語法專題突破第四講各具特色的句法——從句與句式專題3并列句和狀語從句第二部分1重溫真題2

考點(diǎn)精析3

考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)重溫真題考向1并列句中的并列連詞單句語法填空1．(2019·全國II卷)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,_______becauseIwantto.解析：考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱觥４颂幱胋ut與前文not呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。but2．(四川)Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_______itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.解析：句意：是時(shí)候再生一個(gè)孩子了，熊貓寶寶也到獨(dú)立的時(shí)候了。Itwastimefor...和itwasalsotimefor...之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。and3．(新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays______evenafewmonths.解析：afewdays和afewmonths為選擇關(guān)系，因此要用or連接。4．(廣東)SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch_______toolittle.”解析：neither...nor...既不……也不……，為固定搭配。ornor考向2狀語從句中的從屬連詞單句語法填空1．(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining______hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.解析：考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里?！皊o...that...”意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。so2．(2019·天津卷)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinion__________hewantstheirsupport.解析：考查連詞。句意：湯姆是如此獨(dú)立，以至于他從來不征求父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。unless除非。3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Cornuseslesswater________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.解析：考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。unlessthan4．(全國Ⅲ)Overtime,___________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.解析：as/when當(dāng)……時(shí)，隨著……。5．(四川)Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.___________itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.解析：根據(jù)語境可知，when(當(dāng)……時(shí))和if(如果)用在此處都合適。句意：當(dāng)它哭的時(shí)候/如果它哭了，熊貓媽媽會(huì)來回?fù)u晃它，輕輕拍打，給它安慰。as/whenWhen/If考點(diǎn)精析?框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖?連詞的分類連詞常分為并列連詞(也叫等立連詞)和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列句與并列連詞的核心考點(diǎn)1．并列句的基本概念并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。2．常見的并列連詞(1)表示遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and，notonly...but(also)...等。Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthe(also)spokemoreeasily.(2)表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...等。Eitheryouareright,orIam.(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，where－as等。Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot.(4)表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for等。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.Theshopswereclosed,soIdidn'tgetanymilk.(5)when也可用作并列連詞，意為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：①sb.wasdoingsth.when...；②sb.wasabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...；③sb.had(just)donesth.when...。(這三個(gè)句式when后的分句的時(shí)態(tài)都為一般過去時(shí))Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.(6)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.?從屬連詞與狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句1．before引導(dǎo)的從句中不用否定式謂語。常用如下句型：Itwillbelongbefore...(得過好久才……)Itwillnotbelongbefore...(過不了多久就……)3．a(chǎn)s，when，while用法一覽表類別作用例句asas表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))類別作用例句when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))whilewhile意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí)，兩者可以互換。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)4.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：(1)till，(until)not...until...Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo'clock.(2)hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...表示“剛……就……”Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.(3)directly,immediately,themoment,theminute,theinstant,assoonas意為“一……就……”Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.Themomenthesawhismother,heburstintotears.(4)eachtime,everytimeEachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.二、讓步狀語從句1．a(chǎn)lthough與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。Although/Thoughtheyarepoor，(yet)theyarewarmhearted.2．evenif或eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。I'llgetthereevenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.3．nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上－ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，只能用“疑問詞＋－ever”類詞。Don'ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardtheworkis,you'dbettertrytodoitwell.4．a(chǎn)s也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，需將從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；

作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以倒裝，但although引導(dǎo)的不可以。Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon'tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn'tlifttheheavybox.5．while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”，比though/although語氣弱。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般要位于句首。三、原因狀語從句：because，as，since，nowthat1．表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because，即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI'mleaving?I'mleavingbecauseI'mfedupwiththeboss.2．表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since，即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不太重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于主句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sstart.”3．下列情況下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的問句時(shí)；

(2)在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)；

(3)被not所否定時(shí)。四、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where，wherever等Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.五、目的狀語從句：that，sothat，inorderthat注意：目的狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語從句，不可置于句首。Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlytrain.六、結(jié)果狀語從句：that，sothat，so...that...，such...that...注意：so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句；such＋名詞＋that從句。Sheissogoodthatwealllikeher.Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.七、方式狀語從句：as，asif/thoughI'lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.八、條件狀語從句：if，unless，so/aslongas，incase,once，onconditionthat等Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.九、比較狀語從句：than；(not)as/so...as...；(not)thesameas；the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)Heworksashardasothers.Wetreatboysexactlythesameasgirls.Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.?寫作中并列句和狀語從句易錯(cuò)聚焦一、在寫作中往往缺乏并列句意識(shí)，主要存在以下兩個(gè)方面的傾向：1．機(jī)械排列簡單句IbelieveIamfitforit.I'mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.如果我們把意義相關(guān)的這兩個(gè)句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連接起來，可得到下面的句子：IbelieveIamfitforit,soI'mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.比較一下，同學(xué)們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞的使用可增強(qiáng)句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更加緊湊。2．逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)簡單句I'menthusiaticandeasy－going，I'measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.在該句中含有兩個(gè)簡單句，中間用逗號(hào)起了連接作用，顯然這是不符合英語語法規(guī)則的。我們不妨做如下改動(dòng)：I'menthusiasticandeasy－going，soI'measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.二、對(duì)于狀語從句，在實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)中主要存在以下問題：1．從句意識(shí)缺乏TheExpoisveryattractive.Wearealleagertopayavisittoit.TheExpoissoattractivethatwearealleagertopayavisittoit.通過比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，后句比前句更加緊湊且邏輯性強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)了交際效果。2．狀語從句成分殘缺(誤)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeleavetheclassroom.(正)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.由于受漢語的干擾，第一句中狀語從句中漏掉了主語。3．連接詞誤用(誤)Teachersandparentsshouldrespectusnomatterweareinoroutsideschool.(正)Teachersandparentsshouldrespectuswhetherweareinoroutsideschool.這兩句盡管從漢語角度來看意思相同，但是從語法角度nomatter一般后跟特殊疑問詞，而whether可直接引導(dǎo)狀語從句。(誤)Thoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，butworksarenotwidelyread.(正)Thoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,hisworksarenotwidelyread.在讓步狀語從句中，though和although不能與but連用?？键c(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Youhavetomoveoutoftheway________________thetruckcannotgetpastyou.2．Mikewasusuallysocareful,___________thistimehemadeasmallmistake.3．Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,_______you'llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.4．Atschool,somestudentsareactive_________someareshy，yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.5．Everythingwasplacedexactly_________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.or/otherwiseyet/butandwhilewhere6．Hot_____________thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.7．ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties__________itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.8．___________hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.9．Thedoctortoldthepatienttogoonadiet___________hewasoverweight.10．Thereoncewasaveryrichman.Hewassogeneroustoeverybodyaroundhim________manypeopleinhisneighborhoodknewhim.as/thoughunlessHoweverbecausethatⅡ.語法填空(連詞專練)Mymotherwascookinginthekitchen1._________Iwasdoingmyschoolassignments.NosoonerhadIfinishedmyhomework2.________thedoorbellrang.However，mysisterunlockedthedoor3.__________Icouldopenit.Weweresurprise