書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京工業(yè)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對話推斷John是對話中女士的男友。

2.單選題

Humansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkably（）solutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.

問題1選項

A.identical

B.diverse

C.varied

D.similar

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項identical“完全相同的”；B選項diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；C選項varied“各式各樣的”；D選項similar“相似的”。句意：人類社會都會面臨同樣的生存問題，但都能找到非常相似的解決方案，只是在表面的細節(jié)上有所不同。選項D符合語境。

3.單選題

Yourstayabroadwillgiveyou（）opportunitiestolearnanewforeignlanguage.

問題1選項

A.ample

B.sample

C.vertical

D.empirical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ample“豐富的，足夠的”；B選項sample“試樣的”；C選項vertical“垂直的”；D選項empirical“經(jīng)驗主義的”。句意：你待在國外將給你提供……機會學習新語言。學習一門語言最快的方式就是融入一個純語言的環(huán)境。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息stayabroad“待在國外”和后面的tolearnanewforeignlanguage“學習一門新語言”，在國外待著意為著會有更多的機會進行學習和練習語言。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thecompany（

）ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

問題1選項

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromised

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。forages時間狀語，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示現(xiàn)在以前的這一段時間里一直在做的事情。選項B符合題意。

5.寫作題

Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（

）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

問題1選項

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.diverted

D.redeemed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項的supplement“增補，補充”；B選項的undermine“漸漸破壞，授掘地基”；C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；D選項的redeem“履行，補償，贖回”。根據(jù)句意‘不幸的是，他對這個經(jīng)濟政策后果的致命攻擊被破壞了，因為他完全接受了這個政策暗含的假設(shè)’確定B選項正確。

7.翻譯題

Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.

【答案】我認為，從生物學的角度來看，人生就像一首詩。它有自己的韻律和節(jié)奏，自有內(nèi)在的生長與衰亡周期。它開始于天真的童年，緊隨其后的是稚拙的青春期，帶著年輕的激情和愚笨，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后來人到壯年，經(jīng)歷漸廣，閱人漸多，涉世漸深；乃至中年，節(jié)奏漸緩，個性沉淀如熟果，如美酒，更具容忍之心，愈發(fā)憤世嫉俗，卻待人生愈發(fā)溫和；再后來到暮年時，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)活動減少，如果我們已經(jīng)悟得老年真諦，且據(jù)此安頓殘年，則生活將平和、寧靜、安詳且美滿；最后生命之光搖曳而逝，人開始永恒的長眠，不再醒來。人應(yīng)能感受這種生命韻律之美，就如欣賞交響樂一樣，欣賞其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒緩的尾聲。生命的樂章大同小異，但每個人應(yīng)譜寫出自己獨有的樂曲。

8.單選題

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou（

）youwillsucceedintheend.

問題1選項

A.hangup

B.hangabout

C.hangon

D.hangonto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hangup意為“懸掛，掛斷（電話）”；hangabout意為“閑逛”；hangon意為“堅持下去”；hangonto意為“緊緊抓住，不放棄，依附”。

句意：學好英語不是一件容易的事，但如果你堅持下去，你最終會成功的。

9.單選題

Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.

問題1選項

A.tobedebated

B.todebate

C.debated

D.thatitwillbedebated

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意：明天要討論的問題是是否應(yīng)該提高所得稅。根據(jù)question被debate確定用被動語態(tài)，不定式表目的可以用作定語成分，A選項tobedebated正確。D選項thatitwillbedebated中it作從句主語多余。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

______thatasbothbirdsandmammalsbecomelarger,theirmetabolicratesperunitoftissuedecrease,andtheygenerallylivelonger.

問題1選項

A.Thetruth

B.Itistrue

C.Iftrue

D.Tobetrue

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的確，隨著鳥類和哺乳動物的體型變大，它們每單位組織的代謝率會下降，它們通常會活得更長。Itis/was+adj.+that是強調(diào)句型，It作形式主語，真正主語是that后面的內(nèi)容，B選項Itistrue符合題意。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

問題1選項

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服；confirm“確認，證實”，一般指通過提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物（絕對）正確；submit“服從，提交”，一般指放棄抵抗，愿意服從對方；conform“符合，遵守”，側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動和思考。句意：他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”，所以選項D最恰當。

12.單選題

Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.defy

C.replicate

D.inform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevent“預防，防止；阻止；妨礙，阻止”；B選項defy“藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；使落空”；C選項replicate“復制；折疊；重復；折轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項inform“通知；告訴；報告；告發(fā)；告密”。句意：就像作者關(guān)于鰻魚的書經(jīng)常是海洋脊椎動物學課程的關(guān)鍵文本一樣，他們關(guān)于動物發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的觀點也影響著這一領(lǐng)域的教學。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Theplantsareina(n)（）plasticbox,sothechildrencanobservehowtherootsgrowwithtime.

問題1選項

A.appropriate

B.intricate

C.transparent

D.waterproof

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項appropriate“合適的，適當?shù)摹?；B選項intricate“復雜的，錯綜的”；C選項transparent“透明的，顯然的”；D選項waterproof“防水的”。句意：這些植物被放在一個（）的塑料盒子里，這樣孩子們就可以觀察它們的根是怎么隨著時間的推移生長的。通過后半句的“孩子可以觀察它的生長”可以得出，這個盒子應(yīng)該是“透明的”才能便于孩子觀察，因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Abroadcastingstationwillsometimes（）toitslistenersaprogrammewhichithasreceivedfromanotherstation.

問題1選項

A.rely

B.relay

C.relate

D.reside

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。rely“依靠”；relay“轉(zhuǎn)播”；relate“聯(lián)系”；reside“居住，留守”。句意:有時候一個廣播電臺會將其所收到的其他電臺的節(jié)目轉(zhuǎn)播給聽眾。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

問題1選項

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。attempt“企圖，試圖”；approach“走進；臨近；處理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：當他離終點只有10米遠的時候，這位非洲跑步者加速超過了其他人。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問題1選項

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用，欺騙；centeron集中，以……為中心；overtook趕上，代替，不與on搭配；concentrateon專注于……。句意：霍金拒絕了他的醫(yī)生父親學習醫(yī)學的要求，選擇專注于數(shù)學和理論物理。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

問題1選項

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mighty表示“有力的，強有力的”；A項greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”，B項powerful“有力的”，C項stern“嚴厲的，堅定的”，D項hasty“輕率的，匆忙的”。句意：這些古老的廢墟是一個強大的國王僅存的記憶。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項正確。

18.單選題

Pioneermenandwomenenduredterriblehardships,and（）.

問題1選項

A.neitherdidthechildren

B.sodotheirchildren

C.alsothechildren

D.sodidtheirchildren

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。前面一句是過去式的肯定句，后面用so提前進行倒裝，選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour（

）job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.

問題1選項

A.current

B.contemporary

C.occasional

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current意為“目前的，當前的，現(xiàn)在的”；contemporary意為“當代的，現(xiàn)代的”；occasional意為“偶爾的，不經(jīng)常的”；universal意為“普遍的，一般的”。

句意：當被問到你對當前工作的看法時，你決不能消極。

20.單選題

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce（

）.

問題1選項

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。分析句子成分可知空格處所填成分為定語，when引導時間狀語從句。句意：瓦倫斯坦的研究表明，即使過了十年，年輕男女仍然會受到父母離婚的影響，這些離婚是在他們還是孩子時發(fā)生的。B項符合題意。

21.單選題

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

問題1選項

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A、C、D選項均表示“在工作中”；B選項intheworks“正在準備階段；在進行中或準備中”。句意：總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財務(wù)長邁克?迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次會議上表示，正在醞釀一項舉措。inthepipeline“在運輸中；在進行中；在準備中”。B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

22.單選題

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

問題1選項

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。confiscate意為“沒收”；offset意為“抵消”；submit意為“順從”；intensity意為“加強，增強”。

句意：有人擔心警察利用法律從輕微犯罪分子那里沒收財產(chǎn)。

23.單選題

An（）ofthemoonhasrevealednoevidenceoflife.

問題1選項

A.exploration

B.explanation

C.interview

D.invasion

【答案】A

【解析】句意:月球勘探已經(jīng)表明月球無生命跡象。

考查名詞辨析。exploration探索，勘探，探測；explanation解釋；interview面試；invasion侵入。因此A項符合句意。

24.單選題

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（）.

問題1選項

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier?

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tragedy“悲劇，慘案”；vacuum“真空，空間”；question“問題，疑問”；barrier“障礙”。句意：眼神交流是很重要的，因為錯誤的交流會導致交流障礙。D項符合題意。

25.翻譯題

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.

【答案】

繁榮傳播開來的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會擴大，以及進行有利可圖的交流的機會增多。美國的崛起就曾為英國帶來此類益處。此外，同樣有價值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國在政治上會更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢是對稀缺資源的激烈競爭。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國的資源增多，那B國的能源就會減少。資源也是有限的。

26.單選題

Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.

問題1選項

A.tuned

B.turned

C.tied

D.wound

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項tuned“（為樂器）調(diào)音，校音”；B選項turned“（使）轉(zhuǎn)動，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項tied“（用線、繩等）系，拴”；D選項wound“使（身體）受傷，（用武器）傷害”。句意：彼得昨天請人給鋼琴______，結(jié)果很好。根據(jù)語境，這里A選項tuned“（為樂器）調(diào)音”搭配鋼琴比較合理，意思是請人給鋼琴調(diào)音以后，鋼琴彈出來的效果就很好了，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

27.單選題

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問題1選項

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

28.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標志。”可知，作者認為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項“苗條被認為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團體中，財富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風險息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風險可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實際上會很危險?！笨芍髡咛岢龇逝?、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實際上是危險的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮。”確定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷，B選項正確。

29.單選題

AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.Criticismthatrestrictsitselftoideologymissesthebasicreasonthewriterisworthreadinginthefirstplace.HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage.Shewasatpainstodistinguishherselffromotherwriterswithclearlydefinedsocialandpoliticalagendas.Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”

Hurston’ssavingdistinctionwasherexquisitelysensitiveear.Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround3’).Butwhenshedeployedcolloquialspeechandcelebrateditsabilitytomovebeyondmeredenotation,shewasaspectacularwriter,andthefarthestthingfromaflagwaver.When,forinstance,shedescribesaspeedingtrain,sheusesawordthatperfectlyconveysthesoundofthewheelsclickingoverthetrackjoints:it“schickalacked”overtherails.

Hurstonwasabrillianttranscriberofcolloquiallanguageandtelleroffolktales,butthesewereonlypartofherachievement.Whenwritinginherownvoice,sherenderstheworldinphrasesthatarepalpableandwonderfullyimmediate.Thisisawriterwhounderstoodthatspontaneousimage-makingisthemarkofalivinglanguage,thatasharedlanguageistheonlyconduitwehaveintotheinteriorlivesofotherpeople.

Hurston’srealsubject,andthisisthereasonherworkwillabide,wastheuniversaldisjunctionbetweenthelimitlesshumanimaginationandtheconstrictionswithinwhichallhumanbeingslive.ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame.Hurstonrejectedalltheconventionalcategories-race,class,gender-bywhichsomeofherlatestcriticsorganizeexperience.“Myinterestliesinwhatmakesamanorwomandosuch-and-so,regardlessof…color.”

1.Thepassageprimarilyconveystheauthor’s（

）.

2.Inline2,“temper”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Hurstoncriticize“somewriters”(lines6-8)for

（

）.

4.Thesentencebeginning“shewassometimes...”(lines9-11)servesprimarilyto

（

）.

5.Intheunderlinedlines22-23(“she...blame”)，theauthormostdirectlyimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.enthusiasmaboutHurston’ssocialactivism

B.amusementatthosewhomisunderstandHurston’sviews

C.skepticismaboutHuston’spermanenceasaliteraryicon

D.appreciationforHurston’sliterarytalents

問題2選項

A.courage

B.composure

C.mood

D.resiliency

問題3選項

A.relyingontheappealofpopularthemes

B.abandoningtheirwritingwhentheyencounterdifficultiesingettingpublished

C.shirkingpatrioticdutiesduringtimesofpersonalhardship

D.beingunwillingtowritewhatthepublicmostwantstoread

問題4選項

A.noteanexceptiontotheclaimmadeintheprevioussentence

B.provideanexampleofHurston'seffectiveuseofpoeticlanguage

C.emphasizetheauthor’scentralargumentaboutHurston’sstyle

D.revealalittle-knownaccomplishmentofHurston’s

問題5選項

A.thecharactersinHurston'sfictionwereoftenmorecontroversialthattheirreal-lifecounterparts

B.toomuchshouldnotbemadeofHurston'schoiceofwhomtowriteabout

C.Hurstonfeltcompelledtoapologizeforwritingaboutwhatwasmostinterestingtoher

D.Hurston’speerscouldnotidentifywithhercharacters

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考察作者意圖。文章第一段第三句HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage提到Hurston成為美國經(jīng)典不是因為她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者對Hurston的文學才能是表示贊賞的，選項D符合題意。

2.考察詞義。文章第一段第一句AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.提到Hurston的文學命運隨著時代的“脾氣”不斷的起伏。選項C中的mood與之相近，符合題意。

3.考察細節(jié)事實。文章第一段Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”提到Hurston認為有些作家寫的內(nèi)容都是陳詞濫調(diào)，過分迎合大眾的口味，沒有新意。選項A符合題意。

4.考察判斷推理。文章第二段第二句Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround)提到了Hurston的寫作風格，喜歡用暗喻的手法，選項C符合題意。

5.考察判斷推理。文章最后一段第二句話ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通過描寫美國南部黑人婦女的生活來例證這一主題，而這本身既不值得贊揚，也不應(yīng)該受到指責。由此可知作者認為沒有必要將注意力過多放在Hurston寫的人物身上。選項B符合題意。

30.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incredible“難以置信的”；B選項inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C選項incredulous“懷疑的、不輕信的”；D選項indifferent“冷漠的、不關(guān)心的”，句意為：當他聽到這個意外的消息時，他覺得不可思議，但我最終說服了他。A選項符合句意，因此選A。

31.單選題

His（）thighswerebarelystrongenoughtosupporttheweightofhisbody.

問題1選項

A.inanimate

B.rustic

C.malleable

D.shrunken

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。inanimate“死氣沉沉的，無生氣的，單調(diào)的”；rustic“鄉(xiāng)村的”；malleable“有延展性的，可鍛的，可塑的”；shrunken“縮小的”。句意：他那毫無生氣的大腿還不足以強壯到支撐他的身體。選項A符合題意。

32.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔這份工作是因為他擁有的工作經(jīng)驗最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項“隨意地”符合句意。

33.單選題

PopularintheUKaretheolderruinsatthecastle’sedge,knownas“theabbey”:Twosmallcells,（）withivy,crumblingandopentothesky.

問題1選項

A.strewn

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.crammed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項strewn“撒滿的，散播的”；B選項loaded“載著重物的”；C選項permeated“彌漫的，遍布的”，多指氣味彌漫或液體滲透；D選項crammed“擠滿的”。句意：在英國很受歡迎的是城堡邊緣的古老廢墟，被稱為“修道院”：兩個小隔間，散布著常春藤，搖搖欲墜，朝向天空。選項A符合句意。

34.單選題

Although（wornout）byyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonreluctantlyacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.favored

B.exhausted

C.honored

D.weakened

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。wornout表示“筋疲力盡，疲憊不堪”；A項favor“較喜歡，偏袒，有利于”，B項exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡”，C項honor“尊敬”，D項weaken“減少，使變?nèi)酰棺兊?。句意：盡管由于多年為國家服務(wù)而疲憊不堪，華盛頓還是不情愿地接受了美國總統(tǒng)的職位。因此，根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

35.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(膽怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

問題1選項

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項

A.thecompu