書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thediseasewaskeptundercontrol（）earlydiagnosisandtreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forvirtueof

B.onvirtuewith

C.byvirtueof

D.invirtuewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)byvirtueof是固定搭配，表示“由于，憑借”。句意：由于早期診斷和治療，這個(gè)疾病得到了控制。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.問答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.

ThefounderofanothermajorChineseonlineretailingplatformoncestatedtothemedia,saying,“Ithasalreadybecomeacommonpracticeforbusinessownerstoplacefakeordersononlineretailingplatforms,sinceboththeseplatformsandconsumersarewillingtorankabrandbasedonitssales.”

“Sincesomeonlineretailingplatformswouldlowerthepriceagreatdealtocompetewithotherplatformsinthepricebattle,wewouldevenbuybacktheproductsweprovidedtotheseplatformswithalowerpriceandthensoldthemwitharegularpriceontraditionalsaleschannels,”aseniorsalespersonnelofatraditionalbrandoncesuggested,“Wearealmostforcedtoplacefakeorderssincemanyconsumersprefertobuyproductswithhighersales.”

Nevertheless,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.Foronething,theyhadtospendmuchmoneyinplacingfakeordersandpromotingthemselves;foranother,theyhadtolowerthepricealotandmakeprofitmerelybylargesales,whichcouldbehighlyriskywhenthehighreturnratesistakenintoconsideration.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)WhycannotwebetotallyoptimisticabouttheenormouslyhugesalesvolumeofAlibaba’sSingles’Dayshoppingfestival?(10points)

2)HowdoestheSingles’Dayshoppingspreeinfluenceconsumersandbusinessowners?(10points)

【答案】1)Therearetworeasonscanbelisted.ThefirstoneisthatSingles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.Thesecondreasonisthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.

2)Singles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumer’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.Atthesametime,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.

3.單選題

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用。A選項(xiàng)could表示過去的時(shí)間會(huì)做某事；B選項(xiàng)must表示必須做某事，C選項(xiàng)mayhavedone表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生動(dòng)作的猜測(cè)，D選項(xiàng)shouldhavedone表示本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。句意：我們已經(jīng)一個(gè)多星期沒見到鄰居了。他們可能去國(guó)外旅行了。本句表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的猜測(cè)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S..Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered—surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.

2.RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.

3.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefield

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefield

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseas

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefield

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeons

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreen

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentangles

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnified

D.heiswearing3-Dglasses

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewounded

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequickly

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedious

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.據(jù)理查德?薩塔瓦（RichardSatava）稱，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用____。

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldA.將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldB.可以讓戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵振作起來

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldC.將大大改善戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療條件

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldD.可以縮短戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第一句“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們就能在每條戰(zhàn)壕里安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！币约暗谌巫詈笠痪洹搬t(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)?！笨芍摂M現(xiàn)實(shí)可以運(yùn)用到戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上去，由此可推斷這將提高戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療水平。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上”，文中第三段提到“這些電腦將把士兵的圖像傳送給美國(guó)的外科醫(yī)生。外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵”也就是說醫(yī)生們并不是親自出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的，而是通過電腦進(jìn)行操作。該選項(xiàng)意思與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵振作起來”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“可以縮短戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想____。

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasA.使用遠(yuǎn)程控制技術(shù)治療在海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldB.在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsC.受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseasD.在海外設(shè)立移動(dòng)外科單位

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“他設(shè)想了這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代：在海外作戰(zhàn)中受傷的士兵被安置在配備了電腦的移動(dòng)外科病房里?！迸鋫潆娔X也就是指的遠(yuǎn)程治療，由此可知他設(shè)想用遠(yuǎn)程治療技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景”，文中第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕。醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)?！币簿褪钦f是戴著頭盔的醫(yī)生引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人做手術(shù)，而不是醫(yī)生本人做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)”，文中提到“醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)。”也就是說是機(jī)器人做手術(shù)而不是醫(yī)生做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在海外設(shè)立移動(dòng)外科單位”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是如何進(jìn)行的？

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.A.它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的。

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.B.外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋。

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.C.外科醫(yī)生通過與機(jī)器人相連的計(jì)算機(jī)來移動(dòng)機(jī)器人設(shè)備。

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.D.3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動(dòng)作。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段三、四句“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器?！币簿褪钦f，計(jì)算機(jī)把圖像傳給醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生通過計(jì)算機(jī)來引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人，因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的。”，文章提及現(xiàn)實(shí)虛擬手術(shù)是由外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制進(jìn)行手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋?！?，該手術(shù)不僅僅是外科醫(yī)生接受反饋，而且他們操作機(jī)器人進(jìn)行，因此該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動(dòng)作”，文中倒數(shù)第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生露西亞?薩莫拉諾通過計(jì)算機(jī)掃描獲取大腦圖像，并使用計(jì)算機(jī)程序生成3D圖像?！笨芍?D圖像記錄的是傷口而不是手術(shù)中醫(yī)生的動(dòng)作，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)中，醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體上的傷口，因?yàn)開___。

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenA.他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesB.這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedC.因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅?/p>

D.heiswearing3-DglassesD.他戴著3D眼鏡

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“在這些手術(shù)過程中，外科醫(yī)生會(huì)戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野?！币虼诉xD。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口”，這并不是更好地看到身體傷口的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查”，文章提到“戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”但并沒有說可以從不同的角度進(jìn)行檢查，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅恕保恼绿岬健按魃?D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”，但并沒有說傷口被放大，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因?yàn)樗鼈僟___。

A.causelesspaintothewoundedA.減少了受傷人員的疼痛

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyB.可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstediousC.將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionD.是由機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生以更高的精確度完成的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第四段“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器。計(jì)算機(jī)向外科醫(yī)生提供力量、紋理和聲音方面的反饋?！币约拔恼碌箶?shù)第二段“他們命令機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織?！庇纱丝赏茢?，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是由機(jī)器人進(jìn)行的更精確的手術(shù)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少了受傷人員的疼痛”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.單選題

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”?

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”：humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors，offices,clinics，andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms，seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors，officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations，”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines；takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”

1.WhatisWatson?

2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?

3.MartyKohn().

4.“Anchoringbias”().

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors，offices

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.

B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.

D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Waston是什么？由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能幫助醫(yī)生和病人的智能電腦。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下哪項(xiàng)超出了Watsoif的能力？由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B選項(xiàng)。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A選項(xiàng)的academicconference與原文不符合，演講是在一次非正式亮相的聚會(huì)上進(jìn)行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”，而不是IBM培訓(xùn)部的人，所以排除B選項(xiàng)。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小，是對(duì)比出的效果，排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”，“humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”，倒數(shù)第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”，可知Waston不太容易出現(xiàn)這類錯(cuò)誤。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題干：下面哪個(gè)可能是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題？本文主要講述了Waston是什么以及它在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Asmanyas100speciesoffish,some（

）tothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythepollution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unusual

B.particular

C.typical

D.unique

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unusual“不尋常的”；particular“特別的，詳細(xì)的”；typical“典型的”；unique“獨(dú)一無二的”。句意：在這片水域有100多種魚類，有些是獨(dú)一無二的，已經(jīng)被污水影響了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.

Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborsformEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.settlementsspreadwestward

B.thecoast-to-coastrailroad:avitallink

C.Americanrailroadhistory

D.theimportanceofrailroadsintheAmericaneconomy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文中第一段最后兩句話“Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.（早期的火車都是些不切實(shí)際的玩意，在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，鐵路公司都遇到了一些機(jī)械問題。最嚴(yán)重的問題是建造能承受荷載的軌道，以及開發(fā)更安全、更有效的剎車系統(tǒng)。）”，由此可知是火車鐵軌質(zhì)量不好，剎車系統(tǒng)還有待完善。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路質(zhì)量差，剎車系統(tǒng)不可靠”正確；B選項(xiàng)“缺乏對(duì)發(fā)展的財(cái)政支持”；C選項(xiàng)“有限鐵路線路”和D選項(xiàng)“缺乏橫貫大陸的鐵路”文中都沒有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文中第三段倒數(shù)第二、三句話“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.（1896年，兩組人在現(xiàn)在的猶他州的海角相遇。許多游客為了這一盛事來到那里。）”由此可知人們?yōu)榱丝磧山M工隊(duì)的相遇來到了施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了西方工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展”文中沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“吸引了許多游客到建筑工地”正確；C選項(xiàng)“吸引歐洲的勞動(dòng)力”和D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們到全國(guó)各地旅游”文中都沒有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.主旨大意題。本文第一段講述了早期美國(guó)鐵路遇到的問題，第二段主要講述了解決這些問題后美國(guó)鐵路路線變多，第三段主要講述了美國(guó)第一條貫穿大陸的鐵路建設(shè)，第四段主要講述該鐵路的作用，由此可知本文主要講述了美國(guó)鐵路交通的發(fā)展。A選項(xiàng)“西方世界殖民擴(kuò)張”；B選項(xiàng)“海岸到海岸的鐵路重要的連接”和D選項(xiàng)“鐵路在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性”都沒有C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的鐵路歷史”更符合文章大意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第三段第二句話“In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.（1862年國(guó)會(huì)授權(quán)兩家西部鐵路公司修建從內(nèi)布拉斯加州往西和加州往東匯合的鐵路，以便建成橫穿大陸連接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。）”和第三段的倒數(shù)第三句話“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.（1896年，他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)在的猶他州的海角相遇。）”，由此可知，該貫穿大陸的鐵路從修建到完成共花了7年時(shí)間。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段“Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.（這條鐵路在鼓勵(lì)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)方面起了非常重要的作用。它還通過運(yùn)輸原材料和將產(chǎn)品迅速分銷到遙遠(yuǎn)的市場(chǎng)，幫助建立了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)。它把城鎮(zhèn)和人們聯(lián)系在一起，幫助統(tǒng)一了美國(guó)。）”，由此可推斷出該公路是為了在全國(guó)各地建立四通八達(dá)的鐵路網(wǎng)，發(fā)展各地經(jīng)濟(jì)。A選項(xiàng)“政府支持這樣一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的可能性”與文章關(guān)系不大；B選項(xiàng)“探索猶他州的需要”弱化了該公路的作用；C選項(xiàng)“連接?xùn)|海岸和西海岸的需要?！闭_；D選項(xiàng)“在西部發(fā)展鐵路工業(yè)的需要”文章沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itdoesn’tseemtoofferasmuchfreedomasheanticipated.

B.Itisn’tsomotivatingashebelieved.

C.Itisn’tsoenjoyableasheexpected.

D.Itdoesn’tenablehimtoearnasmuchmoneyasheusedto.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees’feelings.

B.Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees’behaviors.

C.Notallofthemknowhowtomotivatetheiremployees.

D.Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Self-awareness.

B.Autonomy.

C.Jobsatisfaction.

D.Money.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients.

B.Thewaytoexploreemployees’interestsandtalents.

C.Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment.

D.Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Howdoyoulikebeingself-employed?

M:Thereareobviousbenefits,[5]thoughIdon’tseemtohavethefreedomIanticipatedasIjustdon’tseemabletodeclineworkoffers.Andworkingalone,therehavebeentimeswhenI’vefoundthatmoneyaloneprovidesinsufficientmotivation.Haveyouexperiencedthesamesinceyoubeganworkingforyourself?

W:Sometimes,yes,unliketherestoftheworkforcewhohavemanagerstopromptmotivationwheneverthey’refeelinglazyorbored,weself-employedworkersperformourjobswithoutamanagertoliftourspirits.There’snoonearoundtoofferpraiseorinitiatecollaboration,noonetomakegreateruseofourinterestsandtalents.

M:That’safact.Noteverymanagerbehaveswithsuchawarenessandcareofcourse,[6]andcertainlynotallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople.Still,havingamanagernearbyatleastindicatesthere’sanopportunity:there’llbedecentenoughtolookoutforyouwhenyourenergyandfocusbegintodeplete.

W:[7]ThemotivatorIvaluemostisautonomy.I’velearnednottosacrificemyprizedautonomybyworkingallhoursoftheday,andbysayingyestoeveryclient’srequest.

M:[7]Yes,IneedtoremindmyselfthatIselectedthislifestylefortheindependence.Idon’tmissaspectsofpermanentfull-timeemploymentIdisliked,suchastheofficepolitics,jobinsecurity,inflexiblehoursandsoon.Iwouldn’tmindabitmoreintheformofpraisethough,praisewhichisontherecord.

W:That’llcomewithtime.Relatednessisinevitablycultivatedviahumaninteraction,engagingwithclients,gettingwrittentestimonyandrecommendations,stayingincontactwithclientsafterwards.Thesearethingsyou’llfindwillcomeinduecourseandprovideyouwithmotivation.

M:You’reright.That’sanareaIdoneedtoputsomemoreeffortinto—[8]buildingcloserrelationshipswiththosewhoengagemyse