書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京政法職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.Electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).

Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnorincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassicalmodelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.

1.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage（

）

2.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage（

）.

3.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat（

）

4.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause（

）.

5.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices

B.manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplace

C.consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomy

D.thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomy

B.themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomy

C.producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptable

D.whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrialization

B.theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomy

C.itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehome

D.themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefamilywasnotefficientinproduction

B.itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethem

C.itcouldnotsupplythembyitself

D.themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aswageearners

B.bothasmanufacturesandconsumers

C.bothasworkersandpurchasers

D.ascustomers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是新古典模式階段的特征.。最后一段指出:Theneoclassicalmodelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond（andcurrent）stage(古典主義模式將家庭視為決定直接生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)還是在市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買商品和服務(wù)，這基本上是第一階段的模式。它不能準(zhǔn)確地應(yīng)用于第二（和當(dāng)前）階段)。因此A項(xiàng)(家庭要么依靠自身獲得必需的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，要么向市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買)正確。

2.推斷題。第一段指出:...the...secondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy(第二階段很明顯，市場(chǎng)開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)從未生產(chǎn)過(guò)的商品和服務(wù))。因此選B項(xiàng):市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)所提供的新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)是家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法提供的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:...theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.這一過(guò)程極為費(fèi)力，而市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)通常更為高效。因此D項(xiàng)(市場(chǎng)在這些流程方面效率更高)正確。

4.推斷題。第二段指出:第二段：..mostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的成果并沒(méi)有增加國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)商品或服務(wù)或在市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買商品或服務(wù)的選擇。為了消費(fèi)這些新的商品和服務(wù)，這個(gè)家庭必須以工薪階層和消費(fèi)者的身份進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。因此C項(xiàng)(他們不可能自己生產(chǎn)滿足自己所需)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers(為了消費(fèi)這些新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)，這個(gè)家庭必須以工薪階層和消費(fèi)者的身份進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)),故選C。

2.單選題

Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave（）suchacrime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.clarified

C.committed

D.conveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。commitcrime是固定搭配，意思是“犯罪，干壞事”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因?yàn)槲业闹篮車?yán)重,牙醫(yī)不得不拔掉它。

考查形近詞辨析。Extricate使解脫,解救;exterminate消滅,根除;eradicate鏟除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

4.單選題

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（

）fivemiles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.approximately

D.apparently

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們沒(méi)有辦法精確測(cè)量我們的實(shí)際旅程，但是我們認(rèn)為大概是5英里。

副詞辨析。Precisely精確地;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?approximately大約，大概;apparently顯然。因此C符合句意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

經(jīng)過(guò)改革開(kāi)放30多年的努力，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)，國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值大幅提升。中國(guó)人口多、底子薄，面臨城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)等問(wèn)題。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)還需要長(zhǎng)期艱苦奮斗。中國(guó)面臨的問(wèn)題只有通過(guò)發(fā)展才能解決。我們將堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，努力推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展。

【答案】Overthepast30yearssincereformandopening-up,China’seconomyhasenjoyedcontinuousgrowthanditsGDPhasrisentoamuchhigherlevel.China,acountrywithabigpopulationandweakeconomicfoundation,isconfrontedwithsomechallenges,includingdevelopmentdisparitiesbetweentheurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions,inadequateinnovationcapabilitiesandsoon.Toachievemodernization,wemustmakepersistentandstrenuouseffort.Andwecanonlyovercomeourdifficultiesthroughdevelopment.Wewillcontinuetotakedevelopmentasourtoppriorityandmakeeveryefforttoachievesoundandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.

6.單選題

TheCommitteehasapprovedyourqualificationsandyouwillbe_______totheretiringHeadClerk'spost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.employed

B.appointed

C.admitted

D.accepted

【答案】B

【解析】employed雇用;appointed任命為……;admitted接納;accepted接受。句意：委員會(huì)已批準(zhǔn)你的資格,你將被任命為退休的文書(shū)主任。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞的程度比較。對(duì)于一些可顯示程度的名詞，把帶of的數(shù)量詞放在其前面可以表示程度的修飾，且這種結(jié)構(gòu)只能與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，名詞前要加不定冠詞。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline(腎上激素)arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,“ourparticularcreature”refersto（

）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan

（

）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen

（

）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat

（

）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.publicridicule

C.physicalpain

D.afiercebeast

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

B.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

C.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

D.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onecannotstandthedanger

B.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

C.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

D.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

B.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

C.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

D.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.parents’lifestyle

B.earlyexperiences

C.schooleducation

D.homeeducation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一段的首句Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.（在生命的各個(gè)階段，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都幾乎是一個(gè)問(wèn)題）是本段的主題句，緊接著HoraceWalpole對(duì)所恐懼的東西進(jìn)行具體的舉例，如黑暗、身體疼痛、公開(kāi)嘲笑、貧困、孤獨(dú)，破折號(hào)后是對(duì)恐懼的這些東西的一個(gè)總的概括，由本段的主題fear及“forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace（對(duì)我們所有人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些特殊的東西藏在一個(gè)隱蔽的地方）”可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞usefulemotion定位到文章第二段，由Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.（同樣，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)是心理而不是身體時(shí)，恐懼會(huì)迫使你采取自我保護(hù)措施）可知B選項(xiàng)“幫助我們快速應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)，保護(hù)自己”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aproblem定位到文章第二段Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.（只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題）可知D選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)比實(shí)際情況更大”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newborn定位到文章第三段，本段的主題句為Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.（有些人比其他人更容易受到恐懼的傷害）。由Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.（從出生起，他或她更容易學(xué)會(huì)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向）可知有些人生下來(lái)就更容易受到恐懼的影響，舉例是為了表明本段的主題句，因此C選項(xiàng)“有些人天生就更容易受到危險(xiǎn)的影響”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologists定位到文章第四段，由psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears（心理學(xué)家確信我們?cè)缙诘慕?jīng)歷和關(guān)系很大程度地塑造和決定了我們?nèi)蘸蟮目謶郑┛芍狟選項(xiàng)“早期的經(jīng)歷”符合題意。

9.單選題

Manyyearsago,IwasinterviewingforaCIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)positionatBrownUniversity.HowardSwearer,thepresidentofBrownatthattime,askedme:“Whatisthegreatest（1）thatyouwouldbringtotheposition?”Ianswered:“Iammultilingual.”He（2）atmeforamoment,asifIhadlostmymindentirely.Iwentonto（3）thatIwascapableofeffectively（4）withfaculty,withstudents,withvendors,withtrustees,andwithotheradministrators.TheCIOneedstobeabletointeracteffectivelyandberespectedbyavarietyofaudiences.

Effectivenessofinteractionis（5）onwhetherornotanindividualcanunderstandthe（6）andproblemsbeingfacedbyaparticularuser.Thisistrueontheacademicsideofthehouse,whereoneneedstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist.Therearedifferent（7）fordatafiles,transmissionspeeds,andmanyotherITissuesthatdirectlyaffectthescholarshipofthesevaryingdisciplines.Theabilityto（8）someofthesescholarlyrequirementsis（9）tobeingviewedasapartnerintheacademicenterpriseratherthanjustassomebureaucratwhohas（10）fortheITenvironmentoncampus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trength

B.news

C.possibility

D.change

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nterviewed

B.stared

C.wondered

D.angered

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nswer

B.explain

C.indicate

D.demonstrate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alking

B.speaking

C.cooperating

D.communicating

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.epended

B.based

C.resulted

D.taken

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.hocks

B.worries

C.questions

D.concerns

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.eeds

B.issues

C.elements

D.concerns

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.findout

C.lookfor

D.understand

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.pecial

B.inevitable

C.essential

D.required

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.oncerns

B.worries

C.responsibility

D.confidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

【解析】1.名詞辨析。strength力量,優(yōu)勢(shì);news新聞,消息;possibility可能性,可能發(fā)生的事物;change變化,找回的零錢(qián)。根據(jù)下文中的回答"Iammultilingual(我能使用多種語(yǔ)言)”可知A符合句意。

2.固定搭配。此處句意為:他盯了我一會(huì)兒,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stareat凝視,盯住。

3.動(dòng)詞辨析。此處句意為:我繼續(xù)解釋…。answer回答;explain說(shuō)明,解釋;indicate表明,指出,預(yù)示;demonstrate證明,展示。故選B。

4.動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。此處句意為:首席信息官需要能與各種受眾進(jìn)行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk談話;speak說(shuō)話,演講;cooperate合作,配合;communicate通訊,相通,交流。故選D。

5.固定搭配。此處句意為:互動(dòng)的有效性建立在此基礎(chǔ)上:一個(gè)人能否懂得特定使用者面臨的……和問(wèn)題。bebasedon建立在…基礎(chǔ)上。

6.名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。shock休克,震驚,震動(dòng);worry擔(dān)心,煩惱;question問(wèn)題,疑問(wèn),詢問(wèn);concern關(guān)系,關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,憂慮。And連接空格和problems(問(wèn)題),因此推測(cè)D項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。need需求,要求;issue問(wèn)題,發(fā)布;element元素,成分;concern關(guān)系,關(guān)心?？崭袂熬湟鉃?這在學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)方面是真實(shí)的,在這里一個(gè)人需要其懂得粒子物理學(xué)家、古典主義者或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技術(shù)需求和問(wèn)題。由此可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.邏輯分析。know知道,認(rèn)識(shí),懂得;findout査明,發(fā)現(xiàn);lookfor尋找,understand理解,懂得。前面句子指出:needstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist(需要懂得粒子物理學(xué)家、古典主義者或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技術(shù)需求和問(wèn)題),因此此處表示:理解這些學(xué)術(shù)需要的能力,因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.短語(yǔ)辨析。由空格后“viewedasapartnerintheacademicenterprise被認(rèn)為是學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)上的合作者”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里指代“必不可少的能力”,beessentialtobeing是必不可少的,故選C。其他搭配為:bespecialto是…所特有的;beinevitableto是不可避免的;berequiredto被要求。

10.名詞辨析。句意:理解這些學(xué)術(shù)要求的能力對(duì)于被視為學(xué)術(shù)企業(yè)的合作伙伴來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的,而不僅僅是一些對(duì)校園IT環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)的官僚。因此C項(xiàng)“責(zé)任,職責(zé),義務(wù)”正確。

10.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

英國(guó)食品安全機(jī)構(gòu)本周日稱，一年前，3個(gè)歐盟國(guó)家已經(jīng)得到關(guān)于馬肉問(wèn)題的通知。這些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日發(fā)出，通知特別指出了丹麥、匈牙利和意大利應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)查關(guān)于馬肉的問(wèn)題。它還在歐盟的食品和飼料快速警告系統(tǒng)中發(fā)布。

【答案】Britain’sfoodsafetyagencysaidonSundaythatthreeEuropeanUnioncountrieshadbeennotifiedaboutthehorsemeatproblemayearago.Thenotices,issuedon1February,15March2012and7March2012,specificallystatedthatDenmark,HungaryandItalyshouldinvestigatetheissueofhorsemeat.ItisalsopublishedintheEU’sRapidWarningsystemforfoodandfeed.

11.單選題

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)先行詞為theway時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公眾非常關(guān)心自然受到破壞的方式。

12.單選題

Sinceteacherbehavioris（）forpublicdisplay,teachersmustbecautiousintheirpersonallives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldup

B.usedup

C.keptup

D.dressedup

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)holdup“舉起”；B選項(xiàng)useup“用完”；C選項(xiàng)keepup“保持、處于”；D選項(xiàng)dressup“打扮、穿戴整齊”，句意：由于教師的行為是公開(kāi)展示的，教師在個(gè)人生活中必須謹(jǐn)慎。holdup“舉起”符合題意，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.單選題

Onceapoliticalsystemhasbeencorrupted,rightfromtheverytopleaderstothelowestranksofthegovernment,theproblemisverycomplicated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoiled

B.disintegrated

C.rotten

D.boiled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。corrupted表示“腐敗的”。A項(xiàng)spoiled“溺愛(ài)的，破壞的”，B項(xiàng)disintegrated“分裂的，崩潰的”，C項(xiàng)rotten“腐爛的，墮落的”，D項(xiàng)boiled“煮沸的”；句意：一旦一個(gè)政治體系腐敗，從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到最低級(jí)別的政府，問(wèn)題就變得非常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

14.單選題

RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？崭袂笆且粋€(gè)完整的句子，因此逗號(hào)后需要一個(gè)關(guān)系詞修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞“Educator,PnamaorMexico”，后面的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主要成分，因此關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，只有C選項(xiàng)where符合要求。句意：一項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)表明，希望延長(zhǎng)養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可能會(huì)考慮在厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或墨西哥度過(guò)他們的黃金歲月，因?yàn)槟抢锏纳畛杀据^低，而且天氣溫暖。

15.單選題

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.問(wèn)題不只是如何更有效率、更舒適、更滿足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力?！币约暗诙沃小癗ordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto—therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.它們也不能將一個(gè)人與之必須要聯(lián)系的事情聯(lián)系起來(lái)——即一些現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，比如他人痛苦；自身創(chuàng)造性成長(zhǎng)的可能性；種族的記憶；以及下一代的權(quán)利?？芍髡咛岢隽擞?jì)算機(jī)目前不能解決人類生活中的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。故D項(xiàng)“如果計(jì)算機(jī)能夠更敏感地捕捉人類社會(huì)存在的真實(shí)問(wèn)題，那么作者會(huì)少些批判”正確。由“Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.計(jì)算機(jī)使人類熟練程度的顯著飛躍成為可能；它打破了實(shí)踐智能甚至理論智能的藩籬?！笨芍狝B兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)可以做到了。C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。答案D

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom在計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，這些問(wèn)題之所以重要，是因?yàn)榭赡苡幸环N將數(shù)據(jù)誤認(rèn)為是智慧的傾向”可反推在計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，最重要的不是數(shù)據(jù)，而是智慧。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由第四段中“Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.它們太容易被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)過(guò)評(píng)估的事實(shí)，而不是迫切需要加工成具有邏輯的最原始的材料。”以及“Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.計(jì)算機(jī)可以提供一個(gè)正確的數(shù)字，但在做出判斷之前，它可能是一個(gè)不相關(guān)的數(shù)字?！笨芍娔X的數(shù)據(jù)不一定正確，需要人們?nèi)ヅ袛?。答案C

第4題:推理判斷題。由第二段中“Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.電腦能減少重要研究中的許多死胡同。”可知計(jì)算機(jī)只是起到輔助作用。由最后一段“Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.這可能會(huì)造成一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，讓人們覺(jué)得他問(wèn)的是基本問(wèn)題，而實(shí)際上他問(wèn)的只是功能性問(wèn)題。讓人們覺(jué)得它可以被看作是智力的替代品，而不是智力的延伸。它可能會(huì)使人們對(duì)具體的答案產(chǎn)生過(guò)分的信心。可知ABC三項(xiàng)不正確。答案D

16.單選題

Wehadthoughttheexamwouldbedifficult,butit（

）easy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turned

B.came

C.appeared

D.proved

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎；轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)come“做；假裝；來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)appear“出現(xiàn)；顯得”；D選項(xiàng)prove“證明；結(jié)果表明”。句意：我們?cè)詾榭荚嚂?huì)很難，但……它很容易。appear后接形容詞表示“結(jié)果表明……”時(shí)應(yīng)用“appeartobe……”結(jié)構(gòu)。只有prove后面接形容詞有此用法且符合語(yǔ)境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（

）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nevertheless

B.unless

C.if

D.oncondition

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞詞義和詞組辨析。nevertheless然而；不過(guò)；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根據(jù)前后句意推斷C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C。句意：如果我們?cè)诎惭b線上的設(shè)備和職工培訓(xùn)方面是較差的，那么我們就不能指望去與其他大公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

18.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴”；shelter“庇護(hù)，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛(ài)好”。句意：多我們來(lái)說(shuō)知識(shí)是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時(shí)候，如果年輕時(shí)不開(kāi)始，年老的時(shí)候它就不會(huì)給我們遮陰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，B項(xiàng)before“之前”，C項(xiàng)preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D項(xiàng)following“其次的，接著的”。根據(jù)句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，美國(guó)是英國(guó)的殖民地。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Adrunkmanwalkedin,______inappearance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repulsive

B.reluctant

C.reproachful

D.reputed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B項(xiàng)reluctant“不情愿的”，常與to搭配構(gòu)成不定式；C項(xiàng)reproachful“責(zé)備的、指責(zé)的”；D項(xiàng)reputed“享有聲望的”；句意：一個(gè)醉漢走了進(jìn)來(lái)，面目可憎。因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

21.填空題

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationonFridayproposedtwoimportantrules_1_atpreventingthecontaminationofproduceandprocessedfoods.The_2_rulerepresentaseachangeinthewaytheagencypolicesfood,aprocessthatcurrently_3_takingactionaftercontaminationhasbeenidentified.

Changesincluderequirementsforbetterrecordkeeping,contingency（應(yīng)急的）plansforhandlingoutbreaksandmeasuresthatwouldpreventthespreadofcontaminationinthefirstplace.Whilefoodproducerswouldhavelatitudein4howtoexecutetherules,farmerswouldhavetoensurethatwaterusedinirrigationmeetcertainstandardsandfood_5_needtofindwaystokeepfreshthatmaycontainbacteriafromcominginto_6_withfoodthathasbeencooked.Newsafetymeasuresmightincluderequiringthatfarmworkerswashtheirhands,_7__portabletoiletsinfieldsandensuringthatfoodsshouldbecookedattemperatureshighenoughtokillbacteria.

Whetherconsumerswill_8_bearsomeoftheexpensesofthenewruleswasunclear,theagencyestimatedthattheproposalswouldcostfoodproducerstensofthousandsofdollarsayear.PresidentObamarequested$220millioninhis2013_9_,butDr.MargaretHamburg,commissioneroftheF.D.A,said“resourcesremainanongoingconcern.”Nonetheless,agencyofficialswere_10_thatthenewruleswouldprotectconsumersbetter.

【答案】1.A2.N3.H4.F5.M6.D7.G8.O9.C10.I

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局在周五提出了兩項(xiàng)重要規(guī)定，__防止生產(chǎn)和加工食品的污染。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷aim針對(duì)、目的在于符合句意，aimat為固定搭配。

2.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入形容詞。由上文內(nèi)容“proposedtwoimportantrules”可判斷空格部分“The__rule”。從選項(xiàng)中的形容詞可以判斷proposed被提議的、建議的符合句意。

3.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：這項(xiàng)規(guī)定標(biāo)志著該機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管食品的方式發(fā)生了巨大變化，目前這一過(guò)程__在確定污染后采取行動(dòng)。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷involve包含符合句意，involvedoingsth包含。

4.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：食品生產(chǎn)商可以自由__如何執(zhí)行這些規(guī)定。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷determine決定符合句意。

5.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入名詞。由上文內(nèi)容“Whilefoodproducerswouldhave……”可判斷空格部分“food__”。句意為：食品__需要找到保持新鮮的方法。從選項(xiàng)中的名詞可以判斷producers生產(chǎn)者、制造者符合句意。

6.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：食品生產(chǎn)商需要找到保持新鮮的方法，防止可能含有細(xì)菌的食品__煮熟的食品。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷contact接觸符合題意，comeintocontactwith和……接觸、接觸到。

7.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：新的安全措施可能包括要求農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人洗手，在田地里__便攜的洗手間，確保食物在足夠高的溫度下烹飪以殺死細(xì)菌。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷install安裝符合句意。

8.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入副詞。句意為：消費(fèi)者_(dá)_是否會(huì)承擔(dān)新規(guī)定的部分費(fèi)用尚不清楚。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷ultimately最后、最終符合句意。

9.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入名詞。句意為：奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在2013年的__中要求2.2億美元。這里提到金額，因此從選項(xiàng)中的名詞可以判斷budget預(yù)算符合句意。

10.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入形容詞。由Nonetheless盡管如此可以判斷空格部分需要填入一個(gè)與前文相反的態(tài)度，從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷optimistic樂(lè)觀的符合句意。

22.翻譯題

通過(guò)資料查閱、實(shí)地調(diào)研、數(shù)據(jù)分析和專家會(huì)商等途徑，篩選出適用于該地區(qū)的古樹(shù)健康診斷形態(tài)指標(biāo)，確立各指標(biāo)的分級(jí)依據(jù)，構(gòu)建古樹(shù)健康診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并依據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)滇中地區(qū)86株古樹(shù)（樹(shù)名暫略）的健康狀況進(jìn)行診查。結(jié)果表明：古樹(shù)的健康狀況大多為良和一般，不同樹(shù)種有些許差異，其結(jié)果與古樹(shù)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng)弱成正相關(guān),能夠反映古樹(shù)健康的真實(shí)狀況，應(yīng)用效果良好