提升，提拔”。句意：那些憤怒和瘋狂的人放燒了巴黎郊區(qū)克里希所思的汽車和酒店，然后這個(gè)問(wèn)題更嚴(yán)重了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceive

B.clutch

C.cherish

D.contrive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。conceive“構(gòu)思，懷孕，考慮”；clutch“緊握，抓住”；cherish“珍惜”；contrive“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明，圖謀”。

句意：在未來(lái)的很多年里我們都會(huì)珍惜這個(gè)美好的時(shí)刻。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.against

C.into

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。crashout表示“（因極度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡覺(jué)”；crashagainst表示“碰撞（常發(fā)出巨大的聲響或造成破壞）”，against指對(duì)立；crashinto“撞上，墜毀”，into指進(jìn)去；haveacrushonsb,表示“喜歡某人”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thedrink-crazeddriver與anothercar可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：在警察還沒(méi)來(lái)得及制止酒后駕車的司機(jī)，他就撞上了另一輛車，并使六個(gè)人送往醫(yī)院。

17.翻譯題

AsanadultIoncedidthesamethingtoSophia,callinghergarbageinEnglishwhensheactedextremelydisrespectfullytowardme.WhenImentionedthatIhaddonethisatadinnerparty,Iwasimmediatelyostracized(excluded).OneguestnamedMarcygotsoupsetshebrokedownintearsandhadtoleaveearly.MyfriendSusan,thehost,triedtorehabilitatemewiththeremainingguests.

ThefactisthatChineseparentscandothingsthatwouldseemunimaginable—evenlegallyactionable(可起訴的)—toWesterners.Chinesemotherscansaytotheirdaughters,“Heyfatty—losesomeweight.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetotiptoearoundtheissue,talkingintermsof“health”andneverevermentioningthef-word,andtheirkidsstillendupintherapyforeatingdisorders(進(jìn)食障礙)andnegativeself-image.(IalsoonceheardaWesternfathertoasthisadultdaughterbycallingher“beautifulandincrediblycompetent”.Shelatertoldmethatmadeherfeellikegarbage.)

ChineseparentscanordertheirkidstogetstraightAs.Westernparentscanonlyasktheirkidstotrytheirbest.Chineseparentscansay,“You’relazy.Allyourclassmatesaregettingaheadofyou.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetostrugglewiththeirownconflictedfeelingsaboutachievement,andtrytopersuadethemselvesthatthey’renotdisappointedabouthowtheirkidsturnedout.

I’vethoughtlongandhardabouthowChineseparentscangetawaywithwhattheydo.IthinktherearethreebigdifferencesbetweentheChineseandWesternparentalmind-sets(心態(tài)，思維定式，思維取向).

【答案】【參考譯文】

作為一個(gè)成年人，我曾對(duì)索菲亞做過(guò)同樣的事。當(dāng)她的行為舉止對(duì)我極其不敬時(shí)，我大聲用英語(yǔ)呵斥她是垃圾。有一次參加晚宴，我無(wú)意中提及到這件事，沒(méi)想到立刻被在場(chǎng)的客人排斥了。一位叫瑪西的客人竟然難過(guò)得哭了起來(lái)，不得不提前離開(kāi)宴會(huì)。而我的朋友蘇珊，也就是舉辦晚宴的主人，試圖在留下的客人面前為我打圓場(chǎng)。

事實(shí)上，中國(guó)父母可以做出一些在西方父母眼里無(wú)法想象的事情，甚至可以因?yàn)檫@些事被起訴。例如，中國(guó)的媽媽可以跟女兒說(shuō)“嘿，胖妹，你該減減肥了！”相反，西方父母?jìng)儗?duì)此話題小心翼翼，從“健康”的角度談?wù)?，絕口不提“肥胖”二字。然后他們的孩子最終還是因?yàn)轱嬍呈д{(diào)和體型不良接受治療。（我曾聽(tīng)過(guò)一位西方父親在為他成年女兒祝酒時(shí)，說(shuō)他女兒“美麗無(wú)比，能力非凡”。他女兒事后告訴我，他父親的話讓她覺(jué)得自己像垃圾一樣。）

中國(guó)父母會(huì)要求自己的孩子必須每科都是優(yōu)，而西方父母只讓孩子盡力而為。中國(guó)父母會(huì)說(shuō)：“你這么懶，班上的同學(xué)都超過(guò)你了?！毕啾戎?，西方父母不得不在孩子的成績(jī)問(wèn)題上與自己的矛盾情緒作斗爭(zhēng)，并試圖說(shuō)服自己，他們對(duì)孩子的表現(xiàn)并不失望。

我想了很久，中國(guó)父母怎么能不受懲罰。我想主要是因?yàn)橹形鞣礁改冈谛膽B(tài)上的三大差異。

18.單選題

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital（）practicinginmedicine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withaviewto

B.withregardsto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)withaviewto“著眼于，考慮到，意在，以……為目的”，表示會(huì)盡力去完成自己所追求的這件事；B選項(xiàng)withregardsto“關(guān)于，至于”；C選項(xiàng)withtheaimat“為了……”，aim常指短期內(nèi)的目標(biāo)，往往比較具體、實(shí)際、明確，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D選項(xiàng)withtheobjectfor“目的是”，object常指比較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo)，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，沒(méi)有明確表明是否會(huì)盡力。句意：后來(lái)，W.薩默塞特?毛姆走進(jìn)圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房，（）行醫(yī)。而毛姆是想要迫切做好這件事的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.填空題

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】intrinsic的用法為beintrinsictosth.，形容詞fulfilling修飾management，意思為“令人心滿意足的”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知responsibilities和management是名詞，橫線處和fulfilling為形容詞，executive意思為“執(zhí)行的”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】閱讀和理解大量的文件和報(bào)告——其中許多是專業(yè)和技術(shù)性的——是一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)管理和執(zhí)行職責(zé)所固有的。

20.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用，欺騙；centeron集中，以……為中心；overtook趕上，代替，不與on搭配；concentrateon專注于……。句意：霍金拒絕了他的醫(yī)生父親學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的要求，選擇專注于數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.單選題

Wehaveallheardthatpeoplefavortheirownkindanddiscriminateagainstout-groups—butthatisasimplisticviewofprejudice,saysAmyCuddy,aprofessoratPrincetonwhostudieshowwejudgeothers.Inrecentyears,sheandpsychologistSusanFiskehavedevelopedapowerfulnewmodel.Allovertheworld,itturnsout,peoplejudgeothersontwomainqualities:warmth(whethertheyarefriendlyandwellintentioned)andcompetence(whethertheyhavetheabilitytodeliveronthoseintentions).Agrowingnumberofpsychologicalresearchersareturningtheirfocustothisrubric,refiningitandlookingforwaysinwhichwecanputthisnewunderstandingoffirstimpressionstouse.

Whenwemeetaperson,weimmediatelyunconsciouslyassesshimorherforbothwarmthandcompetence.Whereasweobviouslyadmireandhelppeoplewhoarebothwarmandcompetentandfeelandactcontemptuouslytowardthecoldandincompetent,werespondambivalentlytowardtheotherblends.Peoplewhoarejudgedascompetentbutcold—includingthoseinstereotypedgroupssuchasJewsandthewealthy—provokeenvyandadesiretoharm,asviolenceagainstthesegroupshasoftenshown.Andpeopleusuallyseenaswarmbutincompetent,suchasmothersandtheelderly,elicitpityandbenignneglect.

Newresearchisrevealingthatthesesplit-secondjudgmentsareoftenwrong,however,becausetheyrelyoncrudestereotypesandothermentalshortcuts.LastyearSusanFiske’steampublishedstudiesshowinghowwejumptoconclusionsaboutpeople’scompetencebasedontheirwarmth,andviceversa.Whentheresearchersshowedparticipant’sfactsabouttwogroupsofpeople,onewarmandonecold,theparticipantstendedtoassumethatthewarmgroupwaslesscompetentthanthecoldgroup;likewise,ifparticipantsknewonegrouptobecompetentandtheothernot,theyaskedquestionswhoseanswersconfirmedtheirexpectationthatthefirstgroupwascoldandthesecondwarm.Theupshot:“Yourgainononetrait,canbeyourlossontheother,”saysFiske.

This“compensationeffect,”whichoccurswhenwecomparepeopleratherthanevaluatingeachoneseparately,runscountertothewell-knownhaloeffect,inwhichsomeonescoringhighononequalitygetshigherratingsonothertraits.Butbotheffectsareamongseveralmistakespeopleoftenmakeininferringwarmthandcompetence.Weseehigh-statusindividualsascompetenteveniftheirstatuswasanaccidentofbirth.Andwhenwejudgewarmth,rivalryplaysarole:“Ifsomeoneiscompetingwithyou,youassumethey’reabadperson,”Cuddysays.

Thegoodnewsisthatifyoubelongtoastereotypedgrouporotherwiseknowhowpeopleseeyou,youcantrychangingyourimage.Acompetentpoliticianwhostrikesthepublicascold,forexample,candrawonhiswarmthreservestobetterconnectwithvoters.Afterall,Cuddypointsout,“Everybodycomesacrossaswarmorcompetentinsomeareaoftheirlives.”

26.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,people’sfirstimpressionsareactually______.

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

28.InFiske’sopinion,becauseofthe“compensationeffect”,itis______.

29.Thegoodsideofthestereotypedjudgmentofapersonmaybe______.

30.WhatisCuddy’sattitudetowardthestereotypedjudgmentofaperson?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misleading

B.useful

C.reliable

D.powerful

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nobodyenviescompetentandcoldpeople.

B.Peopleofabilityareapttobeconsideredcold.

C.Wefeelsympatheticforwarm-heartedpeople.

D.Thewealthytendtobeindifferenttoothers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.easytodiscriminateagainstout-groups

B.possibletoavoidcrudestereotypes

C.difficulttoconfirmpeople’sexpectation

D.hardtojudgeapersonasbothwarmandcompetent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enablingyoutobecomemorecompetent

B.makingyoulookwarmer

C.helpingimproveyourimage

D.avoidingunnecessarymisjudgment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Tolerant.

D.Acceptive.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,people’sfirstimpressionsareactually______.26.據(jù)艾米?卡迪所說(shuō)，人們的第一印象實(shí)際上是______。

A.misleadingA.誤導(dǎo)的

B.usefulB.有用的

C.reliableC.可靠的

D.powerfulD.強(qiáng)大的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“我們都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，人們偏愛(ài)自己的同類，歧視外群體，但艾米?卡迪表示，這是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的偏見(jiàn)觀點(diǎn)（asimplisticviewofprejudice）”，從中可知，艾米?卡迪認(rèn)為人們的第一印象過(guò)于偏見(jiàn)，這是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?27.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Nobodyenviescompetentandcoldpeople.A.沒(méi)有人羨慕能干而冷漠的人。

B.Peopleofabilityareapttobeconsideredcold.B.有能力的人容易被認(rèn)為冷漠。

C.Wefeelsympatheticforwarm-heartedpeople.C.我們同情熱心的人。

D.Thewealthytendtobeindifferenttoothers.D.富人往往對(duì)別人漠不關(guān)心。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“那些通常被視為熱情但沒(méi)有能力的人，比如母親和老人，則會(huì)引起同情和善意的忽視”可知，有熱心的人容易引起同情。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句“那些被認(rèn)為有能力但冷酷無(wú)情的人，包括猶太人和富人等在內(nèi)的刻板群體的人，會(huì)引發(fā)嫉妒和傷害欲望，針對(duì)這些群體的暴力往往就表明了這一點(diǎn)”，從中可知，有能力但冷漠的人容易引起別人的嫉妒和傷害欲望，但是沒(méi)有提到“沒(méi)有人羨慕這些人”，所以，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，有能力的人不一定是冷漠的人，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，也屬于無(wú)中生有。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.InFiske’sopinion,becauseofthe“compensationeffect”,itis______.28.在菲斯克看來(lái)，由于“補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)”，______。

A.easytodiscriminateagainstout-groupsA.很容易歧視外群體

B.possibletoavoidcrudestereotypesB.可以避免原始的刻板印象

C.difficulttoconfirmpeople’sexpectationC.很難確認(rèn)人們的期望

D.hardtojudgeapersonasbothwarmandcompetentD.很難判斷一個(gè)人既熱情又能干

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“這種補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)發(fā)生在我們對(duì)人們進(jìn)行比較，而不是分別對(duì)每個(gè)人進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)，它與眾所周知的光環(huán)效應(yīng)背道而馳，光環(huán)效應(yīng)就是一個(gè)人在某一方面得分高，在其他方面得分也高”可知，補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)和光環(huán)效應(yīng)是完全相反的，光環(huán)效應(yīng)會(huì)使一個(gè)人因?yàn)槟骋环矫娴哪芰Χ玫饺矫娴目隙?；所以我們可以反推，補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)會(huì)使一個(gè)人因?yàn)槟骋环矫嫒鄙倌芰Χ豢贪逵∠笏洌瑥亩艿狡缫?。因此，該題A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Thegoodsideofthestereotypedjudgmentofapersonmaybe______.29.一個(gè)人的刻板判斷的好的一面可能是______。

A.enablingyoutobecomemorecompetentA.讓你變得更有能力

B.makingyoul