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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-拉薩師范高等專科學??荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecommitteeis(

)adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

問題1選項

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和動詞詞組辨析。wait“等候”;awaitfor這個詞組不常見;await“等候”;anticipate“預期;期望”。句意:采取任何行動之前,委員會正在等待總部的一個決定。wait后面要接一個介詞for再加等待的對象;await可以直接接賓語。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Hebroughtanentirelynewlevelofstyleandsophisticationtojazzmusic.Althoughagiftedpianoplayer,DukeEllingtonusedtheorchestraashisprincipalinstrument.Heconsideredhimselfacomposerandarrangerratherthanjustamusician,likeJellyRollMortonbeforehim.

Itwasin1917whenDukebeganplayingmusicprofessionallyinWashington,D.C.StridepianoplayerslikeJamesP?JohnsonandWillie“TheLion”Smithinfluencedhispianotechnique.DukeledabandcalledTheWashingtonians,whichplayedatTheHollywoodClubinManhattan(theclubwaslaterrenamedastheKentuckyClub).ThisbandacquiredastyleallitsownwhentrumpetplayerBubberMileyjoinedit,bringingwithhimhisuniqueplunger-mutestyleofplaying.Calledthe“JungleSound,”thissoundcametobelargelyresponsibleforEllington’searlysuccess.AgoodexampleofthisstyleofplayingisthesongEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo.In1924,thegrouprecordedtheirfirstalbum,ChooChoo(GottaHurryHomeandRainyNights(RainyDays)).However,thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.In1927,thebandre-recordedversionsofEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo,thendebutedtwosongsthatwouldbeassociatedwithDukefortherestofhiscareer,BlackandTanFantasyandCreoleLoveCall.

Ellington’sOrchestra,unlikemanyofitscontemporaries,wasabletomakethetransitionfrom1920shotjazzto1930sswingmusic.Onesongitplayed,ItDon’tMeanaThing(IfItAin’tGotThatSwing),evencametodefinetheera.WhatkepttheEllingtonOrchestraamajorforceinjazzwasthisveryabilitytoadaptandgrowwiththetimes.

ThefameandinfluenceofEllingtoncontinuedtogrowthroughoutthe40sand50s.HisbandcontinuedtocomeupwithjazzstandardslikeTakethe‘A’Train,Perdido,the4C’JamBlues,andSatinDollDukewroteseveralreligiouspiecesinthe1960s.HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,amongthemCharlesMingusandMaxRoachwithwhomheplayedatrio.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,DukeEllingtonworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPTasa().

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthispassagemostprobablyagreewith?

4.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutDukeEllingtonaretrueEXCEPT().

問題1選項

A.thelifeofDukeEllington

B.theshiftfromjazztoswingmusic

C.themusicofDukeEllington

D.thedevelopmentofjazzmusic

問題2選項

A.bandleader

B.singer

C.bandmanager

D.composer

問題3選項

A.DukeEllington’sresistancetochangecausedthecollapseofhismusicalcareer.

B.DukeEllingtondidmostofhisjazzcompositionsincollaborationwithothers.

C.DukeEllington’sclassicalcompositionsarehisgreatestcontributiontomusic.

D.DukeEllington’ssophisticatedmusicalstylegreatlyinfluencedthejazzgenre.

問題4選項

A.Hetrainedseveralbandstoperformhisjazzmusic.

B.Hehadalwaysperformedwithhisownband.

C.Hewasamajorinfluenceinjazzmusic.

D.Hecomposedmanysongsthatdefinedacertainperiod.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。文章一開始講到了DukeEllington給爵士樂帶來了一種新的風格,后面介紹了他給樂隊發(fā)展帶來的影響,以及在音樂方面的創(chuàng)作。由此可知,文章主要話題是艾靈頓公爵的音樂。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.”是歐文.米爾斯成為了經(jīng)理,而不是艾靈頓。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,可看出艾靈頓讓爵士樂的風格和復雜性有了一個新的高度,而且產(chǎn)生了持久的影響力。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,”,艾靈頓并不只是和自己的樂隊一起表演,還和其他爵士音樂人一起合作,選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe(

)ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

問題1選項

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項hallmark“特質(zhì);品質(zhì)證明”;B選項drawback“缺點;不利條件;退稅”;C選項continuity“連續(xù)性”;D選項ambiguity“含糊;模棱兩可的話”。句意:歷史學家杰克遜?特納聲稱邊疆地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了個人主義,而個人主義正是美國文化的……,這種個人主義反過來又促進了民主制度和經(jīng)濟平等。由句意可知A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes().

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto()elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis().

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto().

問題1選項

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

問題2選項

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

問題3選項

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

問題4選項

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

問題5選項

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”選項C與原文表述一致,正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不斷的醫(yī)療護理的老年人才應該住進養(yǎng)老院。也就是說,養(yǎng)老院對需要持續(xù)醫(yī)療護理的老年人有益。選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美國,教育年輕人和老年人關(guān)注老年人的問題。選項D正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”選項B與原文表述一致,正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的三四句,MaggieKuhn鼓勵老人繼續(xù)住在自己的房子里,和年輕人生活在一起,有孩子在身邊是很重要的。選項C符合原文。

5.單選題

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe()waythestorewasorganized.

問題1選項

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。logical“有邏輯的”;haphazard“偶然的;隨意的”;orderly“有秩序的”;tidy“整潔的”。句意:找到這個工作所需要的零件很難,因為商店擺放的方式很隨意。選項B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Highlysuccessfulscientistsdependonspecialtalents,likeinarts,music,andsoon.Natureproducesthemveryslowly,parsimoniously,andataconstantrate.Onehastodomorewithmorewithbothnaturalgiftsandformalextensiveacademictraining.Theirnumbercannotbeincreasedundercommand:theydevelopspontaneouslywheneverthescientifictrainingofthecommunityisadequatetoprovidethebasictrainingtheyneedwhichistodaythecaseinseveralnationsovertheworldincludingmanyofthedevelopingcountries.Thesecondelementisthe“collectivityeffect”Scientificprogressisgreatlyenhancedbyanonlineareffect.Progressismuchfasterwhenmanyanddifferenttypesofscientistsinteractcloselytogether.Thisisparticularlyactiveatthe“interface”betweendisciplines;forinstance,achemistryideaappliedtobiology.Amathematicalconceptappliedtophysics,andsoon.Inotherwords100scientistsofnottoodifferentdisciplinesoperating,sotospeak,underthesameroof,makemuchmoreandfasterprogressthanthesame100peopleworkingseparatelyandinisolation.

【答案】成就卓越的科學家的成功離不開自己在如藝術(shù)、音樂等領(lǐng)域的獨特天賦。大自然對這些人物的造就非常緩慢,非常吝嗇,而且始終如此。科學家必須更好地處理天賦與正規(guī)、全面的學校培養(yǎng)的關(guān)系。天才科學家的數(shù)目是不可能依照命令而增加的。只有當科學家所在的社區(qū)能夠提供其所需的基礎訓練時,天才科學家才會自然而然地得到培養(yǎng)。這就是當今世界上的一些國家,包括許多發(fā)展中國家中所出現(xiàn)的情形。第二個原因就是所謂的“集體效應”。這種非線性的效應極大地促進了科學的進步。當許多不同類型的科學家在一起進行密切互動,科學進步的速度就會加快。這種進步在不同學科的“交叉地帶”尤為活躍。例如,把化學上的某個想法施用于生物學,把數(shù)學上的某一概念施用于物理學等。換句話說,100名專業(yè)區(qū)別不大的科學家在一起合作研究所取得的進展,可以說,要比同樣多的科學家在分散的、相互隔離的環(huán)境中研究取得的進展要大得多,快得多。

7.單選題

Itmakesherveryangrywhenhesaysthatmenareintrinsically()towomen.

問題1選項

A.meticulous

B.applicable

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。meticulous“一絲不茍的,小心翼翼的”;applicable“可適用的,可應用的”;superior“優(yōu)越,優(yōu)秀”;inferior“差的;自卑的”。句意:當聽到他說男人在本質(zhì)上優(yōu)于女人這個說法時,她很生氣。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Themotherwas()withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的;古怪的”;frank“坦白的,直率的”;frantic“狂亂的,瘋狂的”;frenzy“狂暴;狂怒”。句意:當那位母親得知她的孩子死了,悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat().

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers().

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho().

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess().

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat().

問題1選項

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

問題3選項

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

問題4選項

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

問題5選項

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“作者關(guān)于學校的主要觀點是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學生與學?;ハ嗖贿m應,也就不奇怪他們對讀書經(jīng)歷沒什么好感”(Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience),選項A“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老師的話的目的是什么?”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學生不喜歡學校,接下來列舉了他們的學校經(jīng)歷來作證,因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實支持,選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“像畢加索那樣擁有天賦的孩子的特點是什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學生中的一些人在學??赡芤驗樘熨x不在學業(yè)方面,因此表現(xiàn)很差,比如畢加索”(Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway),因此選項D“無法應對學校里的學習”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“很多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“當談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時,這些天賦極高的人談論得更多的是他們的家庭而不是學校或者老師”(Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers),選項B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“很多有天賦的學生對學校沒有好的回憶的根本原因是什么?”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學校表現(xiàn)不好,并不是因為他們?nèi)狈δ芰?,而是因為他們覺得學校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性,因此失去了興趣”(Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest),選項D“學校課程不能鼓勵和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

10.單選題

“Avoidcompulsion,”saidPlatointheRepublic,“andletyourchildren’slessonstaketheformofplay.”Horace,amongothers,recommendedrewardingachildwithcakes.ErasmustellsofanEnglishgentlemanwhotriedtoteachhissonGreekandLatinwithoutpunishment.HetaughttheboytouseabowandarrowandsetuptargetsintheshapeofGreekandLatinletters,rewardingeachhitwithacherry.Healsofedtheboyletterscutfromdeliciousbiscuits.Privilegesandfavorsareoftensuggested,andtheteachermaybepersonallyreinforcingasfriendorentertainer.Inindustrialeducationstudentsarepaidforlearning.Certainexplicitcontrivedreinforcers,suchasmarks,grades,anddiplomas,arecharacteristicofeducationasaninstitution.(Thesesuggestprogress,butlikeprogresstheymustbemadereinforcingforotherreasons.)Prizesareintrinsicallyreinforcing.Honorsandmedalsderivetheirpowerfromprestigeoresteem.Thisvariesbetweenculturesandepochs.In1876OscarWilde,then22yearsoldandhalfwaytowardhisB.A.atOxford,gota“firstinMods.”Hewrotetoafriend:“...IdidnotknowwhatIhadgottillthenextmorningat12o’clock,breakfastingattheMitre,IreaditintheTimes.AltogetherIswaggeredhorriblybutamreallypleasedwithmyself.Mypoormotherisingreatdelight,andIwasoverwhelmedwithtelegramsonThursdayfromeveryoneIknew.”Thecontemporarystudentgraduatingsummacumlaudeislesswidelyacclaimed.

Althoughfreeofsomeoftheby-productsofaversivecontrol,positivereinforcersofthissortarenotwithouttheirproblems.Manyareeffectiveonlyincertainstatesofdeprivationwhicharenotalwayseasilyarranged.Makingastudenthungryinordertoreinforcehimwithfoodwouldraisepersonalissueswhicharenotentirelyavoidedwithotherkindsofreinforcers.Wecannotallgetprizes,andifsomestudentsgetshighgrades,othersmustgetlow.

Butthemainproblemagainisthecontingencies.Muchofwhatthechildistodoinschooldoesnothavetheformofplay,withitsnaturallyreinforcingconsequences,noristhereanynaturalconnectionwithfoodorapassinggradeoramedal.Suchcontingenciesmustbearrangedbytheteacher,andthearrangementisoftendefective.TheboymentionedbyErasmusmayhavesalivatedslightlyuponseekingaGreekorLatintext,andhewasprobablyabetterarcher,buthisknowledgeofGreekandLatincouldnothavebeenappreciablyimproved.Gradesarealmostalwaysgivenlongafterthestudenthadstoppedbehavingasastudent.Wemustknowthatsuchcontingenciesareweakbecausewewouldneverusethemtoshapeskilledbehavior.Inindustrialeducationpayisusuallybythehour—inotherwords,contingentmainlyonbeingpresent.Scholarshipsarecontingentonagenerallevelofperformance.Allthesecontingenciescouldnodoubtbeimproved,butthereisprobablygoodreasonwhytheyremaindefective.

26.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“Englishgentleman”believedthatgoodteachingutilized______.

27.TheparentheticalremarkinParagraph1(Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons)isintendedtocautioneducatorsagainst______.

28.Thispassageindicatesthat“culturesandepochs”(Paragraph1)varyinwaysthat______.

29.TheWildestoryinParagraph1,“In1876…everyoneIknew,”isintendedtoillustrate______.

30.Thispassagementionswhichofthefollowingas“problems”(Paragraph2)inherentintheuseofpositivereinforcersineducation?

I.difficultiesinschedulingthereinforcers

II.limitationsinthesupplyofreinforcers

III.thefactthatrewardsencourageonlysuperficiallearning

31.Inthefinalparagraphofthispassage,theauthorsuggeststhatgradesareproblematicasreinforcersbecausethey______.

問題1選項

A.punishment

B.well-writtenbooks

C.reward

D.carefulgrading

問題2選項

A.failingtomakegradesanddiplomasmeaningfultostudents

B.punishingstudentsunnecessarily

C.emphasizingentertainmentoverrigor

D.usingrewardsasreinforcers

問題3選項

A.universitieschoosefromamongtheirapplicants

B.academicawardsareeffectiveasmotivations

C.universitiesteachliterature

D.themediaportrayeducationalcrisis

問題4選項

A.howafamousauthorusedrewardstoteachhisstudents

B.thedangerouseffectsofusingacademicrewards

C.thepointthatPlatomakesinthefirstsentence

D.howthemodernculturalperceptionofacademichonorsdiffersfromthatofapreviousera

問題5選項

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IandIIIonly

問題6選項

A.cannotbegiventoeverystudent

B.arenotpublicizedenough

C.arenotgivenimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehaviorisexhibited

D.arenotasusefultothestudentasmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】26.【選項釋義】

26.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“Englishgentleman”believedthatgoodteachingutilized______.26.可以推斷,“英國紳士”認為好的教學是通過______來實現(xiàn)的。

A.punishmentA.懲罰

B.well-writtenbooksB.好的書

C.rewardC.獎勵

D.carefulgradingD.認真的評分

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三至五句“伊拉斯謨講述了一位英國紳士試圖不使用懲罰來教他的兒子希臘語和拉丁語的故事。他教男孩使用弓和箭,并設置希臘和拉丁字母形狀的靶子,每擊中一次獎勵一顆櫻桃。他還把從美味的餅干上剪下來的字母喂給小男孩吃?!?,從中我們可知,英國紳士是通過獎勵來教兒子,那么我們推斷,英國紳士認為好的教學是通過獎勵實現(xiàn)的,所以C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項與原文相反,英國紳士是不使用懲罰來教學的,該項屬于反向干擾;

B、D選項沒有提到,并不是英國紳士的教學手段,屬于無中生有。

27.【選項釋義】

27.TheparentheticalremarkinParagraph1(Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons)isintendedtocautioneducatorsagainst______.27.第1段的插入語Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons是為了提醒教育工作者不要______。

A.failingtomakegradesanddiplomasmeaningfultostudentsA.使得成績和文憑對學生沒有意義

B.punishingstudentsunnecessarilyB.不必要地懲罰學生

C.emphasizingentertainmentoverrigorC.強調(diào)娛樂多于嚴謹

D.usingrewardsasreinforcersD.使用獎勵作為強化物

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文中第一段第九句插入語“這意味著進步,但與進步一樣,由于其他原因,它們必須得到加強(theymustbemadereinforcing)”,而前一句是提到“某些明確的人為強化條件,如分數(shù)、成績和文憑,是教育作為一種機構(gòu)的特征”,從這可知,某些人為的強化條件對教育是有作用的,但是同樣需要reinforcing(強化);那么根據(jù)第十句“獎勵具有內(nèi)在的加強作用(Prizesareintrinsicallyreinforcing)”我們可知,這些人為強化條件可以使用獎勵作為強化物,所以D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項與原文相反,原文提到的是成績和文憑等人為強化條件對教育是有作用的,該項屬于反向干擾;

B、C選項在這沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Thispassageindicatesthat“culturesandepochs”(Paragraph1)varyinwaysthat______.28.這篇文章第1段指出,“文化和時代”在______方面不同。

A.universitieschoosefromamongtheirapplicantsA.在大學選擇申請者

B.academicawardsareeffectiveasmotivationsB.學術(shù)獎勵是有效的動機

C.universitiesteachliteratureC.大學教授文學

D.themediaportrayeducationalcrisisD.媒體描繪教育危機

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的信息定位到第一段第十一句“這一點因文化和時代的不同而不同(Thisvariesbetweenculturesandepochs)”,其中this指的是上一句提到的“榮譽和獎章的力量來自聲望和尊重”,所以我們可知,榮譽和獎章會因文化和時代的不同而變化,而榮譽和獎章都屬于一種獎勵。隨后,作者用OscarWilde舉了一個例子,他獲得了“牛津大學文學學士學位考試第一名”,于是他給朋友寫了一封信“我不知道我得到了什么,直到第二天早上12點,在教堂吃早餐時,我在《泰晤士報》上看到了我得第一名的消息……星期四那天,我收到了一大堆我認識的人發(fā)來的電報”;然后提到了當代的情況:“而當代以最優(yōu)秀成績畢業(yè)的學生(contemporarystudent)就沒那么受歡迎了(lesswidelyacclaimed)”;從中我們可知,當代和以前對于優(yōu)秀學生的獎勵方式不同。因此,我們可以推斷,獎勵作為一種動機是因“時代和文化”的不同而變化,B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

D選項中的educationalcrisis并沒有提到,文中提到的是報刊這類媒體是用來獎勵學生聲望和尊重的,該項屬于曲解原文。

29.【選項釋義】

29.TheWildestoryinParagraph1,“In1876…everyoneIknew,”isintendedtoillustrate______.29.第一段中Wilde的故事(In1876…everyoneIknew)是為了說明______。

A.howafamousauthorusedrewardstoteachhisstudentsA.一位著名作家是如何用獎勵來教育他的學生的

B.thedangerouseffectsofusingacademicrewardsB.使用學術(shù)獎勵的危險后果

C.thepointthatPlatomakesinthefirstsentenceC.柏拉圖在第一句話中提出的觀點

D.howthemodernculturalperceptionofacademichonorsdiffersfromthatofapreviouseraD.現(xiàn)代文化對學術(shù)榮譽的認知與以往有何不同

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文章第一段末尾,這里提到了Wilde的故事,他獲得了“牛津大學文學學士學位考試第一名”,他在給朋友的信中寫道:“我不知道我得到了什么,直到第二天早上12點,在教堂吃早餐時,我在《泰晤士報》上看到了我得第一名的消息……星期四那天,我收到了一大堆我認識的人發(fā)來的電報”,然后和當代進行了對比,最后一句說“而當代以最優(yōu)秀成績畢業(yè)的學生(contemporarystudent)就沒那么受歡迎了(lesswidelyacclaimed)”,從中我們可知,以前對于優(yōu)秀學生是進行登報,讓他得到很多人的尊重,而在當代,最優(yōu)秀的學生很少人知道,所以我們可以推斷,第一段使用Wilde的故事是為了對比當代與以前對學術(shù)榮譽的認知,D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項在該段沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項中的dangerouseffects不符合原文,屬于曲解原文;

C選項中,柏拉圖在第一句話的觀點是“避免強迫,讓你的孩子以玩的形式學習”,這和Wilde的故事并沒有相似處,屬于出處錯位。

30.【選項釋義】

30.Thispassagementionswhichofthefollowingas“problems”(Paragraph2)inherentintheuseofpositivereinforcersineducation?

I.difficultiesinschedulingthereinforcers

II.limitationsinthesupplyofreinforcers

III.thefactthatrewardsencourageonlysuperficiallearning

30.這篇文章提到下列哪一個是在教育中使用積極強化物所固有的“問題”(第二段)?

I.計劃強化物的困難

II.提供強化物的限制

III.獎勵只鼓勵膚淺的學習

A.IonlyA.只有第一點

B.IIonlyB.只有第二點

C.IandIIonlyC.只有第一點和第二點

D.IandIIIonlyD.只有第一點和第三點

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文章第二段,中間兩句說到“許多強化物只有在某些缺乏狀態(tài)下才有效,這并不總是容易去安排(notalwayseasilyarranged)。如果讓一個學生餓著肚子,以食物來強化他,會引發(fā)個人問題,這是其他強化物無法完全避免的(notentirelyavoidedwithotherkindsofreinforcers)?!保瑥闹锌芍?,即便是積極的強化物也并非沒有問題,許多的強化物只有在一定的狀態(tài)下才有效,并不容易去安排(notalwayseasilyarranged),而且其他強化物也很難完全避免;那么從中我們可以推知,“計劃強化物的困難”和“提供強化物的限制”都是使用積極強化物所存在的問題,故C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均曲解原文。

31.【選項釋義】

31.Inthefinalparagraphofthispassage,theauthorsuggeststhatgradesareproblematicasreinforcersbecausethey______.31.在這篇文章的最后一段,作者認為分數(shù)作為強化因素是有問題的,因為它們______。

A.cannotbegiventoeverystudentA.不能給予每個學生

B.arenotpublicizedenoughB.宣傳不夠

C.arenotgivenimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehaviorisexhibitedC.不是在期望的行為出現(xiàn)后立即給予

D.arenotasusefultothestudentasmoneyD.對學生來說沒有錢有用

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到最后一段,第二句提到“孩子們在學校里要做的很多事情都沒有游戲的形式,也沒有任何與食物、及格分數(shù)或獎牌的自然聯(lián)系(noristhereanynaturalconnectionwithfoodorapassinggradeoramedal)”,可知,孩子們在學校做的大部分事情或者學習并不是以玩的形式,也沒有獎勵,包括食物、及格分數(shù)或獎牌等;然后第四句提到“分數(shù)幾乎總是在學生不再表現(xiàn)得像個學生之后很久才給的(longafter)”,隨后用實業(yè)教育進行了對比,實業(yè)教育是“工資通常按小時計算”;從longafter和實業(yè)教育的對比,我們可以推知,分數(shù)作為強化因素有問題是因為總是在很久之后才給,故C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、B選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

D選項在文中只是做一個對比,并不是表達該項意思,屬于曲解原文。

11.單選題

Whenoneofmyroommatesbrokehislegduringabasketballgame,thedoctorattheclinicsaidthathecouldn’tcureit,sowehadtotakehimtothehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

問題1選項

A.brokehislegduring

B.attheclinic

C.couldn’tcureit

D.thehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。During改成in。during表示“在…期間“,其強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性,但brokehisleg是發(fā)生在某一特定時點的并無時間上持續(xù)性的動作。

12.填空題

Reconstructionmeansbroadlyforusreformulateandrefocusing

ontiesbetweenparticularpracticesandtheoriesofprosefictionandthefactsoflife,thatis,historical,biographical,andtextualfactsaboutauthors,readers,critics,andtheirworksandworlds.Criticalreconstructioncanevenshowhowpreviousfictionshavehelpedtocallintobesubsequentrealitiesandsubjectivities.Buttheprojectof

reconstructionmustbepluralandtextuallyspecific,ifitisnottobereductiveand,fromourlatetwentieth-centuryroller-coasterperspectivetohistory,toturnquicklyintoold-hattotalizing.Thereare

myriadwaysforcriticstoreconstructarelationshipbetweenatextandsomeaspectofreality.Letahundredbloomsflower.Thisbook,asawholeandinitsparts,featurestheinterplayoffictionsthan“therealworld,”butitexploresandexpandsideasofwhat

fictionandrealitymightbe.Indiscussionsofparticulartexts,itraises

andaddressessuchquestions,bothtimeandperennial,asthese:How

doesfictionworktorepresentandcommunicatetruthabouttheworld?Whatistheconnectionbetweenperceivedhistoricalrealityandtheformoflanguageinwhichanovelisnarrated?Howdoeswritingmediatethetensionsbetweenpublicandprivatelife,andwhatdoes

fictiontodowithformulatingtheveryconce

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