計(jì)算機(jī)仿真排隊(duì)系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告(附代碼)14100字

計(jì)算機(jī)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告第一題1.作業(yè)內(nèi)容應(yīng)用排隊(duì)系統(tǒng)流程圖，用C語(yǔ)言編制仿真程序，求解以下問題。修理店只有一個(gè)修理工，來修理的顧客到達(dá)次數(shù)服從泊松分布，平均4人/h；修理時(shí)間服從指數(shù)分布，平均需6min。試求（隨機(jī)數(shù)發(fā)生器采用floatlcgrand(intstream),種子stream為自己學(xué)號(hào)的最后兩位。）：①修理店空閑的概率；②店內(nèi)有三個(gè)顧客的概率；③店內(nèi)至少有一個(gè)顧客的概率；④在店內(nèi)顧客的平均數(shù)；⑤顧客在店內(nèi)的平均逗留時(shí)間；⑥顧客必須在店內(nèi)消耗15分鐘以上的概率。統(tǒng)計(jì)量實(shí)現(xiàn)算法：①修理店空閑的概率；p1=1-area_server_status/sim_timearea_server_status:總服務(wù)時(shí)間（即修理工在這段仿真時(shí)間里非空閑時(shí)間）sim_time:總仿真時(shí)間用1減去非空閑概率，即為空閑概率。②店內(nèi)有三個(gè)顧客的概率；p2=Three_people_time/sim_time增加變量Three_people_time，即有三個(gè)顧客在店內(nèi)的時(shí)間。三個(gè)顧客在店里，也就是說一個(gè)顧客在理發(fā)，兩個(gè)人在排隊(duì)，此時(shí)，無(wú)論是來一個(gè)新的客人或者離開一個(gè)客人，都會(huì)破壞這種三個(gè)人的狀態(tài)，所以我們每次要統(tǒng)計(jì)的，就是這種三個(gè)人的狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間。因此，用到的是time_since_last_event這個(gè)變量，該變量用于統(tǒng)計(jì)兩種狀態(tài)（事件，包括離開和到來）之間的事件。因此，在每次計(jì)算完time_since_last_event之后，考察隊(duì)伍中的人數(shù)是否為2，若為2，則把該段time_since_last_event加到Three_people_time中。仿真結(jié)束時(shí)，用Three_people_time/總仿真時(shí)間，即為店內(nèi)有三個(gè)顧客的概率。③店內(nèi)至少有一個(gè)顧客的概率；p3=p3=1-idle_time/sim_time增加變量idle_time，即店里空閑的概率（沒有顧客），用1減去一個(gè)顧客都沒有的概率，就是至少有一個(gè)顧客的概率。判斷店里空閑的方法是，如果當(dāng)前有一個(gè)顧客來了，他不需要排隊(duì)，就意味著這之前店里是空閑著的。這里仍用到time_since_last_event，在這個(gè)客人來之前的這段時(shí)間店里空閑，因此把這個(gè)時(shí)間段加給idle_time，以此累加，最后得到總的空閑時(shí)間。④在店內(nèi)顧客的平均數(shù)；mean_customer=1.0*num_custs_delayed/sim_time在這里我計(jì)算的是店里平均每分鐘的顧客數(shù)（包括等待的和正在理發(fā)的）。num_cust_delayed是在這段仿真時(shí)間里總共出現(xiàn)的顧客，除以仿真時(shí)間，就是店內(nèi)顧客平均數(shù)。⑤顧客在店內(nèi)的平均逗留時(shí)間；mean_stay_time=(area_num_in_q+area_server_status)/(1.0*num_custs_delayed)對(duì)于任意一位顧客，他在店里逗留的時(shí)間＝排隊(duì)時(shí)間＋理發(fā)時(shí)間。area_num_in_q統(tǒng)計(jì)的是隊(duì)列中的顧客等待的總時(shí)間，而area_server_status統(tǒng)計(jì)的是所有顧客理發(fā)的總時(shí)間，相加就是所有顧客在店里逗留的時(shí)間，除以顧客的人數(shù)，就是顧客平均逗留時(shí)間。⑥顧客必須在店內(nèi)消耗15分鐘以上的概率。p6=1.0*count15/num_custs_delayed增加變量count15，用于統(tǒng)計(jì)在店內(nèi)消耗15分鐘以上的顧客人數(shù)，再增加變量single_cust_time，用于統(tǒng)計(jì)單個(gè)顧客在店內(nèi)消耗的時(shí)間。這里有兩種情況。（1）不用排隊(duì)。那么該顧客在店里消耗的時(shí)間就是理發(fā)時(shí)間，即single_cust_time=time_next_event[2]-sim_time。time_next_event[2]=sim_time+expon(mean_service)。（2）要排隊(duì)。那么single_cust_time=delay+time_next_event[2]-sim_time。delay是當(dāng)前有一位顧客離開時(shí)，得到的下一位將要理發(fā)的顧客（即隊(duì)首顧客）的等待時(shí)間。每一位顧客到店里時(shí)都會(huì)有一個(gè)time_arrival[]將其抵達(dá)時(shí)刻記錄下來，因此，輪到他時(shí)，用sim_time減去time_arrival[]就得到了他等待的時(shí)間。等待時(shí)間加上理發(fā)時(shí)間，就是這位顧客在店里消耗的時(shí)間。以上可計(jì)算出單個(gè)顧客在店里消耗的時(shí)間，與15分鐘比較，若超過，加入count15中，count15除以總?cè)藬?shù)，就是所求概率。對(duì)原程序的修改點(diǎn)：去掉了文件操作，用提示輸入的方式輸入?yún)?shù)，可多次輸入。增加變量count15,Three_people_time,idle_time,single_cust_time。作用見上面六小題具體算法。代碼：#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>#include<stdlib.h>/*#include"lcgrand.h"Headerfileforrandom-numbergenerator.*/#defineQ_LIMIT100/*Limitonqueuelength.*/#defineBUSY1/*Mnemonicsforserver'sbeingbusy*/#defineIDLE0/*andidle.*/intnext_event_type,num_custs_delayed,num_delays_required,num_events,num_in_q,server_status,count15;floatarea_num_in_q,area_server_status,mean_interarrival,mean_service,sim_time,time_arrival[Q_LIMIT+1],time_last_event,time_next_event[3],total_of_delays,Three_people_time,idle_time,single_cust_time,time_since_last_event;/*Thefollowing3declarationsareforuseoftherandom-numbergeneratorlcgrandandtheassociatedfunctionslcgrandstandlcgrandgtforseedmanagement.Thisfile(namedlcgrand.h)shouldbeincludedinanyprogramusingthesefunctionsbyexecuting#include"lcgrand.h"beforereferencingthefunctions.*/floatlcgrand(intstream);voidlcgrandst(longzset,intstream);longlcgrandgt(intstream);voidinitialize(void);voidtiming(void);voidarrive(void);voiddepart(void);voidreport(void);voidupdate_time_avg_stats(void);floatexpon(floatmean);intmain()/*Mainfunction.*/{/*Specifythenumberofeventsforthetimingfunction.*/charchoice;num_events=2;while(1){printf("Starttosimulate?(Y/N)");getchar();scanf("%c",&choice);if(choice=='N')exit(0);printf("\n\nPleaseentertheinterarrivaltime(min):");scanf("%f",&mean_interarrival);printf("\nPleaseentertheservingtime(min):");scanf("%f",&mean_service);printf("\nPleaseenterthenumberofcustomer:");scanf("%d",&num_delays_required);/*Initializethesimulation.*/initialize();/*Runthesimulationwhilemoredelaysarestillneeded.*/while(num_custs_delayed<num_delays_required){/*Determinethenextevent.*/timing();/*Updatetime-averagestatisticalaccumulators.*/update_time_avg_stats();/*Invoketheappropriateeventfunction.*/switch(next_event_type){case1:arrive();break;case2:depart();break;}}/*Invokethereportgeneratorandendthesimulation.*/report();}return0;}voidinitialize(void)/*Initializationfunction.*/{/*Initializethesimulationclock.*/sim_time=0.0;/*Initializethestatevariables.*/server_status=IDLE;num_in_q=0;time_last_event=0.0;/*Initializethestatisticalcounters.*/num_custs_delayed=0;total_of_delays=0.0;area_num_in_q=0.0;area_server_status=0.0;//InitializethevariablesIaddedThree_people_time=0.0;idle_time=0.0;count15=0;/*Initializeeventlist.Sincenocustomersarepresent,thedeparture(servicecompletion)eventiseliminatedfromconsideration.*/time_next_event[1]=sim_time+expon(mean_interarrival);time_next_event[2]=1.0e+30;}voidtiming(void)/*Timingfunction.*/{inti;floatmin_time_next_event=1.0e+29;next_event_type=0;/*Determinetheeventtypeofthenexteventtooccur.*/for(i=1;i<=num_events;++i)if(time_next_event[i]<min_time_next_event){min_time_next_event=time_next_event[i];next_event_type=i;}/*Checktoseewhethertheeventlistisempty.*/if(next_event_type==0){/*Theeventlistisempty,sostopthesimulation.*/printf("\nEventlistemptyattime%f",sim_time);exit(0);}/*Theeventlistisnotempty,soadvancethesimulationclock.*/sim_time=min_time_next_event;}voidarrive(void)/*Arrivaleventfunction.*/{floatdelay;/*Schedulenextarrival.*/time_next_event[1]=sim_time+expon(mean_interarrival);//computewhenthenextpeoplearrive/*Checktoseewhetherserverisbusy.*/if(server_status==BUSY){/*Serverisbusy,soincrementnumberofcustomersinqueue.*/++num_in_q;/*Checktoseewhetheranoverflowconditionexists.*/if(num_in_q>Q_LIMIT){/*Thequeuehasoverflowed,sostopthesimulation.*/printf("\nOverflowofthearraytime_arrivalat");printf("time%f",sim_time);exit(2);}/*Thereisstillroominthequeue,sostorethetimeofarrivalofthearrivingcustomeratthe(new)endoftime_arrival.*/time_arrival[num_in_q]=sim_time;//recordthetimewhenthispersonarrived}else{/*Serverisidle,soarrivingcustomerhasadelayofzero.(Thefollowingtwostatementsareforprogramclarityanddonotaffecttheresultsofthesimulation.)*/delay=0.0;//noneedtowaittotal_of_delays+=delay;idle_time+=time_since_last_event;/*Incrementthenumberofcustomersdelayed,andmakeserverbusy.*/++num_custs_delayed;server_status=BUSY;/*Scheduleadeparture(servicecompletion).*/time_next_event[2]=sim_time+expon(mean_service);//computetheservetimeofthisperson(toknowwhenhewillleave)single_cust_time=time_next_event[2]-sim_time;if(single_cust_time>=15)count15++;}}voiddepart(void)/*Departureeventfunction.*/{inti;floatdelay;/*Checktoseewhetherthequeueisempty.*/if(num_in_q==0){/*Thequeueisemptysomaketheserveridleandeliminatethedeparture(servicecompletion)eventfromconsideration.*/server_status=IDLE;time_next_event[2]=1.0e+30;}else{/*Thequeueisnonempty,sodecrementthenumberofcustomersinqueue.*/--num_in_q;/*Computethedelayofthecustomerwhoisbeginningserviceandupdatethetotaldelayaccumulator.*/delay=sim_time-time_arrival[1];//howlongdoesthispersonwaitinthequeuetotal_of_delays+=delay;//thetotalwaiting-timeofpeopleinthequeue/*Incrementthenumberofcustomersdelayed,andscheduledeparture.*/++num_custs_delayed;time_next_event[2]=sim_time+expon(mean_service);//computetheservetimeofthispersonsingle_cust_time=delay+time_next_event[2]-sim_time;if(single_cust_time>=15)count15++;/*Moveeachcustomerinqueue(ifany)uponeplace.*/for(i=1;i<=num_in_q;++i)time_arrival[i]=time_arrival[i+1];//FIFO,afterthefirstperson'sdeparture,thequeuemoves.}}voidreport(void)/*Reportgeneratorfunction.*/{/*Computeandwriteestimatesofdesiredmeasuresofperformance.*/floatp1,p2,p3,p6,mean_customer,mean_stay_time;p1=1-area_server_status/sim_time;p2=Three_people_time/sim_time;p3=1-idle_time/sim_time;mean_customer=1.0*num_custs_delayed/sim_time;mean_stay_time=(area_num_in_q+area_server_status)/(1.0*num_custs_delayed);p6=1.0*count15/num_custs_delayed;printf("\n\nSingle-serverqueueingsystem\n\n");printf("Meaninterarrivaltime%11.3fminutes\n\n",mean_interarrival);printf("Meanservicetime%16.3fminutes\n\n",mean_service);printf("Numberofcustomers%14d\n\n",num_delays_required);printf("Hereisthereport:\n");printf("\n\n修理店空閑的概率為：%11.3f\n\n",p1);printf("\n\n店內(nèi)有三個(gè)顧客的概率為：%11.3f\n\n",p2);printf("\n\n店內(nèi)至少有一個(gè)顧客的概率為：%11.3f\n\n",p3);printf("\n\n在店內(nèi)顧客的平均數(shù)為%11.3f人每分鐘\n\n",mean_customer);printf("\n\n顧客在店內(nèi)的平均逗留時(shí)間為%11.3f分鐘\n\n",mean_stay_time);printf("\n\n顧客必須在店內(nèi)消耗15分鐘以上的概率為：%11.3f\n\n",p6);printf("Timesimulationended%12.3fminutes\n\n",sim_time);}voidupdate_time_avg_stats(void)/*Updateareaaccumulatorsfortime-averagestatistics.*/{/*Computetimesincelastevent,andupdatelast-event-timemarker.*/time_since_last_event=sim_time-time_last_event;//howmuchtimepastfromthelastevent(arriveordeparture)time_last_event=sim_time;//recordthemomentoflasteventif(num_in_q==2)Three_people_time+=time_since_last_event;/*Updateareaundernumber-in-queuefunction.*/area_num_in_q+=num_in_q*time_since_last_event;//countthetotalwaiting-timeofpeopleinthequeue/*Updateareaunderserver-busyindicatorfunction.*/area_server_status+=server_status*time_since_last_event;//countthetotalserving-time}floatexpon(floatmean)/*Exponentialvariategenerationfunction.*/{/*Returnanexponentialrandomvariatewithmean"mean".*/return-mean*log(lcgrand(3));}/*PrimemodulusmultiplicativelinearcongruentialgeneratorZ[i]=(630360016*Z[i-1])(mod(pow(2,31)-1)),basedonMarseandRoberts'portableFORTRANrandom-numbergeneratorUNIRAN.Multiple(100)streamsaresupported,withseedsspaced100,000apart.Throughout,inputargument"stream"mustbeanintgivingthedesiredstreamnumber.Theheaderfilelcgrand.hmustbeincludedinthecallingprogram(#include"lcgrand.h")beforeusingthesefunctions.Usage:(Threefunctions)1.ToobtainthenextU(0,1)randomnumberfromstream"stream,"executeu=lcgrand(stream);wherelcgrandisafloatfunction.Thefloatvariableuwillcontainthenextrandomnumber.2.Tosettheseedforstream"stream"toadesiredvaluezset,executelcgrandst(zset,stream);wherelcgrandstisavoidfunctionandzsetmustbealongsettothedesiredseed,anumberbetween1and2147483646(inclusive).Defaultseedsforall100streamsaregiveninthecode.3.Togetthecurrent(mostrecentlyused)integerinthesequencebeinggeneratedforstream"stream"intothelongvariablezget,executezget=lcgrandgt(stream);wherelcgrandgtisalongfunction.*//*Definetheconstants.*/#defineMODLUS2147483647#defineMULT124112#defineMULT226143/*Setthedefaultseedsforall100streams.*/staticlongzrng[]={1,1973272912,281629770,20006270,1280689831,2096730329,1933576050,913566091,246780520,1363774876,604901985,1511192140,1259851944,824064364,150493284,242708531,75253171,1964472944,1202299975,233217322,1911216000,726370533,403498145,993232223,1103205531,762430696,1922803170,1385516923,76271663,413682397,726466604,336157058,1432650381,1120463904,595778810,877722890,1046574445,68911991,2088367019,748545416,622401386,2122378830,640690903,1774806513,2132545692,2079249579,78130110,852776735,1187867272,1351423507,164597308