書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-張家口學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenseswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen'sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople'ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

1.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（

）.

2.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen

（

）.

3.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto

（

）.

4.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph

（

）.

5.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen'sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraphs

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwoman,shouldbethewooer

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問第一段中的“男人對自己的性別角色的確信”表明他們…‘’由第一段第二句“Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.在大量的人類社會(huì)里，男性對自己性別角色的確定與他們?nèi)?shí)踐女性不被允許的活動(dòng)的權(quán)利或能力聯(lián)系在一起?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“對什么被看成是‘男子氣概’有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘第三段沒有提及…’。由第三段中“...takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen'spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.有時(shí)采取明顯的（將女性）排除在某些職業(yè)和社會(huì)群體之外的方式；有時(shí)采取更微妙的方式去自動(dòng)懷疑女性自稱達(dá)到被認(rèn)為是男性為運(yùn)行世界這個(gè)事業(yè)而帶來的智力和決斷水平的真正性?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)的“背地里羨慕女性的資料和決斷”在第三段中沒有提及，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“阻止女性從事某些職業(yè)”、C選項(xiàng)“懷疑是否女性真正打算去在職業(yè)上獲得成功”及D選項(xiàng)“禁止女性加入某些俱樂部和社會(huì)團(tuán)體”在第三段都有提及。。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘在最后一段的結(jié)尾，作者使用了幽默的夸張手法來達(dá)到….’。由最后一段第一句“Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...每個(gè)人對原命或自然的乂類生活情況都有一個(gè)非常確切的想法，相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過研究幽默的卡通圖畫來獲得的”確定C選項(xiàng)“支持同一個(gè)段落第一句話”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘他在最后一段提到穴居人…’。由最后一段第二句“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過研究幽默的卡通圖畫來獲得的”確定A選項(xiàng)“基于研究考古學(xué)”與原文不符。由最后一段中“Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.在這種基本的自然社會(huì)里，男人出去打獵、捕魚和擊退臨近的部落，而女人保持爐火不滅（即負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)）”確定B選項(xiàng)“描述了人們怎樣期盼男性去表現(xiàn)”正確。C選項(xiàng)“被作者以一個(gè)不相關(guān)的笑話而沒有考慮”及D選項(xiàng)“證明男人而非女人應(yīng)該是追求者”在文中沒有提及。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘瑪格麗特?米德的引言概括了作者對男女關(guān)系的理解的…’。由最后一段中“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過研究幽默的卡通圖畫來獲得的，但這個(gè)不重要，因?yàn)樗皇亲鳛槔碚摱匾?，而是作為一種內(nèi)心感到的期望的表達(dá)，即人們感覺在兩性角色區(qū)別上什么在根本上是合適?！贝_定作者贊同MargretMead總結(jié)的在社會(huì)中男性和女性的角色應(yīng)該被區(qū)分”，所以A選項(xiàng)“贊同”正確。

2.單選題

Notalldecisionsarealike.（1）iseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Althoughsomeactionsyouundertake（2）theirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareotherinstances（3）decision-makingdoesnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingtoDeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyouconsciouslymakedecisionsabout（4）thingsaswhich,sideofyourhairtocombfirst,howtobrushyourteeth,orwhichshoeto（5）first?Probably（6）.Althoughyoumayhavemadeaconsciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobably（7）anytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividualhascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmade（8）inyourlife,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtimeyouundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyourdailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalktoclassifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutineplansoractionsasresourcetomake（9）decisions.

Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeina（10）situations.Thesearecalledprogrammeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsaredifferentfromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioralactionsrepeatedlyundertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,（11）,utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituationForinstance,youknowyouaregoingtohaveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone（12）yourknowledgeofasimilarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccess（13）achievedwillbeadeterminantinhow,when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.

Programmeddecisions,likeroutines,area(n)（14）inyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenproves.tobesuccessfulyourepeatthesameactionthenexttimeasimilarsituationoccurs.Thesuccessfulachievement,（15）thesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhenandtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecision（16）employingitagainin（17）situations.

Bothroutineand（18）decisionsserveusefulpurposes.Theyactasresourcesby（19）theneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluatemanagerialactions.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutobypassor（20）theuseofthedecision-makingprocess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Not

B.No

C.Nor

D.Never

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toderive

B.derive

C.deriving

D.derived

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.Where

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.thesame

C.somany

D.such

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.puton

C.putoff

D.putup

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.yes

B.not

C.ok

D.no

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.didn'tspend

B.wouldn'tspend

C.won'tspend

D.hadn'tspent

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.atthefighttime

B.atanearlytime

C.atanearliertime

D.attheearliesttime

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.old

C.new

D.separate

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.regular

C.routine

D.given

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.ontheotherhand

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.using

B.havingused

C.touse

D.tohaveused

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.lately

B.previously

C.recently

D.currently

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.resource

B.determinant

C.experience

D.achievement

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.repeatedby

B.provedby

C.measuredby

D.metby

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.before

C.after

D.since

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.anyother

B.allother

C.theother

D.otherlike

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.habitual

B.impulsive

C.programmed

D.conscious

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.eliminating

B.satisfying

C.increasing

D.reducing

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.minimize

B.maximize

C.make

D.employ

【答案】第1題:

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】（1）語法和搭配。Nor的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表“…..也不”，句意：所有的決定都不相同，每個(gè)做決定的方式也不相同。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格為謂語動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)A和C可排除。整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選用動(dòng)詞原形derive，derive…from“源自”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）語法題。根據(jù)題意，可知空格中需要填入一個(gè)關(guān)系詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞instances“舉例”，選項(xiàng)when關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（4）固定搭配。such…as“例如，諸如”，表示舉例子。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）詞組辨析。putdown“記下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；puton“穿上”；putoff“延期”；putup“舉起，張貼”。句意：首先穿那只鞋？選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）上下文語義理解。根據(jù)前面一句“doyouconsciouslymakedecisions…”，可知前面一句是一般疑問句，根據(jù)文意，應(yīng)該為否定回答，所以選用not，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）上下文語義理解和邏輯關(guān)系。前一句為讓步狀語從句，意為：盡管你可能已經(jīng)有意識(shí)地決定了要穿什么去上課，可知后一句意思為：你可能不會(huì)花時(shí)間做決定。前后兩句形成讓步關(guān)系。并且整個(gè)句子談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事情，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）上下文語義理解。根據(jù)文意：每個(gè)人都會(huì)有一些習(xí)慣和日常行為，盡管這些行為習(xí)慣來源于生活中更早的一些決定。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）上下文語義理解。上文提到了常規(guī)習(xí)慣對以后生活的帶來影響，根據(jù)文意：你可以使用日常計(jì)劃或行動(dòng)作為來源去做出新的決定。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）上下文語義理解。根據(jù)上文“Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow”，可知除了你所遵循的習(xí)慣行為或慣例，你也要在具體的情況下采取特殊的行動(dòng)。specificactions和specificsituations形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到了程序化決策不同于常規(guī)決策，空格后提到了在類似的情況下利用你過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，前后形成了對比關(guān)系。所以用搭配ontheotherhand，表示“另一方面”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（12）語法題。根據(jù)上文“Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedone”，可知空格前句子完整，空格為狀語成分，并且表伴隨，所以選用-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（13）上下文語義理解。lately“近來，不久前”；previously“以前，預(yù)先”；recently“最近”；currently“當(dāng)前”。句意：以前取得的成功程度將決定你如何、何時(shí)、何地、以及為這次考試學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間長短。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）上下文語義理解。resource“資源，來源”；determinant“決定因素”；experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”；achievement“成就”。句意：程序化的決策，就像常規(guī)決定一樣，是你管理中一種資源。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（15）上下文語義理解。repeat“重復(fù)”；prove“證明”；measure“測量”；meet“遇見”。句意：成功的成就，用你得到的滿足感來衡量。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）上下文語義理解。until“直到”；before“在之前”；after“在之后”；since“自從”。句意：成功的成就，由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量，決定了你在什么時(shí)候以及在多大程度上，在其用于其他類似的情況之前，修改了最初的決定。所以選用before“在之前”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）下文語義理解題。anyother“其他的”；allother“所有其他”；theother“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。句意：成功的成就，由你所獲得的滿足感來衡量，決定了你在什么時(shí)候以及在多大程度上，在其用于其他類似的情況之前，修改了最初的決定。所以意思為“其他類似的”，選用“otherlike”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（18）上下文語義理解和語法。habitual“習(xí)慣的，習(xí)以為常的”；impulsive“沖動(dòng)的，任性的”；programmed“程序化的”；conscious“意識(shí)到的，神志清晰的”。句意：常規(guī)決策和程序化決策都有其有用的目的。根據(jù)語法，both前后的成分保持并列，具有同一性質(zhì)。上文也提及了程序化決策。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）上下文語義理解。eliminate“消除，排除”；satisfy“使?jié)M意”；increase“增加”；reduce“減少”。句意：它們作為一種資源，消除了做出新決定的需要。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（20）上下文語義理解。minimize“最小化”；maximize“最大化”；make“制作，使”；employ“采用，雇用”。句意：您所取得的成功使您能夠繞過或?qū)Q策過程實(shí)現(xiàn)最小化。

3.單選題

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡管人們已經(jīng)

可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件，但是仍不知道根本的原因。

Identify鑒別，識(shí)別；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；notify通知，布告；convey傳達(dá)，傳遞。所以，A項(xiàng)identify符合句意。

4.單選題

Theyhadafierce（）astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationship

whichwasbrokenyearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.clash

C.disagreement

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：關(guān)于公司是否應(yīng)該恢復(fù)數(shù)年前破裂的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，他們進(jìn)行了一場激烈的

。

debate討論，辯論；clash爭論；disagreement分歧；contest競爭。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，對待科技發(fā)展存在著相互對立的兩種思潮；反科學(xué)思潮認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展非但沒有給人類社會(huì)帶來福音，反而帶來了災(zāi)難和毀滅；另一種是科技進(jìn)步思潮，他們認(rèn)為人類面臨的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)失衡、資源枯竭等危機(jī)是科學(xué)發(fā)展過程中自然而然遇到的問題，這些問題進(jìn)一步解決的出路恰恰在于繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展科技。上述兩種觀點(diǎn)都有一定的合理性，也都有各執(zhí)一端的片面性，如果從時(shí)代的高度和辯證的觀點(diǎn)看待當(dāng)代科技的發(fā)展時(shí)，我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)代科學(xué)技術(shù)所面臨的問題并不是去如何認(rèn)識(shí)現(xiàn)代科技進(jìn)步，而是從時(shí)代的需要出發(fā)，設(shè)法找到未來科技進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的理論根據(jù)所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

6.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

7.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后，這對老夫婦現(xiàn)在仍然哀悼他。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cherish珍愛;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，執(zhí)行；mourn哀悼，憂傷，服喪。根據(jù)句意“在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

8.單選題

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpeople（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。byaccident“意外的”；onoccasion“有時(shí)”；atrandom“胡亂的、隨便的”；onaverage“平均的”。本句意為“魔術(shù)師隨意的從觀眾中挑選一些人幫助他表演”，atrandom符合句意，因此選C。

9.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高級經(jīng)理們有五種方式來使用直覺：1.他們直覺得感到有問題存在；2.他們依靠直覺迅速做出訓(xùn)練有素的行為模式；3.利用直覺來對圖片進(jìn)行加工，對碎片信息進(jìn)行整合；4.使用直覺來進(jìn)行理性分析；5.使用直覺來避開深入的分析并立即想出一個(gè)可行的方案。選項(xiàng)A符合第五點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)B符合第一點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)C符合第三點(diǎn)。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理們依賴于直覺既不是理性的對立面，也不是反復(fù)無常的借口。所以選項(xiàng)D“這些作者誤解了在做商業(yè)決定時(shí)經(jīng)理們?nèi)绾问褂弥庇X”符合題意。

3.本題的題干是假設(shè)經(jīng)理X使用直覺做決定，而經(jīng)理Y使用正式的分析，他們最大的不同是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到直覺型經(jīng)理認(rèn)為思考與形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行為只是確定問題，而不是實(shí)施方案，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章提到直覺型的經(jīng)理們認(rèn)為想和做不可分割，高級經(jīng)理們總是在不同的實(shí)際案例中學(xué)習(xí)更多解決問題的方法，然后利用這些實(shí)踐得來的方法對問題進(jìn)行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高級職業(yè)經(jīng)理人不按照傳統(tǒng)模式而依靠直覺（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.obtain

C.derive

D.result

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。derivefrom“源于，來自”；resultfrom“由…造成”；句意：許多受歡迎的短語實(shí)際上來自圣經(jīng)。C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ifyoudon’twanttotalktohim,I’llspeaktohim（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onyourbehalf

B.onyouraccount

C.foryourpart

D.inyourinterest

【答案】A

【解析】名詞性短語含義辨析。onone’sbehalf“為...的利益,代表”;onone’saccount“為了某人”;forone’spart“就某人來說”;inone’sinterest“符合某人利益”。句意:如果你不想和他談,我就代表你去和他說。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompa