精選定語從句與名詞精選性從句的交換精選定語從句與名詞精選性從句的交換9/9精選定語從句與名詞精選性從句的交換定語從句與名詞性從句的交換一、定語從句和名詞性從句因為表達意思的需要，有時可以相互變換。大概有下邊三種情況：（１）定語從句與表語從句的交換That'sthethingthatwe'reworryingabout.（定語從句）That'swhatwe'reworryingabout.（表語從句）那就是我們正在擔憂的事。Thisisthewayshedidit.（定語從句）Thisishowshedidit.（表語從句）這就是她做這件事的方法。Thisisthereasonwhywemustgonow.（定語從句）Thisiswhywemustgonow.（表語從句）這就是我們此刻該走的原因。ThatistheplacewhereXiaoLinwasborn.（定語從句）ThatiswhereXiaoLinwasborn.(表語從句)那就是小林出生的地方。（２）定語從句與賓語從句的交換Idon'tknowthereasonwhysheissohappy.（定語從句）Idon'tknowwhysheissohappy.（賓語從句）我不知道她為何這樣快樂。Heshowedmetheplacewhereheusedtolive.（定語從句）Heshowedmewhereheusedtolive.（賓語從句）他帶我看了他以前住過的地方。DoyouknowthedatewhenWuhanwasliberated（定語從句）DoyouknowwhenWuhanwasliberated(賓語從句)你知道武漢是什么時候解放的嗎（３）定語從句與主語從句的交換Thethingthatweneedismoretime.（定語從句）Whatweneedismoretime.（主語從句）我們所需要的是更多的時間。Thetimewhentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（定語從句）Whentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（主語從句）他們什么時候出發(fā)還沒有決定下來。Thereasonwhyhediditwasn'tquiteclear.（定語從句）Whyhediditwasn'tquiteclear.（主語從句）他為何做那件事還不很清楚。Theplacewhereshelivesisnotknownyet.（定語從句）Whereshelivesisnotknownyet.（主語從句）她住在什么地方，大家還不知道。二、學習定語從句應注意的幾個問題（１）定語從句中關系代詞與先行詞的一致性定語從句中關系代詞一般應與它所指代的先行詞的單復數(shù)保持主謂一致。比方：ThestudentswhowereherejustnowarefromNo,2SeniorMiddleSchool.但注意以下一組句子：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.假如"oneof+復數(shù)名詞"后跟有定語從句，一般狀況下"oneof"后的復數(shù)名詞為先行詞，但當one前有theonly,thevery,justthe修飾時，先行詞則為one。（２）定語從句與重申構造Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一個句子為定語從句，where指代theplace,在定語從句中作狀語，第二個句子為重申構造，重申intheplace,that沒存心義，把intheplace放回后邊句子，句子意思圓滿。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch(重申句型，重申疑問副詞where)。Whereisthewatchthathefoundyesterday.(定語從句，that指代thewatch)（３）定語從句與并列構造Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.I'vegottwoofthemareinShanghai.第一個句子為定語從句，關系代詞whom指代twosons,在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語。第二個句子為并列構造，由并列連詞and連結，人稱代詞them指代twosons。第三個為兩個獨立的句子，兩個句子中間用句號，兩句開頭的處一個字母都大寫。（４）定語從句與狀語從句Hefoundthebookswherehehadput.Hefoundthebooksintheplacewherehehadput.第一個句子為狀語從句，wherehehadput作主句Hefoundthebooks的地址狀語。第二個句子為定語從句，where指引從句修飾theplace。ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatI'dliketoreadit.ThisissuchaninterestingbookasI'dliketoread.第一個句子為結果狀語從句，在結果狀語從句中，it指代book,作read的賓語。第二個句子為定語從句，關系代詞as指代先行詞book的定語從句中read的賓語。（５）定語從句中的先行詞Is

this

book

the

one

that

you

bought

yesterdayIs

this

the

book

that

you

bought

yesterday第一個句子中，this是主句的主語

，

book是主句的主語，theone是先行詞。在第二個句子中thisthebook是先行詞。必定要防止出現(xiàn)：Is

this

book

that

you

bought

yesterday（６）定語從句與同位語從句定語從句相當于形容詞，它對先行詞起修飾、描繪或限制作用，而同位語從句則相當于名詞，它對其前面的詞賞賜說明或作進一步解說，即說明該詞所表示的詳細內(nèi)容。比方：Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.(定語從句)Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.(同位語從句)另：在"havenoidea+從句"構造中，其從句都作idea的同位語。比方：Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.三、掌握定語從句中的時空見解在定語從句的運用中，當其先行詞表示時間或空間見解時，有些學生很簡單想自然地用關系副詞when或where指引，而沒有詳細狀況詳細辦理。所以，應注意以下幾點。（１）從邏輯意義上講，只有從句中的謂語動詞與該先行詞組成動狀（時間、地址）關系時，才能用when或where指引從句；或視不一樣樣狀況以prep.+which代之。比方：1、Thisisthecountrywhere/inwhichEdisonwasborn。（動狀關系）2、I'llneverforgettheyearwhen/inwhichtheterribleearthquakehappened.(動狀關系)3、EnglandwasoneoftheplacesfromwhichthesettlersmovedtoAmerica.(動狀關系)（２）從邏輯意義上看，當從句中的謂語動詞與該類先行詞有主謂關系或動賓關系時，則以which/that或prep.+which指引從句。4、Pleasefollowthecustomofthecountrywhich/thatyouaregoingtovisit.(動賓關系)5、ForeverI'llremembertheyearthat/whichbroughtmehappymemory.(主謂關系)6、HeisgoingtoworkinTibetwhich/thatisfarawayfromHebeiProvince.(主謂關系)（３）從邏輯意義上講，當從句中作主語的名詞與先行詞存在所屬關系時，則用詞whose。7、isgoingtothecountrywhosenameisSweden.(所屬關系)8、Generally,werefertothetimewhosespeedisunchanged.(所屬關系)淺述主動式定語從句的簡化一、定語從句簡化英語表達方式是相當靈巧的，為了表達要言不煩，使表達簡短明快，常用必定的語法手段把句子加以簡化，定語從句被簡化成簡單句就是常有的一種。下邊簡單說說主動式定語從句簡化的幾種狀況。（１）定語從句中的關系代詞為從句主語，其謂語動詞是此刻進行時，可以用此刻分詞短語來簡化。比方：The

manwhois

teaching

us

English

nowgraduated

from

Hubei

University

three

years

ago.-->Themanteachingus...此刻教我們英語的老師三年前畢業(yè)于湖北大學?？墒?，假如定語從句動詞今后沒有介詞作狀語時，此刻分詞常置于中心詞以前。比方：The

countries

which

are

developing

should

get

united.-->The

developing

countries

should...發(fā)展中的國家應當團結起來。（２）把定語從句簡化為此刻分詞短語有以下幾個條件。1、從句的動詞和主句的動作的時態(tài)的一致。比方：Myfatherusedtoworkfortheneighboursthatlivedhere.-->...theneighbourslivinghere.我父親過去常給住在這兒的街坊干活兒。2、從句謂語的動作可以發(fā)生在主句謂語動作以前。比方：Canyoucatchtheearlybuswhichwillleaveat6:00thismorning-->Canyoucatchtheearlybusleavingat...你能追上今日清晨六點鐘走開的早班汽車嗎3、從句和主句的動詞和動作都是泛指的。比方：Chinaisadevelopingcountrywhichbelongstothethirdworld.-->...countrybelongingtothethirdworld.中國是一個屬于第三世界的發(fā)展中國家。4、從句謂語動作一發(fā)生，主句謂語動詞的動作緊接著發(fā)生。比方：Themanwhostoleintothebankwascaughtimmediatelyonthespot.-->Themanstealinginto...溜進銀行盜竊的那個人被立刻就地逮住。（３）假如定語從句中是連系動詞be的一般此刻時或一般過去時，且表語是介詞短語，形容詞短語或名詞短語，可以把它們簡化作中心詞的后置定語。比方：Thefarmershadtofetchwaterfromariverwhichwasamileawayfromthevillage.-->...ariveramileawayfromthevillage.家民們得從離農(nóng)村一里路遠的河里取來水。ThestudentswhowerefromtheMiddleSchoolhavegathered.-->ThestudentsfromtheMiddleschool...來自十四中的學生會合好了。（４）定語從句的謂語是表示程度、時間和方式等的副詞或副詞短語修飾語，在分詞（二者之間用連字號）作中心詞的前置修飾語。比方：

可用副詞和現(xiàn)This

is

amanwhoworks

hard.-->This

is

ahard-working

man.這是一位勤勞工作的人。（５）假如定語從句的動詞是一個一般名詞作賓語時，

可用名詞和此刻分詞

（二者之間須用連字號）作定語來簡化。比方：The

south

of

Hubei

is

an

area

which

grows

rice.The

Sorth

of

Hubei

is

arice-growing

area.（６）定語從句中有一系列并列形容詞作表語，

可簡化成簡單句，

形容詞變?yōu)橹行脑~的前置定語。比方：Aperson

whois

gentle,lovable

and

familiar

is

always

easy

to

get

along

with.-->A

gentle,lovable

and

familiar

person

is

always...一位平和，可愛和熟習的人老是簡單相處。（７）假如定語從句的謂語動詞與中心詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，

動狀關系和主謂關系時，

可以簡化成不定式短語作中心詞的后置定語。比方：Heis

agood

student

with

whomyou

can

study.-->...student

to

study

with.他是一位能一同學習的勤學生。（８）假如定語從句中有定語，也可以簡化成名詞加

have-ed

加賓語被形容詞修飾時，作前置定語。比方：

可以簡化成

with

短語中心詞的后置agirl

whohas

blue

eyes-->agirl

with

blue

>ablue-eyed

girl二、定語從句典型錯誤例析1.【誤】ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.【正】ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputintomymouth.【析】上句應由關系代詞that或which在定語從句中作賓語，已省去。所以，從句中的賓語it節(jié)余。又如：【誤】ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedtherein1977【正】ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.2.【誤】I,whoisaChinese,willdomybestforourcountry.【正】I,whoamaChinese,willdomybestforourcountry.【析】定語從句中謂語動詞的形式應依照先行詞的人稱和數(shù)來確立，保持主謂一致。如：①Mikeisoneofthestudentswhoknowthetruth.(先行詞為students)②Mikeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsthetruth.(先行詞為theonlyone)3.【誤】Allwhatyouhavedoneisnotnecessary.【誤】Allwhichyouhavedoneisnotnecessary.【正】Allthatyouhavedoneisnotnecessary.【析】what不可以指引定語從句。當先行詞是不定代詞（all,something,anything,nothing,everything等），或先行詞受形容詞最高等，序數(shù)詞或last,very等詞修飾時，關系代詞常用that而不用which。如：①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.②Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverythingthathesawinthefactory.4.【誤】Idon'tknowthemanwithwhomybrotheristalking.【正】Idon'tknowthemanwithwhommybrotheristalking.【析】定語從句中，如介詞提早，指人時只用whom，指物時只用which:ThetwothingsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsureweregrammarand

如：someof

the

idioms.5.【誤】HeistheverypersonforwhomIamlooking.【正】Heistheverypersonwho（whom）Iamlookingfor.【析】有些定語從句中的介詞不可以提早，如提早，從句動詞的意義會改變。takecareof,lookup,lookforwardto,askfor,makeup等短語動詞均屬此列。6.【誤】ChinaDailyhasplentyofadvertisements,thathelptocutthecostsofmakingthenewspaper.正】ChinaDailyhasplentyofadvertisements,whichhelptocutthecostsofmakingthenewspaper.【析】在非限制性定語從句中，指物時用which,不用that.7.【誤】Ican'trememberthethingsandpersonswhoImetatthattime.【正】Ican'trememberthethingsandpersonsthatImetatthattime.【析】先行詞既有人又有物時，定語從句用that指引。定語從句誤用辨析1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.2.ThisisthewatchforwhichLiFengislooking.3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.5.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.6.I'vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.8.MyfatherandMrCrossettalkedofthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedintheschool.9.ThisisthesamebaglikeIlostyesterday.10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.11.Thisisoneofthereasons,whyyoumayliketoeatit.12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.13.Theboy,hismotherdied,studiesveryhard.14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.15.We'regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.16.Thecaptain'sheadsoonappearedoutofthesecondstoreywindows,fromwhichhecouldseenothingbuttrees.17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.19.ThenewswhichanewEnglishteacherwillcomemakesusexcited.20.Asweallknowit,heisAmerican.辨析：1、將where改為that或which。定語從句關系代副詞的選擇，一看先行詞，二看其在從句中的成分。本句中visit是及物動詞，which做其賓語。2、把for放在looking今后，當which做短語動詞（即動詞和其介詞不可以分開）的賓語時，介詞不前置。3、who改為whom，只管在口語中who、whom都能做賓語，但在介詞后只用whom。4、that應為which。that不做介賓。5、which改成that。當先行詞有不定代詞something,someone,all等時，由that充任關系代詞，不用which。6、which改為that。當先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little等修飾時，用that,不用which。7、which換成that。當先行詞中有形容詞的最高等、序數(shù)詞，theonly、thevery等時，只用that指引。8、who改為that。假如先行詞既是人又有物時，則用that指引定語從句。9、like改為as。當先行詞里有thesame,such時，用as指引限制性定語從句。10、which代that。that不指引非限制性定語從句。11、去掉逗號。why可以指引定語從句，但不可以用于非限制性定語從句。12、wants改為want。定語從句的謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞一致。13、his改為whose。14、them改為whom,由bothofwhom指引非限制定語，或去掉逗號，both大寫。15、there節(jié)余，去掉。16、fromwhich改為fromwhere。which只表示地址（place）,where(n)可表示地方，空間（space）。17、which改為that或inwhich。18、在Those后添上who，指引定語從句。19、which改為that。本句是同位語從句，that不做成分，只起指引作用。20、去掉it。as作know的賓語，以"heisAmerican"為先行詞。歷屆高考英語單項選擇題精選定語從句parentswouldn’tlethim

marry

anyone

______

family

was

poor.whom

whose

(89)heardaterriblethedarkstreeturnforhelp.

,

noise,there

_______wasn’t

broughtasingle

her

heartperson

into_____

hershe

mouth.(91)could

twhom

whom(92)weather

turned

out

to

be

very

good

,

____

was

more

than

wecouldexpect._

livinghe

ingrew

Pairsupas

fora

fiftychild.

years

he

returned

to

the

small

town

(92)___(96)6．Carol

said

thework