結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)內(nèi)容充實(shí)二：考研寫作應(yīng)對(duì)策略H：結(jié)構(gòu)——注意邏輯圖畫類三大經(jīng)典段落：.圖畫描述段四句首句(總體描述)，1句，第一?段主題句。人物/動(dòng)物/事物+動(dòng)作+環(huán)境，或人物+服裝+表情。Asisvividlyrevealedinthecartoon,...(depicted)(drawing)1998：Asisvividlyrevealedinthecartoon,ahenismakingpromises.2000:Thedrawingsvividlyillustratethechangesofnumbersoffishesandfishing-boatsinthepast100years.2001:Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethatalampisshininginthedarkness/asparkissmilinginthedarkness.4)2002:ThephotovividlyshowsalovelyAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostumewithasweetsmileonherface.2003:Thissetofdrawingsvividlyreflectsthedestinyofadelicateflowerunderdifferentcircumstances.)2004：Itisvividlyillustratedinthecartoonthataboyisrunningontheplayground/makingthefinalspurtalongtheracetrack.2005：Asisvividlydepictedinthedrawing,fouryoungpeopleareplayinga“footballmatch"ofcaringtheirhelplessfatherontheplayground.2006：ThepicturesvividlyrevealthatBeckhamisextremelypopularinChinaatpresent.二、三句描寫畫面(挖掘細(xì)節(jié))1)1998:Whilelayingeggs,sheisproudlypromisesthathereggsareallroundandoval-shapedratherthantwisted.Inaddition,theyareallcomposedofeggwhitesandyolks.2)2000：Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishesandonlyonefishing-boatin1900.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,butagreatmanyfishing-boats.2001:Anoillampisdesignedwithflameshowingachild'ssmile.Itlookssopureandinnocentthatwecanalmostfeelthecareandwarmthfromthesymboloflove.2002:Shewearsribbons,earrings,necklacesandotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristicsoftheclothesofacertainChineseminoritygroup.Besides,thecostumehasaddedorientalcharmtoherbeautifulappearances.寫作部分22003：Inthefirstdrawing,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhichprotectsitfromthethreateningstorm.Bycontrast,whenitexposedtothedrivingrain,thefragrantflowersoonfadesandwithers,withpetalscastaboutontheground.2004：Afteralongjourney,heismakingthefinalspurttowardthefinishingline,sweatpouringdownhisface.Straightaheadliesasignwhichindicatesanewustartingpoint^andencourageshimtocontinuerushingtothenextdestination.7)2005:Inthecartoon,eachofthemstandsinthedifferentcornerofthefield.Theeldersonkicksouttheoldfather,withtheotherthreechildrenguardingtheirgoals.2006：Inthefirstphoto,thereisayoungmanwithBECKHAMonhisface.Inthesecondpicture,thereisanotheryoungmanwhoisdoingBeckham'shaircutinabarber'sshop.Captions:文字說明1)2001：Thecaptionreads,"Loveislikealampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces”.2004:Thecaptionreads,“thefinishinglineisalsothestartingpoint”.2)2003：Weareinformedthatutheflowergrowinginagreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofastorm”.2005:Weareinformedthatitisa“footballmatchingoffinanciallysupporttheelderly".第四句(啟示、總結(jié))Itisobviousthat...Obviously,...Comparingthetwopictureswecanconcludethat...Themeaningconveyedbythepicturesisclearbutprofound:Itisnotdifficulttoconcludethesymbolicmeaningofthepictures...段落實(shí)例1Thissetofdrawingsvividlyreflectsthedestinyofadelicateflowerunderdifferentcircumstances.Inthefirstdrawing,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhichprotectsitfromthethreateningstorm.Bycontrast,whenitisexposedtothedrivingrain,thefragrantflowersoonfadesandwithers,withpetalsscatteringontheground.Weareinformedthat“theflowergrowinginagreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofastorm^^.段落實(shí)例22000年真題(首段描述練習(xí))寫作部分3Directions:A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.B?YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:Describethepictures.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures.Suggestcounter-measures.2.意義闡述段：圖畫作文原則：以小見大，把握象征寓意，個(gè)體想為群體。第一句：TopicSentence主題句，應(yīng)是SymbolicMeaning,即圖畫或圖表的深層含義。Thesymbolicmeaningofthepictureistoshowusthatimportanceshouldbeattachedto...Thepictureillustratestherealmeaningof...,bystressingthefactthat...Undoubtedly,thedrawinghassymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminourdailylife,...1998:Thesymbolicmeaningofthepictureistoshowusthatimportanceshouldbeattachedtothewidespreadmeaninglesspromisesmadebypeoplefromallkindsoflife.2000:Thepurposeofthedraweristoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothedeclineoceanresources.寫作部分42001:Thepictureillustratestherealmeaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusnomatterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.2002：ThefactthatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesareattractedtomysteriousChinesecultureindicatesthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciated,respectedandsharedinternationally.2003：Undoubtedly,thedrawingshavesymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminourdailylife,parents'dotingcaretoonlychildinthecurrentsociety.2004：Thecartoonconveysthemeaningthatlifeislikeaprocessofrunninginwhichoneshouldmakeconstanteffortsandneverstopmakingprogress.7)2005：Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthatutmostimportanceshouldbeattachedtothemistreatmentofseniorcitizens.2006：Thepictureshavesubtlyreflectedthesocialphenomenonthatidolworshipisprevalentamongtheteenagersnowadays.二到四句：論證論證角度(四種角度)①Background背景：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)Withtheglobalization,idolworshipisextremelypopularamongtheadolescents.Withthespeedysocialandeconomicdevelopment,youngstersinmountingnumbersadmirethecelebrities.Withthereformandopening-upinrecentdecadesinChina,youngpeopleinexpandingnumbersadoresuperstars.②Otheisopinion(先提出再駁斥)2001:Whenweusetheword“l(fā)ove”,wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheoppositesex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.2002:Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondonlyanewfashiontrend.Instead,itcarriesculturalmeanings.2003:Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously.2004:Onceapersonstopsmakingprogress,hecanhardlymaintainhispastgloryandsurviveinthiscompetitiveworld.寫作部分5(3)Reason原因2004：Owingtothequickeningpaceoflife,competitiongoesincreasinglyfierceinallwalksoflife,stimulatingeveryonetopursueonegoalafteranother.④Consequence結(jié)果：任何問題都有結(jié)果，結(jié)果一般有利有弊A.2002：Sincethetrendofglobalizationbecomeirresistible,culturalcommunicationcaneffectivelyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.B.2003:Oncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchallengesfromtherealworld,theyarefoundtoospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.論證手段①分析原因：(2?3點(diǎn))Firstandforemost,somepeopleshirktheirdutyoffinanciallysupportingtheiroldandhelplessparentsduetotheirowninterests.Furthermore,someelderlypeopleareoftenill-treatedbytheirownchildrenandcannotleadanormallife,theirparentsareneglectedandreducedtoutterpoverty.(2005年)②舉例論證：Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife.Youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.(2001)③下定義A.2006:Whatisidolworship?Idolworshipisusuallytheadolescents,admirationtofamousstars.B.2003:Inotherwords,anation'suniqueculturecanbecomeinternationalthroughworldwideeconomicandculturalexchanges.④利弊分析段落實(shí)例2Thereisnoreasontomakeafussaboutthisphenomenon.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandeconomy,theworldisbecomingsmaller,andinternationalculturalexchangeshavebecomemoreandmorefrequent,whichisinevitablyimprovingourmutualunderstandingandfriendshipwithothercultures.(2002)3.結(jié)尾(結(jié)論4句)寫作部分6結(jié)論第一句1)2001：Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoareunfortunatethanweare.2)2006:Hence,idolatry,thethought-provokingsocialphenomenon,isadouble-edgedswordwhichcanexertprofoundinfluenceonthegrowthofyoungpeople.Asaconsequence,itisimperativeforustotakeeffectiveactions.Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provokingdrawings.Inmyopinion,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasurestoreversethedisturbingtrendillustratedinthepictures.Thissimplepictureisawake-upcallforthewholeofthehumanrace.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustouseInternetinareasonablewayandrestrainfromoverindulgence.結(jié)論第二句(具體建議措施、個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))2003:Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemoreindependentinlife.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheirchildrenmorefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.2005：Tobeginwith,relevantlawsandregulationsshouldbemadetoseverelypunishthosewhoshirktheresponsibilitiesofcaringtheirparents.Inaddition,weshouldcultivatetheawarenessoftheyoungthatrespectingtheoldhasalwaysbeenthetraditionalvirtueofChineseculture.2006:Itismyviewthat,firstofail,thewholesocietyshouldattachgreatimportancetothesoundgrowthofyoungsters.Furthermore,properguidanceandprotectionofadultsandschoolsarevitaltoteenagers.結(jié)論第三句：（倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)，虛擬語氣）1）2002：Onlyinthiswaycanwepromoteculturaldevelopmentpositivelyandmakeourworlddimensional,colorfulandvigorous.2）2003：Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoilsinadversitycanyoungpeoplecultivatestrongpersonalityandability,andonlyinthiswaycantheybecomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.寫作部分73）2005:Onlyinthiswaycanwecurbthecurrentevilphenomenonrevealedinthepicture.4）Inconclusion,itispersistentworkthatisconducivetoyourgraspingaconsiderablevocabulary.5）Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisonthisphenomenon.圖表類三大經(jīng)典段落類型table（表格圖）piechart（餅狀圖）3.barchart（柱狀圖）linechart（曲線圖）術(shù)語.增加/上升/提高Increase,grow,rise,climb,expand,jump,ascend,surge.減少/下降Decrease,decline,fall,drop,descend,plunge,shrink,collapse.劇烈/顯著/明顯副詞：dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,incredibly,amazingly,substantially詞組：atanalarmingrate,byleapsandbounds,inbigleaps,byawidemargin.緩慢/逐漸gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,moderately.保持平穩(wěn)/不變：remainstable/unchanged.起伏/不變Riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween...and...,aminorfluctuation,smallrisesandfalls/fluctuations段落實(shí)例：1997年：Smoking（健康專題）Interpretthefollowingpictures.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreason寫作部分8Asisshowninthebarchart,thetotalproductionoftobaccointheworldshrankform14.364billionpoundsin1994to14.2billionpoundsin1995.Accordiingtothefiguresgiveninthepiechart,tobaccoconsumersaccountfor20%oftheworldpopulation.Thiscausesgreatharmtous.Finically,itresultsinayearlylossof200billionUSdollarsspentoncigarettes.Physically,about3millionpeopleontheglobedieformsmokingrelateddiseaseseveryyear.第三篇實(shí)戰(zhàn)寫作真題2008年試題：Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andthengiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)寫作部分9寫作步驟：審題(analyzethequestion2mins)構(gòu)思(brainstorm)列提綱(outline)寫作(writeup)檢查(checkup)1)審題第一步：仔細(xì)看圖畫和圖畫說明性文字--確定寫作內(nèi)容，若有生詞，通過山下文推斷意思。第二步：仔細(xì)看題目要求--確定寫作結(jié)構(gòu)2)構(gòu)思第一步：何種話題、怎樣展開、何種論據(jù)第二步：提綱一關(guān)鍵詞一整理思路，形成觀點(diǎn)3)寫作第一段：1)點(diǎn)明主題2)描述圖片13)描述圖片24)中心思想第二段：1)主題句2-4)分析原因5-6)結(jié)果第三段：評(píng)論/措施注意事項(xiàng)：.時(shí)態(tài)：能動(dòng)不靜；能短語不單詞：好詞非難詞.錯(cuò)誤的復(fù)雜句不如正確的簡(jiǎn)單句(詞句多變).寫再次思索后的句子.詞句把握準(zhǔn)確，最好是背過的.選材得體：無需追求新奇思維以情動(dòng)人.第一印象：第一段往往決定分?jǐn)?shù)高低.避免口語及縮略語.同義替換：worthy—valuable/precious.語言修補(bǔ)糾錯(cuò)問題(主謂一致時(shí)態(tài)冠詞單復(fù)數(shù)介詞搭配拼寫錯(cuò)誤)首段：圖畫描述Thescenedepictedinthecartoon,Ifeel,shouldcatchmostviewer'sattention.2)Asisvividlyillustratedinthepictureabove,twodisabledmenarerunningfastthroughteamworkalthougheachofthemhasonlyoneleg.3)Obviously,itisteamworkthatmakesitpossibleforthemtogoanywheretheywant.第二段：意義闡釋4)Simpleasitis,whatthepictureconveystousisthought-provoking.5)Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,competitionisbecomingincreasinglyfierce.3)Itisimpossibleforanyonetofinishaworkallbyhimself.4)Hence,peopleinmountingnumbersputgreatemphasisonteamwork.5)Infact,ithasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthattheabilityof寫作部分10teamworkisthemostessentialqualificationthatanyonewhowantstoachievesuccessshouldpossess.第三段：建議措施6)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthatweshouldcooperatewitheachotherandworktogether.Ifyouunderstandandadheretothisprincipleinyourstudyandwork,youwilldefinitelybenefitgreatly.2009年試題：Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“遠(yuǎn)”與“近”第一段1)Thecartoon,simpleyetcarryingrichmeaning,showsthatmanypeople,oldandyoung,menandwomensurftheInternet,scanningforthelatestnews,chattingwithothers,andplayingonlinegames.2)Theydon'trealizethattheyarebeingimprisonedinseparatedsmallcubicles.Thecaptioninthedrawingreads,utheinternet:nearorfar”.寫作部分II第二段3)Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthattheinternetasacommunicationtoolhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4)Ontheonehand,manypeopleholdaviewthatinternetmakesuscloserthaneverbefore.5)Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,computersandinternetareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylives.6)WecanachieveanimmediatecommunicationviaE-mail,QQ,MSN,ICO.7)Ontheotherhand,othersarguethattheinternetweakensrelationshipamongpeople.Itcanbeeasilyspottedthatsomepeoplemaychatwithtotalstrangersonlineforhours,butmayrefusetotalktotheirfamiliesorfriendsfacetofaceevenforaminute.第三段8)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthatinternetmaydrawusinchesnear,butcouldalsosetusapart.9)Therefore,itisnecessaryforustouseinternetinareasonablewayandtakepromptinitiativestoeliminatethenegativeeffectsconcerned.10)Onlyinthiswaycanwetakeadvantageofinternetandliveinamoreharmonioussociety.2004年試題Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushoulddescribethedrawing,interpretitsmeaning,andsupportyourviewwithexamples.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)寫作部分12第一段：Thedrawingvividlyshowsarunnerwhoismakingaspurttowardsthefinishinglinewhichisalsothepointhehasstartedfrom.Inthedrawing,therunnerisrunningwithpainstakingeffortaroundthetrackofaplayground,sweatpouringdownhisface.Onthegroundtherearetwosignsthatsays“ENDING”and“STARTING”第二段：Thepainterwantstotellusthat,justlikerunning,whateverwearedoing,weshouldneverstopmakingprogress.Firstandformost,itappliestoindividualsasinsuchacompetitiveworldeverybodyistryingtogetahead.Furthermore,thecountryonthewholeshouldmoveforwardintermsofpolitics,economy,andculturesothatweChineseasanationcangainsustainedrespectfromotherpeoples.第三段：Examplestoprovetheviewareabundant.ThemostpersuasivearethecasesoffamousathleteslikeFuMingxiaandDengYaping,whosesuccessisgainedthroughnon-stopefforts.Bycontrast,alotofpeoplechoosetotakearesttoenjoytheirsmallsuccessandthuslosethemotivationforfurtherachievement.Insum,keepingmakingprogressshouldbetherightattitudetowardslifeandworkforeverybodyandeverforacountry.第四篇應(yīng)用文寫作(一)—:題目要求考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出約100詞(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi))的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函，備忘錄，報(bào)告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答。總分10分。二：信函寫作格式：稱呼、落款、正文真題回顧2007年(建議信)PartADirections:Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.DonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletterUse"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(lOpoints)目的Iamsinceretogivesomesuggestionsconcerning...Iamwritingtoadviceyouofimprovingthequalityofyourserviceinthelibrary.委婉提出建議寫作部分13Inmyopinion,ourlibraryshoulddoitsbestto...MyIsuggestthat...?WhatIintendtosuggestisthatwhetheryoucan...表達(dá)希望和謝意Thankyouforyourattentionforthismatter.Ihopethesesuggestionwillbeusefulforyou.例文：Towhomitmayconcern,Asafrequenterofourlibrary,Ihavegreatlybenefitedfromitsresources.Now1amwritingtopresentmysuggestionsonthefurtherimprovementofthelibraryservice.Firstly,Iwouldliketosuggestthatthelibraryshouldpurchasemorebooksrecentlypublished,fortheoutdatedmaterialsareoflittlevaluetothestudent'sstudyandresearch.Secondly,Iwouldalsorecommendyoumaintainstrictorderofthereading-room,fortherearealwayssomestudentschattingandeatingIsincerelyhopethatyouwillfindmysuggestionspracticalandtakethemintoseriousconsideration.Yourpromptattentiontomysuggestionwouldbehighlyappreciated.Sincerelyyours,LiMing總結(jié)：提建議，語言一定要委婉，禮貌，顧及他人的感情。在提出其缺點(diǎn)前，最好先肯定其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。與投訴信的對(duì)比模板（投訴信）Dear ,Iam寫信人的身份。Iamwritingtoexpressmyconcern/dissatisfaction/disappointmentabout...oIamdissatisfiedwith抱怨的具體內(nèi)容because抱怨的原因。Ihavealreadyattemptto自己的方案。Unfortunately,itseemedthat...Allinall,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.BeforeItakeanyfurtheraction,Idohopeyoucantakesomeeffectivemeasurestoimprovethesituation.Sincerelyyours,LiMing2008年（致歉信）Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimalettertomakeanapology,andsuggestasolution寫作部分14Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.DonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletterUse"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)第一部分：表示歉意套語：Iamwritingthislettertoapologizetoyouformyfailingto....Hereismydeepestapologyforforgettingtheappointmentwehadmade.第二部分：說明理由提出彌補(bǔ)措施WouldyoumindifIchangetheappointmenttime?Woulditbeconvenientforyou...?第三部分：Willyoupleaseacceptmyapology?2006年(請(qǐng)求信&申請(qǐng)信)DirectionsYouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtochildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.WriteyourletterwithnolessthanlOOwords.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter;use“LingMing“instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)首段：明確寫作目的。Asa身份，Iamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpme幫助的具體事宜。第二段交待事情緣由Thereasonfor...isthat...Iwouldliketopayfortherelevantexpensebycashorcreditcard.第三段，表達(dá)自己的期盼和謝意ThankyouforyourattentiontotheserequestsYourearlyreplywillbegreatlyappreciatedIamlookingforwardtoapromptreplyfromyou.2005年(辭職信)Directions:TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesign&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakingan寫作部分15apology.WriteyourletterwithnolessthanlOOwords.WriteyourletterwithnolessthanlOOwords.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter;use"LingMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)第一段：寫作目的Iwouldformallyrequesttoresignfrommypresentpostas...IregrettoinformyouthatIdecidedtoresignfrommypresentpositionas...第二段：解釋辭職原因Therearethreefactorsaccountingformydecision.Iquitebecause...I'vebeentrying,butIdon9tthinkIamupforthisjob.第三段：表達(dá)歉意IwanttoapologizefortheinconvenienceIhavecaused.Thankyouforyourattentiontomyrequest.DearMr.Wang,Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutmydecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.IplantoleavemyjobhereonSeptember30th.Therearese