?老人與海?的悲劇色彩:對(duì)完美主義的質(zhì)疑AbstractThroughages,humanbeingshavealwaysbeeninpursuitoftheperfectionofeverything.Notallthings,however,areperfectintheworld.BothHemingwayandSantiago,theheroinhisfamousworkTheOldManandtheSeaareperfectionists.Intheirdailylives,perfectionistshaveendlesssadnesssincetheyalwaysdemandmoreandmore.Whenapersonwantsmoreandhispresentsituationcouldnotsatisfyhim,heisboundtoinvolveinastrangecircle,whichwillmakehismentalityfullofcontradictories.Itisuneasyforhimtolethimselffree.Perfectionistscouldnotbeeasilyunderstoodbyothers.ThoughananalysisofthetragedyoftheoldmanandHemingway,thisthesismainlydiscussesthetragiccolorinTheOldManandtheSea,anddrawsaconclusionthattheirperfectionismleadstotheirtragedy.Inthatway,thepaperchallengesperfectionism.Justlikeanoldsayinggoes:“Nooneisperfect〞.Thereisnoabsoluteperfectionismintheworld.Infact,pursuingperfectionisagoodmedicineforthosewhoarevacuoustoremedy,butonthepremisethattheyknowtheirpotentialwellinpursuitofperfection.Ifapersondoesnotknowhispotentialofperfectionandover-pursuesit,notonlydoeshelivewithouthappiness,buthegetsnothingintheendaswell.Theworldisimperfect.Therefore,itisessentialtoaccepttheimperfectionoftheworldandlearntoabnegatesomeunrealisticpursuits.Thisthesistriestoelucidatethetruththatpeoplewhoover-pursueperfectioncannotbuthurtthemselvesintheend.KeyWordstragiccolor;perfection;perfectionism;Hemingway;Santiago摘要千古以來，人們歷來追求事事的完美，然而，事事皆不完美，即使是人們心目中最完美的東西也有它的破綻。就像是海明威和他的名著?老人與海?里的鐵漢英雄---圣地亞哥一樣，他們兩人都是人們心目中的完美主義者。然而在日常的生活中，完美主義者總是有著無窮無盡的悲哀，因?yàn)樗麄円簧淖非髸?huì)隨著自己目的的達(dá)成變得越來越多。假設(shè)是一個(gè)追求完美的人為自己定了很高的目的而沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們就很容易陷入一種精神的怪圈，這樣的怪圈使得他們的內(nèi)心總是充滿矛盾，在不斷的掙扎中，他們難以脫身。本論文從研究?老人與海?的悲劇色彩入手，分析老人的悲劇，指出他的悲劇是由他的完美主義思想所致，同時(shí)也說明海明威的悲劇，海明威對(duì)自己的要求太高了，他不斷追求心中到達(dá)完美的目的，甚至有些目的已經(jīng)超過了他的才能范圍。然而，他的事事追求完美的思想使得他承受不了生活的壓力，病痛的折磨，最終，他以自殺完畢了他本是輝煌燦爛的人生。接著論文那么對(duì)世人覺得理所當(dāng)然的追求完美主義的思想提出質(zhì)疑。正如金無赤金，人無完人所闡述的道理，世間沒有絕對(duì)的完美。實(shí)際上追求完美是彌補(bǔ)心靈空虛人的一劑良藥，但前提是在人們真正理解自己的潛能。一個(gè)人假設(shè)是連自己都不理解，不知道自己真正所需，就過度追求生命中事事的完美，那他的一生必定沒有幸福，而且到頭來也不會(huì)得到他所追求的完美。整理我們的思緒，放棄不實(shí)在際的想法，做我們自己而不在意別人的想法，這才是我們每個(gè)人應(yīng)該做的。世界從來就不完美，學(xué)會(huì)放棄才是人生的寬途。本論文分析老人和海明威的悲劇以及對(duì)造成他們悲劇的原因---追求完美主義，進(jìn)展分析，試圖說明過分追求完美必然導(dǎo)致對(duì)自己的傷害。關(guān)鍵詞悲劇色彩；完美；完美主義；海明威；圣地亞哥IntroductionHemingway’slifeisfilledwithkindsofadventures,andfromhisrichandcolorfullifeexperiences，hislifeseemslikeanunusualbookwhichmanyotherpeopleintheworldadmireandenvy.Indeed,Hemingwayisagreatwriter,acodemanwithwhitebeard;eventodayhehadleftusforafewdecades,hisbravefigurehasstillbeenlivinginpeople’smemory.Hisadventuristspiritmadehimcreatemanynovels,sothatpeoplealwayssayhedirectshisownstoriesinhisworks.Fromhisworksandlifeexperiences,Hemingwayisindeedaperfectionist.Manyoftheheroesthathecreatedinnovelsarerepresentedhiscodemanspirit---perfectionism,especiallyinTheOldManandtheSea.TheoldmannamedSantiagorepresentedHemingway’sperfectionismcharacteristicmorevividlythanothercodemaninhisworks.Hemingwayleftmanymythstotheliteraryworldafterhisshockingdeath,moreandmoreresearchersdiscussedhisworks;alotofdiscussionsaretalkedabouthiswritingstyle,lifeexperiencesandhisowncodemanspirit.Hemingway’snamehadbeenstayinginliteraryworldforeverbecauseofthewholeworld’sattention.Perfectionismisadouble-edgedbladewhichbringsbothhonorandsadnesstoHemingway.Hechosetodieintheprimeofhislife.Hemingwayleftmanyunsolvedquestionstothewholeworld,peopleregretforhischoice.Meanwhile,wecouldfindarealHemingwaywhenwestandinhisshoes,heisapleteperfectionist.Hewouldpreferregrettingforthewholeworldtoregrettingforhimself,that’saperfectionist’schoice.EventhoughHemingwaychoseanotherwaytoexpresshisherospiritandhisperfectionism,somepeoplesuspectwhathisperfectionismbroughttohim.Perfectionismbroughthonor,wealth,wonderfullifetohim,buthedecidedtodiscardallhonorbecausehehadbeentorturedbysicknessgreatly,hechosetodieintheend.Hemingwaywasinvolvedinstrangeperfectionismcircle.Atthesametime,thecodemanspiritmadehimpursuitperfectionofeverything.Asaperfectmaninpeople’seyesisHemingway’saim.TheoldmanwhoHemingwaycreatedinTheOldManandtheSeaisalsoapersonrepresentedHemingway’sperfectionismspirit.Hehashisownsadness.ThepaperfocusesonTheOldManandtheSea，findoutthetragiccolorinthenovel,meanwhile,explainsHemingway’stragedyinordertochallengetheperfectionismwhichisheldbytheauthor---Hemingwayandhiscreativecodehero---Santiago.IBackgroundA．TotheAuthor:EarnestHemingwayEarnestMillerHemingwaywasborninawell-to-dofamilyinOakPark,IllinoisnearChicago,onJuly21st,1899.HewasanAmericanNobelPrizewinnerinliterature(1954),aspokesmanfor“TheLostGeneration〞.AfterhegottheNobelPrize,heendedhislifebyhimself.Hislifewasfilledwithmanykindsofadventuresthatrepresentinhisworks.Hestyledtheparticulartypeofthetragicheroinhisnovels,andhislifeattitudehadbeenwidelyrecognizedandimitatedinEnglish-speakingcountriesandallovertheworldaswell.HemingwaywasamythinhisowntimeandinAmericanliterature.B.TheMedium-LengthNovel1.SummaryAmongallofHemingway’sworks,TheOldManandtheSea,itisaworkthatleadstothetopofHemingway’scareerofwriterandmadehimreceipttheNobelPrize.ItisapoetictragicnovelaboutSantiago---anoldCubanfishermanwhohasgonefor84dayswithoutcatchinganything.Therefore,theboy,Mandolin,whousedtosailwithhim,isforcedbyhisparentstoleavetheoldmanandcatchinanother“good-lucky〞ship.Theoldmaninsistsonfishingaloneandatlast,hehooksaneighteen-foot,giantmarlin,thelargesthehaseverknown.Butthetitanicfishisverypowerfulanddisobedient.Ittowstheoldmanandhisboatouttoseafor48hours,withtheoldmanbearingthewholeweightofthefishthroughthelineonhisback.Theoldman,withlittlefoodandsleep,hastoenduremuchpainandfightsagainsthistreacheroushandcramp.Tohisgreatexcitement,onhisthirddayatsea,hesucceedsincatchingtheweakenedmarlintothesurfaceandharpoonsit.Onhiswayhome,helashedmarlinalongsidehisboatbecauseitistoobigtobepulledintotheboat.But,unfortunately,thesharksindifferentdirectionsassaultedtheoldmanandthegiantmarlinforfourtimes.Theoldmanfightstokillthesharkswithasmuchmightandmanyweaponsashecansummon,butonlytofindagiantskeletonofhismarlinleftafterhisdesperatedefense.Atlast,Santiago,havinglostwhathefoughtfor,reachestheshoreandstrugglestohisshack.Hefallsintosoundsleep,dreamingofAfricaandthelionsagain.Hisstrugglewinshimmuchrespect;meanwhile,hestillmadehimselfindulgeintheatmosphereoftragiccolor,nooneunderstandshissadnessexcepthimself.2.TheSocialBackgroundofThisWorkLiteratureisthereflectionofsociety.Therefore,inordertoprovethisnovel’stragiccolor,thesocialbackgroundisoneofthenecessaryfactorsforustoappreciatethiswork.HemingwaylivedintheperiodthattheWorldWarOnebrokeout;manyyoungvolunteerstookpartin“thewarwhichalsocalledawarendallwars〞.Buttheharshrealitymadethemawarethatmodernwarfarewasnotasgloriousorheroicastheythought.Asayoungwriterandspokesmanofthe“TheLostGeneration〞,andinfluencedbythefrivolous,greedyandheedlesswayoflifeinAmerica.Hemingway’sworksallvividlyrecordedthelifeofthosephysicallyandmentallywoundedsoldiers,revealedthefrustration,lonelinesswhen“Godisdead〞.Thatperiodrsquo;stragedymadeHemingway’sworksfullwithtragiccolor,suchasAFarewelltoArms,DeathintheAfternoon,TheSunAlsoRiseandTheOldManandtheSea.Themenace,theanguishdereliction,thefutilityandsterilityexpressedintheseworkshadbeenafflictingallsensitivemembersofthepost-wargeneration.TheothercircumstancesthatmadeHemingwaywrotethenovelwasHemingway’swritingcapabilityhadbeenquestionedbypeopleatthattime.Underkindsofgossip,HemingwaydecidedtowriteTheOldManandtheSeawhichhadbeenconstructedinhismindformorethan10years.Atlast,thismasterpieceprovedhiswritingtalent.IITheTragicColorinTheOldManandtheSeaA.DefinitionoftheTragicColorIntheancientGreek,tragedyisdefinedasSocratesdiedfrompoison;Jesuswashungonthecross.Intheeyesofwesterners,tragedyisthehighestartinaesthetics.Someartistseventhoughtrealartonlyesfromtragedy.Alargenumberofwritersandartistsfocustheireyesontragedy,sothattheyarewillingtocreatetheirworkswithtragedies.Therearesomanyexplanationsfortheword“tragedy〞.ThedefinitionoftragedyintheDictionaryofLiteratureTheoryis:“tragedyisastorywithcontradictoryconflictionendedupwiththegoodperson’sunfortunatefate.〞Aristotle,whoisoneofthegreatestteachersinancienteducationalhistory,haseverdefinedtragedythus:“tragedy,then,isandimitationofanactionthatisserious,plete,andofacertainmagnitude.〞(王佐良，2022，29)ChinesefamousliterarywriterLuXundefinedtheword“tragedy〞that:tragedydestroysthemostvaluablethingsinpeople’slifeinfrontofhumanbeings.Generallyspeaking,tragedyonlyreferstogoodpersons’unfortunatefate.Intheeyesofthisthesis’author,accordingtothisHemingway’snovel—TheOldManandthesea,whichisatypicallyworksthatplywithChinesetragicrecognition---destroytheoldman’seffortsinfrontofpeople.Thatisthecrueltyoftragedy.Inthismedium-lengthnovel,tragedyrepresentedinmanyrespects,suchastheoldmantorturedbyloneliness,sicknessandsoon,eventhetitanicfishhasitstragedy.B.TragicColorRepresentedintheNovelTragiccolorinthisnovelismainlyrepresentedintwoquarters,thefirstrespectisthetitanicfish’sinborntragedy;thesecondpartistheoldman’stragedy.1.TitanicFish’sTragedyThefirsttragedyisexistedinthegiantmarlin’stragedy.Fishisborntobedefeated,it’sanimmutablefact.Itwasdefeatedbytheoldman,andthenitwasdestroyedpletelybyfourfiercesharks’continuallyattack.Afishisborntobedefeated,itsfateisboundtobedefeatedandsharedbyhumanbeingsorotherstrongeranimals.That’safish’stragedy.It’saninbornloser.2.TheOldMan’sTragedyThetitanicfish’stragedyisoneoftragediesinthenovel,buttheoldman’stragedyisthemaintragedyinit.Fromtheverybeginningofthisnovel,Hemingwaydepictedthesadtonethatapoorandlonelymanwithshabbyboat,deepseaasbackgroundisalsosymbolizesakindofsadtone,thesesadtoneslastattheendofthisnovel.Theoldman’swifehasbeendeadformanyyears,withoutleavinganydescendants,hemisseshiswifeverymuch,inordertonotmisshiswife,heputsoffallofhiswife’scolorphotos,becausehefeelssolonelyonceheseesthosephotos.Theoldman’stragedyisalsorepresentedinnoonecareabouthimexcepthisgoodfriend,alittleboynamedMandolin.However,thelittleboycouldnotalwaysstaywithhimandtakecareofhim.Duringthedaystheoldmansailsintodeepseawithhisoutsizeddream,noonepanywiththeoldman,hefeelssolonely.Hemisseshisbelovedwifeandhisgoodfriend---thelittleboy,hewantsthelittleboytohelphimandspeaktohim,buthecanonlyspeaktohimself,thegiantmarlin,littletiredbirdandthedeepbluesea.Duringthosedays,withlittlefoodandsleep,heenduresmuchpainandfightsagainsthistreacheroushandcramp,noonehelpshim,theoldmansaystohimselfagainandagain:“that’sgreatifthelittleboyishere〞.Theresultofhissailingisalsooneoftragediesinthenovel.Afterhehascaughtthegiantmarlin,andreturnstoshore,heonlytakesabigfishskeleton,peoplerespecthiscapabilitybuthedissatisfieswiththeresultandhestillfeelsfrustrated.Heexpresseshislonelinesstothelittleboy.Therearenomorewordsforhim,thefatigueandhistorturedheartmadehimfeelssotired,hesleepsdeeplyinhisshabbyboat.Hedreamsofagroupoflionswhichsymbolizessuccess,butthissailingisnotthoughtasasuccessfulonebyhimself.Allofoldman’stragediesefromhimselfatheart.Thereisacontradictionexistedinhismind.Hiswholelifedependsontheseaandofcoursehehasbeeanoldexperiencedfishermanforhehasbeenlivingintheseaformanyyears.Butatthistimehecatchesnothingfor84days.Otherpeopleorfishermanstartstosuspecthisabilityandjokeabouthisdecreasedcapabilitiesoffishing.Gossipsmadetheoldmandeterminetosailintothedeepsea,whichleadstohistragedy,becausesailingtothedeepseahassurpassedhiscapabilityinhisoldage.Hestillwantstobeeasuccessfulfishermaninpeople’seyes;buthisoutsizeddream’sdestructionmadehimfeelssosad.Intheend,theoldmanbeesmoresilent,heonlywantstosleepinordertorefreshhisbody,andheonlyexpresseshissadness,butnothisambitiontoconquertheseaanymore.Atthattime,hehasrealizedhisdreamcouldnotbefulfilledanymore.Eventhroughheknowshisabilitycouldnotrealizehisoutsizeddreampletely,thisdreamcouldnotvanishinhismind.Atthelastparagraphofthisnovel,wordsfromafemaletravelermadereadersgivemorepityontheoldman,thefemaletravelerpointsthetitanicskeletonandasksawaiterwhatitis.Notuntilthewaiterexplains,shethoughtitisashark’sskeletonandcriesout“Ihasneversawsuchabeautifulshark’stail〞.Theoldman’sdreampletelyshattered,hisfruithasbeenmistakablyregardedasashark’sskeleton.Peoplearoundtheshoredon’tunderstandwhattheoldmanstrivesforinhisoldages.Nooneunderstandshissadnessbesideshimself.Ifhedoesn’twanttobeeasuccessfulfishermaninhisoldage,hecouldenjoyhimselftilltheendofhislife.Throughoutthenovel,alloftheoldman’stragediesefromhisambition,hisoutsizeddream.Heistoooldtosailintothedeepseaandheshouldstayinpeacefulharbor;enjoyhimselfinhislittleboatalthoughlifemaybepoor,however,heneedn’tprovehisabilitytootherpeople.Inoneword,perfectionismleadstoSantiago’soutsizeddreamwhichcausedhistragedy.IIIPerfectionismA.DefinitionIfapersonwithacharacterwhoalwayspareshimselforhisachievementswithperfectthings,thiskindofpersonisaperfectionist.OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryexplains“perfectionist〞asthefollowingtwomeanings:one:personwhoisnotsatisfiedwithanythinglessthanperfection;two:personwhoinsistsonperfectionineverydetailevenwhenitisnotnecessary.FamouspsychologistBurnpointedout:“perfectionistisapersonwhodeterminetogethigheraims,andpelhimselftopursuittheiraimsexcessively.Intheprocessofpursuingthoseaims,theyareeasytohurtthemselves〞.Oneofperfectionist’smainfeaturesistheireagernesstoprovetheirability.PsychologistKarenHarneyhasalreadygiventheseexplanationsforperfectionist’seagerness:“themeaningofperfectionist’slifeisnotexistedinhishappinessandenjoyments,butfocusonhisacplishmentsabouthisownresponsibilitiesandpulsory.Intermsoftheirmotivationoflife,theyarenotwillingtoacquirehappinessbutpursuerightandperfectthingsinalloftheirlife.〞Theothermainfeatureofperfectionististheirself-contradictorycharacteristic;manyperfectionistsstruggledintheirself-contradictoryminds.Generallyspeaking,perfectionist’scharacterisalwaysstubborn,straitlaced,andinflexible.Theyalwaysplanahighstandardforthemselvesandtrytheirbesttoachieveit,iftheyfailed,theywillfeelsosadandhardtoaccepttheresult.Thiscouldexplainwhyperfectionistsareeasytoinvolveindepression,oncetheyfallintothesadness,theyalsocannotmakethemcatchupagain.B.Santiago’sandHemingway’sPerfectionismSantiagoandHemingwaybothbelongtothesamekindofpeoplewithacharacterwhichbeencalledperfectionism.Fromtheoldman’scharacteristicinTheOldManandtheSea,theauthorofthethesiscouldcatchaglimpseofHemingway.1.Santiago’sPerfectionismInthenovelTheOldManandtheSea,theoldman’seagernesstoprovehiscapabilityisthebestevidencewhichcouldprovetheoldman’sperfectionism.Hehasgonefor84dayswithoutcatchinganything.Hiscodeman’scharacterleadshimtoprovehecancatchgiantfish.HehaseversaidtoMandolinthatheisastrangemananddifferentfromotherfisherman.Inthestory,theoldmanalwayshopeshisoutsizeddreamcouldsatisfyhimselfandotherpeople.Hisoutsizeddreamisthatonedayhewillcatchgiantfishtoprovehisability.Inordertocatchgiantfish,hehastochoosetosailintothedeepsea,butthatisoutofhiscapability,intheendofthestoryevenhehasgotgiantfish,hisroughtoolsmadehisgiantfishcouldnotreturnsafelytohisshoreforthedeepseaisdangerousandfullwithobstacles.Theoldmanshouldconsidertheseobstaclesbeforesailingbutasaperfectionistheonlypaysmoreattentiontoprovehiscapability.Sohisachievementisdestroyedbysharksagainandagain,andonlyleavesthatgiantfish’sskeleton.Atlast,Santiagorecognizesheisstillaloser,hefeelssadbutnooneunderstandshim.Allofhissadnessandlonelinessiscausedbyhisperfectionism.Meanwhile,Santiagoisaself-contradictoryman,themiracleseaisdangerous,butheisamanlovesseaverymuch,heevenwillingtoregardseaasawoman,thinkingthatevenifshedosomethingimprudentornaughty,that’sbecauseshecan’tcontrolherself,that’snotherfautheoldmanlovesthedeepsea,buttheseadestroyedhisoutsizeddreamindirectly;healsolovesanimalswhichliveinthedeepsea,thebirds,flyfishanddolphins,hethinkstheyareallhisfriendswhichcouldpanywithhiminthelonelysea;Hefeelshappywhenhesawalltheseaanimalslivepeacefully,buthehastostrugglewiththegiantandbeautifulfish;althoughhefeelssadandregrettableforthegiantfish,hestilldeterminestokillit;hethinksmarlinisbeautifulanddivine;however,heholdshisspearandstabsintoitsbody.2.Hemingway’sPerfectionismTheOldManandtheSeaisalwaysregardedasHemingway’sbiography.Hemingway’sownexperiencesmadehimbeeaperfectionistbydegree..Hemingway’sperfectionist’slifewasgreatlyaffectedbyhisfamily.Hewasborninacontradictoryfamily.Hisfather,asuccessfulphysician,alsomittedsuicide,enjoyedhuntingandfishing.Hismother,amusician,whowantedHemingwaycouldstayandstudymusicandartinfamily.Hemingway’sparentswantedhimbeeaperfectionistfromhischildhoodeducation.Hemingwayhadadreamtobeastrongandversatilemanfromhislittleagebecauseofhisfamilybackground.Whenhewasalittleboy,hewentoutfrequentlywithhisfather,intheprocess,hedevelopedaseriesofconsiderationaboutlifeanddeath,andmeanwhilehelearnedsuchvirtuesascourageandendurance.Hehadawholehappychildhoodthoughhedidrunawayfromhometwice.Intheschool,hewasalsoanoutstandingstudent.Therefore,Hemingway’searlychildhoodexperienceandhisnaturaltempermadehimbeesaperfectionistlittlebylittle.Afterleavingschool,hejoinedinthearmyasawarreporter,likeotheryoungpeoplelivedinthatperiod,hewasdisillusionedbythesenselessslaughteroftheFirstWorldWar.Inthewar,Hemingwaygotshortperiodpraisebecausehesavedasolider,duringthosedayshewasseemedasaherobypeople,eventhehonordisappearedsoon,hiscodemancharacteristiclasted.Hemingwaypaidallhislifetowrite,createandremainhiscodemanspirittomemorythehonorthathehadeverhad,thisrepresentedwhateverinhislifeorhisworks.Experiencedsomanyadventures,hislifewerefilledwithdepressionandphysicalsickness,aftergottheNobelPrizewhichHemingwayalwayspursuited,andunderwentshocktreatmentfordepression,Hemingwayendedhislifewithhislovedshotgunthathisfathereverusedtomittedsuicide.Hemingwaypursuitedperfectionisminallofhislife,hisperfectionismrepresentsnotonlyinhislife,butalsoinhisworks.Allofhisworksrefertowarandtension,allhislifefullwithadventureswhichrepresentedhisnotionofaperfectlife.Hemingwayalwayswantedtofinishhisherorolepletely,whichisdefinedinotherpeople’seyesasaheroshouldbe.Becausehispursuitofeverything’sperfection,healwayshadhighexpectation,ifthethingsdidn’tprocessaccordingtohisplan,hewouldlosehismind.Theoldyear’ssicknessmadeHemingwaycouldnotrealizehisperfectdreamsanymore;hewastorturedbysicknessdaybydaywhichwascreatedbyearlywarexperiencesandkindsofadventures.Hemingway’scontradictorymindisanotherexpressionofhisperfectionism.HehadeverjoinedthemunistParty,buthewasalsoamemberofCatholicChurch;hehadfourwivesbuthedivorcedfinally;peoplealwaysthoughthewasaplayboy,atleastamancouldnotconcentrateonlove,butheadmittedtothepublicthat“helovedallhiswivesandsons〞;ThedaywhenFaulknerwontheNobelPrizein1949,Hemingwaywasquotedasthesesaying,“nosonofbitchwhoeverwontheNobelPrizeeverwroteanythingworthreadingafterwards〞,butwhenhegotNobelPrizein1954,heacceptedthatprizehappily.IfHemingwayisnotaperfectionist,hecouldlivehappilythananyoneelse.Nevertheless,everyonehastheirownlivingway,hechosetoliveinaperfectionismway.3.SumupBothHemingwayandtheoldmanarerepresentationofperfectionism.Indeed,intheprocessofpursuitingperfection,theyhavegotthemostvaluablethingsinlife,becausetheirpursuingtheperfectthingsmadetheirlifefullofenergyandmotivation.However,lifeisnotalwaysperfect.Inourlife,pursuingperfectionisapprovedbutwemustrecognizethetruththatlifeisimperfect,nooneisperfect.Itistheruleofnature.Hemingwayandtheoldmanpursuittheirperfectoutsizeddreams,theresultsoftheirpursuitsarenotgood.TakeHemingwayandtheoldmanforexample,theresultsoftheirperfectionismareHemingwayfeltdepressiveforthewholeworldandchosemittedsuicide;whiletheoldman,hispursuitdisappearedinseveralseconds,hefeelssadbecauseherealizesheisstillaloser.C.DealingwithPerfectionismThemostimportantwaytodealwithperfectionismistorealizethenotionthattheworldisfarfrombeingperfect,likeanoldsayinggoes,nooneisperfect,theabsoluteperfectionisneverexistedintheworld.Undertheconditionthatweknowwecouldnotgettwoperfectthingsatthesametime,inordertogetsomethingmoreimportant,learntogiveupsomethingwillhelpuspasssomedifficulties.Iftheoldman--Santiagorealizedhisoutsizeddreamisunreasonable,heshouldnotbesad.Heshouldabnegatehisoutsizeddream;enjoyhimselfonlybyfreshfish,althoughlifemaybepoor,nofood,andnomilk.HecanstilllivehappilywithMandolin’spany.TheprototypeoftheoldmaninthenovelTheOldManandtheSeaisaCubanfishermanwhohadeversavedHemingwaywhoisindangerandatlasthebecameoneofHemingway’sgoodfriends.AfterHemingway’smittedsuicide,ahottopichadbeendiscussedontheInternet,peoplestarttodoubtwhyapoorfishermanlivedhappilyuntilhis101yearsold,whileHemingwayendedhislifebyshotgunafterhegotthehonorofNobelPrize.Infact,thereasonthatleadsHemingway’sdeathishisperfectionism.Therearetwowaystodealwithperfectionism.1.prehensionoftheWorld’sImperfectionPeoplelivinginmoderntimesbearmorepressurethantheirforebears,onthegroundsofthefastpaceofthesociety.Especiallythosewithhighercredentialsthanothers,theyalwaysexpresstheirideasthatsomedaytheycouldbeeperfectandgetadmirationfromothers.Buttheyalwaysblindlychasehightargetswithoutconsideringtheirownpotentials.Itisnotaneasythingtobeperfect.prehensionoftheworld’sImperfectionisonewaytosolvethisproblem.Sometruestoriestellusthatweshouldrealizetheimperfectionintheworld.Therewasamanagerofafamousfranchiseauto-manufactorypanywhowasatypicallyperfectionist.Heisasuccessfulmanagerinmanypeople’seyes,buthedissatisfiedwithhissuccessoncehethoughthispanyisfarbehindhishighaims,althoughinfacthisfranchisepanyoperatedverywellevensurpassmanyhigh-levelauto-manufactorypanies.Themanagercouldnotbearpressure,atlast,hechosedeathlikeanyotherperfectionistsdid.Datawhichwasrespondedbytheresearcherswhoworkedintheproblemsoncollegestudents’mittedsuicideisanotherexample.Atpresent,therateofmittedsuicideoncampusishigherthanseveralyearsago,whichhascausedattentionaroundthesociety.Somepsychologistsandsociologistsstarttoresearchthisproblem.Theresultoftheirresearchiscollegestudents’pressurewhichisthemainkillerthatleadstostudents’highrateofmittedsuicide,especiallytheundergraduateswhofacewithmorepressuresfromthesociety,family,boy-friendsorgirl-friends,thanseveralyearsago.Whenstudentswithperfectdreamssuddenlyfindtheirdreamsdisappearinonesecond,theywouldfallintothecircleofdepressionmoreeasily.Manyofthemchoosedeathtoresolvetheunhappiness.Somesociologistssuggestthatpsychologyshouldbeoneofthemostimportantlessonsincollegeinordertoeducatemoreeligiblestudents.Onlygraduatestudentslearnedhowtofacethemusic,howtofindthebalanceoftheirmentality,theycouldadjustthemselvestotheplexsociety.Iftheauto-manufactorymanageropenedhisheartandmind,paredhimselftootherinferiorpany,hewouldfeelhappybecauseofhisachievements.Ifthecollegestudentsunderstandtheyarestilltooyoung,theirfuturemustbebrighterthantheythought,theymaygetmoreandmoresuccessinfuture.Sometimes,choosingtoliveinahappyorunhappywayisonlyachoicewhichismadeinonesecondbyourselves.2.