書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三峽大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

騰訊新聞制作的一段視頻刻畫了中國人職場焦慮的根源：財務(wù)煩惱，人際關(guān)系，還有沒完沒了的加班。這段視頻包括了中國職場壓力的事實和數(shù)據(jù)，但聚焦的卻是個體的故事：一個認為自己永遠也買不起房子的26歲青年和一個夢想移民的下級白領(lǐng)。中國越來越把自己的焦慮和夢想當成個人的事情，而不是集體的問題。

文章認為，隨著中國增長放緩，民族復(fù)興——用官方的話來說就是中國夢——與普通中國人的希望和恐懼發(fā)生沖突，導(dǎo)致進一步的認知失調(diào)。國家媒體和政府機構(gòu)繼續(xù)關(guān)注官方取得的成就和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等正面消息，大多數(shù)中國人卻越來越關(guān)心食品安全、商品質(zhì)量和醫(yī)藥安全等問題。

【答案】ApieceofvideoproducedbyTencentNewsportraystherootofworkplaceanxietyinChina,namely,financialworries,interpersonalrelationship,andendlessoverwork.ThisvideocontainsthefactanddataofworkplacestressinChina,butfocusesonindividual’sstory:a26-year-oldyoungmanwhothinkshecannotaffordahouse,andasubordinatewhite-collarwhohasdreams.Chinaisincreasinglytakingitsanxietyanddreamasanindividualmatter,notacollectiveone.

Thispaperbelievesthatasthegrowthslows,nationalrejuvenation,officiallynamedChinesedreamconflictswiththepublic’shopeandfear,whichwillleadtofurthercognitivedissonance.Thestatemediaandgovernmentagencieskeepfocusingonofficial’sachievements,economicdevelopmentandotherpositivenews,whilemostChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontofoodsafety,goodsqualityandmedicalsafetyandsoon.

2.翻譯題

剽竊包括但不限于以下形式：為了完成學(xué)業(yè)所需要的論文，全部或部分抄襲他人的文章，不提原作者的名字；不經(jīng)消化，也不顧是否符合自己的語言和風(fēng)格，生搬硬套引用他人著作中的思想，同樣是不提出處；巧妙地改寫他人著作的某個章節(jié)，誤導(dǎo)讀者，偽裝成自己的作品；未經(jīng)任課老師同意，將同一篇論文用于多門課程；未經(jīng)同意或授權(quán)，獲取或使用同伴或他人的實際數(shù)據(jù)；更有甚者，為了驗證所期待的實際結(jié)果，偽造或篡改實際數(shù)據(jù)。

【答案】Plagiarismincludesbutisnotlimitedtothefollowingforms:inordertofinishingtheacademic-neededpaper,inpartorinwholecopingothersthesiswithoutmentioningtheauthor’sname;regardlessofthelanguageandstyle,mechanicallycitingtheideaofotherpeople’spapersnotreferringtothesource;cleverlyadaptingthechapterofother’swritingtopassitastheirownanddeceivereaders;usingthesamepaperformorethanonecoursewithouttheadmissionoftheteacher;withoutconsentorauthorizing,acquiringorusingthecompanionother’sfactualdate;moreover,forgingortemperingthedatetoverifyingtheexpectedresult.

3.單選題

TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.

Thestreams,lakes,meadows,mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitatsareendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment,theNatureConservancynamedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”.

Operatingoutofacentuiy-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sBudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.ByforgingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.

Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.

CookattributestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents.

“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequietforests,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.”

FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelpTheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatPlaces”，pleasecall1-888-5646864.OrvisitusontheWorldWideW

1.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”isto（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethat（）.

3.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?

4.WhatdoesBudCookmeanby“havingalocalpresence”(Line1，Para*5)?

問題1選項

A.gainsupportfromthelocalcommunity

B.protectitfromirresponsibledevelopment

C.makeitabetterhomeforblackbears

D.providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerations

問題2選項

A.thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing

B.wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidly

C.thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatened

D.farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfast

問題3選項

A.Thesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsite.

B.SupportfromorganizationsliketheNatureConservancy.

C.Cooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders.

D.Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram.

問題4選項

A.Financialcontributionsfromlocalbusinessleaders.

B.Considerationoftheinterestsofthelocalresidents.

C.Theestablishmentofawildlifeprotectionfoundationinthearea.

D.ThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment…”，主要目的使保護自然美景，選項B符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，因為溪流、山脊等一些自然風(fēng)貌吸引了很多人來到這里，推測人口是不斷增加的。選項A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”文中提到了與當社區(qū)合作。選項C符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)上下文語境，BudCook認為大自然保護協(xié)會的成功離不開“havingalocalpresence”，在第四段也提及了農(nóng)民受到了協(xié)會的支持，所以havingalocalpresence應(yīng)該是指一個組織或機構(gòu)，選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Alltheinvestorsinstocksmustbe（）totherisksinsuchinvestment.

問題1選項

A.realistic

B.alert

C.accessible

D.awake

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。realistic“現(xiàn)實的”；alert“警覺的”；accessible“易接近的”；awake“醒著的”。句意：所有股票投資者都必須當心這種投資的風(fēng)險。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Hedecidedtogoaheadwithhisproject______whatotherpeoplesaid.

問題1選項

A.regarding

B.regardlessof

C.regardless

D.regardingof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A項regarding“關(guān)于，至于”，B項regardlessof“不管，不顧”，C項regardless“不管的”，D項regardingof“關(guān)于”。句意：不論其他人怎么說，他都決定繼續(xù)完成他的計劃。根據(jù)句意，正確答案為B。

6.單選題

問題1選項

A.cereal

B.serial

C.series

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。句意:我們正生活在一個很大的化學(xué)實驗中，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些嚴重的后果正變得越來越明顯。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Mymotherwouldratherputhonestyfirstinher（

）ofvalues,whichisimportantforourgrowth.

問題1選項

A.inventory

B.hierarchy

C.observation

D.identification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。inventory“存貨”；hierarchy“層級，等級”；observation“觀察”；identification“識別，鑒別”。句意為：我的母親寧可將誠實放在其價值觀體系的首位，這對于我們的成長很重要。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Hequickly（

）alargefortune.

問題1選項

A.accumulated

B.compiled

C.accompanied

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很快積累了一大筆財富。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。Accumulate積累,増加,聚集;compile編寫(書、列表、報告等),編纂,編譯;accompany陪伴,伴隨…發(fā)生;accommodate提供住宿,使…適應(yīng)。因此A符合句意。

9.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項absorption“吸收，全神貫注，專心致志”，B項dissemination“宣傳，散播，傳染（病毒）”，C項assimilation“同化，吸收”，D項interaction“相互作用，相互影響，交流”。根據(jù)watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit“水從它附近的所有物質(zhì)中吸收熱量”可知，absorption符合語境。句意：水在從固體變成液體的過程中，會從周圍所有物質(zhì)吸收熱量，而這種吸收會在周圍產(chǎn)生人造的寒冷。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

10.填空題

Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadapassageandasummaryofit.Thenfillinthespacesinthesummarywithamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersOntheAnswerSheet.

ToughSensorCanTaketheHeatAnewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater,accordingtoitsinventorsatArgonneNationalLaboratoryinIllinois.Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.

Conventionalsiliconsensorsdonotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°F.ButArgonne’snewsensor,madeofceramicsandmetals,isnotaffectedbyhightemperatures.“Thematerialsinthissensorbehavewellthroughawiderangeoftemperatures.”saysMichaelVogt,acontrolsystemsengineeratArgonne.

Vogtandhiscolleaguesmadethesensorbyfilm-screeninglayersofceramicandmetalonaceramicsubstrate—thenfiringthesensorinanindustrialovenatmorethanl000°C.TheArgonneresearcherssetouttobuildasensorthatwoulddetectoverheatingcomputercomponents.Beforeanoverheatingcomponentfails,andpossiblyignites,epoxyinthecircuitboardsreleasesagas.TheArgonnesensorcandetectthisvaporandcutoffpowertothecircuit.

Thedevicesensesgasesbyapplyingasteadilyincreasingvoltageacrossitselectricalleadsandmonitoringcurrentspikesinducedasgasesreactonthesensor’ssurface.Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.

Thesensorcouldbeusedtomonitorhydrocarbonemissionsfromcars;today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen.Thesensorcouldalsomonitorgasesinindustrialchemicalprocesses.

Summaryofthepassage:

Anewsensormadeofceramicsandmetalscanendurecorrosion,vibrations,exposuretowater,and66__,whilenotaffectedby67__.Aseachgasreactsata68__,thedeviceappliesasteadilyincreasingvoltageandmonitorscurrentspikesinduced.69ofwhichindicatestheconcentrationofthegases.Conventionalsensorsontheotherhand,donotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°Fandcouldbeusedonlyto70__.

【答案】66.detectgases

67.hightemperatures

68.characteristicvoltage

69.the“signature”

70.measureoxygen

【解析】66.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），其他幾個在摘要提到了，所以這里需要寫的是偵察氣體。因此填detectgases。

67.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel'sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），上一空已經(jīng)提到了偵察氣體，所以這一空應(yīng)該填入抗高溫，因為前面有否定詞not，所以空格處填入hightemperatures。

68.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage（每種氣體在一個特征電壓下反應(yīng)）可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入characteristicvoltage。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.（每種氣體在一個特征電壓下反應(yīng)，而脈沖的大小表明了幾種代表性有機溶劑的“特征”）可知，脈沖的不同特征暗示了不同氣體，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入the“signature”。

70.根據(jù)最后一段第一句today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen（今天的典型傳感器只測量氧氣）可知，傳統(tǒng)的傳感器在150°F以上的溫度下不能很好地工作，只能用于測量氧氣；所以空格處應(yīng)該填入measureoxygen。

11.單選題

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complicated"復(fù)雜的,難懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集體的,共同的"。句意：發(fā)展中國家髙技術(shù)人才的外流,將會嚴重影響這些國家尖端工業(yè)的發(fā)展。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedthe（）againstthespreadingofnucleararms.

問題1選項

A.contract

B.petition

C.supplication

D.potential

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。contract合同，契約；petition請愿書，指許多人簽名的向當權(quán)者提出某種要求；supplication祈愿，祈求，懇求；potential潛力，潛勢。句意:好多老年人簽訂反對核武器的擴散。故B項符合句意。

13.單選題

Inthemovieheplaysalovingand（）fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.

問題1選項

A.sensitive

B.senseless

C.sensual

D.sensuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，無知的”；sensual“感覺的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感覺上的，感官的”。句意：在電影中他扮演了一個有愛而又敏感的父親，他要獨自一人撫養(yǎng)兩個孩子。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Duringourexploration,wediscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewnessandbreadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesand______.

問題1選項

A.breaches

B.premises

C.ruts

D.predilections

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項breach“違背，違反，缺口”，B項premise“前提，假定”，C項rut“發(fā)情期，慣例，性沖動”，D項predilection“偏愛，嗜好”。根據(jù)句子可知空格處填入的詞和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四個選項中只有predilection符合語境。句意：在我們的探索過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們會利用信息市場的新穎性和廣度來支持他們的愿望和偏好。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

15.單選題

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

問題2選項

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.?

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年級。我在學(xué)校的成績很糟糕，問題是，我還并不在意……我們每天晚上看電視?！笨芍x項D符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和媽媽住在底特律一個昏暗的多戶人家共同居住的房子里?！笨芍髡呒揖巢⒉缓?，故答案選B。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第二三段描述了作者的母親回到家關(guān)上電視要讓他們開始讀書，每周讀兩本并寫報告，家里沒書就開車送他們?nèi)D書館等等，由此可知母親是下定決心讓兒子們讀書，因此答案選B。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有兩個壞脾氣的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奧茲莫比爾汽車上，在去底特律公共圖書館的路上?！笨芍麄儾磺樵溉D書館，故答案選B。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.當時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這段經(jīng)歷和看電視完全不同。在我的腦海里形成了一些圖像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻過一頁，一次又一次地回到他們身邊?！笨芍髡邜凵献x書是因為書能給他全新的感受，讓他浮想聯(lián)翩，而不是因為他能反復(fù)地讀這些書，因此答案選B。

16.單選題

Ittookusonlyafewhoursto______thepaperoffallfourwalls.

問題1選項

A.shear

B.stroke

C.scrape

D.chip

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項shear“剪”，shearoff表示“剪斷，切掉”；B項stroke“劃，輕撫”；C項scrape“刮掉，擦傷”，scrapeoff表示“刮掉，擦去”；D項chip“鏟，鑿”，chipoff表示“切下，削去”。根據(jù)后面部分句子thepaperoffallfourwalls“四面墻上的紙”可知，C選項最符合語境。句意：我們只用了幾個小時就把四面墻上的紙刮掉了。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

17.單選題

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears—isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchangingthesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.

Ifapainting"stops",time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.Iamthinkingoftheimagewithintheframe,thescenewhichisdepicted.Clearlyifoneconsidersanartist'slife-workorthehistoryofart,oneistreatingpaintingsasbeing,partly,recordsofthepast,evidenceofwhathasbeen.Yetthishistoricalview,whetherusedwithinaMarxistoridealisttradition,haspreventedmostartexpertsfromconsidering—orevennoticing―theproblemofhowtimeexists(ordoesnot)withinpainting.

InearlyRenaissanceart,inpaintingsfromnon-Europeancultures,incertainmodemworks,theimageimpliesapassageoftime.Lookingatit,thespectatorseesbefore,duringandafter.TheChinesesagetakesawalkfromonetreetoanother,thecarriagerunsoverthechild,thenudedescendsthestaircase.Andthisofcoursehasbeenanalyzedandcommentedupon.Yettheensuingimageisstillstaticwhilstreferringtothedynamicworldbeyonditsedges,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.Strangebecauseitisbothsoflagrantandsotakenforgranted.

Paintersthemselvespractiseapartialanswer,evenifitremainsunformulatedinwords.Whenisapaintingfinished?Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—likethesecondshoeofapair—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.ThelongorshortprocessofpaintingapictureistheprocessofconstructingthefuturemomentswhenitwillbelookedatInreality,despitethepainter'sideal,thesemomentscannotbeentirelydetermined.Theycanneverbeentirelyfilledbythepainting.Neverthelessthepaintingisentirelyaddressedtothesemoments.

Whetherthepainterisahackoramastermakesnodifferencetothe"address"ofthepainting.Thedifferenceisinwhatapaintingdelivers;inhowcloselythemomentofitsbeinglookedat,asforeseenbythepainter,correspondstotheinterestsoftheactualmomentsofitsbeinglookedatlaterbyotherpeople,whenthecircumstancessurroundingitsproduction(patronage,fashion,ideology)havechanged.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

2.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthelastlineofthe4thparagraphreferto?

3.Whenisapaintingfinishedaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat().

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe().

問題1選項

A.Aspecificmomentispreservedthetimeapaintingiscreated.

B.Thecontentofapaintingremainsstaticthoughitsimplicationmaykeepchanging.

C.Apaintingstopstimeinthatitdepictsamomentofthepastandfixesitwithintheframe.

D.AMarxistviewtendstoseeapaintingaschangingallthetime.

問題2選項

A.Theensuingimage.

B.Theproblem.

C.Themeaningofthecontrast

D.Thecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.

問題3選項

A.Whenitrealisticallydepictssomethingintherealworld.

B.Whentheartistforeseeshowhispaintingwillbereceivedbythepublic.

C.Whenthemomentofitsbeinglookedatcorrespondstotheartist’sexpectationofhowit'sgoingtobelookedat.

D.Whentheartistcandeterminethemomentwhenitwillbelookedat.

問題4選項

A.imagesinsomeRenaissancepaintingsmayhotnecessarilybestatic

B.paintingsbyahackorbyamasterarethesameinthattheyaddressthesamepeople

C.whetherapaintingisstaticordynamicisdeterminednotbythepainterbutbythosewholookatit

D.unlikeapainting,aphotographcanpreserveamoment

問題5選項

A.PaintingandTime

B.PaintersandTheirWorks

C.TheStaticandtheDynamic

D.TheHistoryofPaintingasaFormofArt

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchanging.”選項B一幅畫的內(nèi)容保持不變,盡管它的含義可能不斷變化,正確。

2.根據(jù)上一句“...,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.”這就產(chǎn)生了一個問題：靜態(tài)和動態(tài)之間的這種奇怪對比究竟是什么意思。所以正確答案為D。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第三句“Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—...—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.”選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文可推斷出選項C正確,一幅畫是靜態(tài)的還是動態(tài)的不是由畫家決定的,而是由觀看者決定的。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知選項D更符合原文。選項A,B,C都只是其中的一部分。

18.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwithaneye（

）buildingaschoolforchildreninthevillage.

問題1選項

A.to

B.of

C.at

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配withaneyeto“著眼于，考慮到”。句意：他們考慮為這個村子的小孩修建一所學(xué)校而買了這塊地。答案A

19.單選題

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

問題1選項

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fluctuate“波動，動搖”；B選項vibrate“振動；顫動；搖擺”；C選項plummet“墜落，掉下”；D選項mutate“突變”。填入動詞過去式做謂語，其主語是theaircraft，由關(guān)鍵信息thedamagedengine“損壞的發(fā)動機”可知plummet“墜落，掉下”符合題意，句意為：因為發(fā)動機損壞，飛機起飛后5分鐘就降落到地面上。故答案選C。

20.單選題

Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.

問題1選項

A.cancel

B.eliminate

C.delay

D.prolong

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。cancel“取消,撤銷”;eliminate“消除,排除”;delay“延期,耽擱”;prolong“延長,拖延”。句意:他們原計劃這個周末去郊游,但由于下雨,最后不得不取消了。選項A符合句意。

21.單選題

_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.

問題1選項

A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen

B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular

C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite

D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，一般將形容詞，名詞等提前，使用部分倒裝。A、B、C選項語序錯誤。D選項符合部分倒裝形式，將表語提前。因此，本題正確答案為D項。句意：盡管白色禮服在過去并不流行，但是現(xiàn)在卻是最為流行的婚紗顏色。

22.單選題

Wheneveracamerawaspointedather,Marilynwouldinstantly（）herselfintoaradiantstar.

問題1選項

A.transport

B.transfer

C.transform

D.transgress

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似動詞詞義辨析。transport“運輸”；transfer“使轉(zhuǎn)移”；transform“改變，使轉(zhuǎn)換”；transgress“違法，侵犯”。句意：無論何時只要攝影機對著她，Marilyn會立刻變成璀璨的明星。選項C符合題意。

23.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最終取決于研究者的思維和選擇，定性研究一般受到研究者主體性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人員以學(xué)生身份和教師身份參與博士項目的主觀性和潛在偏見問題。

與此相關(guān)的一個限制是，受訪者可能難以適應(yīng)研究人員扮演采訪者的角色，麥克斯韋將這種現(xiàn)象稱為參與者反應(yīng)。

他們可能過于努力地與研究人員合作，向她提供他們認為她正在尋找的答案，或者他們認為可能對她有幫助的答案。

為了減少數(shù)據(jù)分析過程中潛在偏見的限制，研究者刪除了所有參與者的姓名，盲目地對所有訪談記錄進行編碼，不將任何材料或數(shù)據(jù)與任何特定的個體相關(guān)聯(lián)。

24.單選題

Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.OnthewayhomefromdiscoveringAmerica,ChristopherColumbusgotcaughtinastormandhismindturned—asagoodbourgeo