書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝。句意：只有深度閱讀，讀者才有可能理解文章全部意思。Only出現(xiàn)在句首的時候，句子是要用部分倒裝的，B選項(xiàng)是完全倒裝，所以排除；D是陳述語序，也要排除；部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分，如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等放到主語前，所以答案選A。

2.單選題

He（）threehoursinthesnowtogetbackhome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trudged

B.grudged

C.judged

D.fudged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trudge“跋涉”；B選項(xiàng)grudge“（因不滿而）不愿意給（或允許）”；C選項(xiàng)judge“判斷；猜測（大小、數(shù)量等）”；D選項(xiàng)fudge“含糊其辭，模糊處理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三個鐘頭才回到家。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。amiable“和藹可親的,親切的”;obsolete“廢棄的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激進(jìn)的,有進(jìn)取心的”;harmonious“和諧的,和睦的”。句意:國際體育運(yùn)動應(yīng)該在各國之間建立友好關(guān)系,但在現(xiàn)在的奧運(yùn)會組織中,某種程度上鼓勵了激進(jìn)的愛國主義。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

4.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們原意是打算談?wù)摴ぷ鞯?，但是不知不覺就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.

B.IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.

C.Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.

D.Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.

B.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.

C.Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.

D.Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.

B.Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.

C.Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.

D.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Learntoplaythem.

B.Listentothemyourself.

C.Takemusiclessons.

D.Consultjazzmusicians.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Excuseme.Where’syourrockmusicsection?

W:Rockmusic?I’msorry,we’rea,jazzstore.Wedon’thaveanyrockandroll.

M:Oh,youonlyhavejazzmusic?Nothingelse?

W:That’sright.[1]We’retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually,we’remorethanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafeandlibraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall,whereyoucanbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also,wehaveourownstudionextdoor,whereweproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.We’recommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent.

M:Wow!That’ssocool![2]Iguessthere’snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore.Notliketheyusedtobe,buthereyou’retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre.

W:Yes,indeed,nowadaysmostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalsogettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresult,there’refewerlistenersofjazz,whichisagreatshame,becauseit’sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat’snottosaythereisn’tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthereanymore.Farfromit.It’sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday.

M:Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz?

W:Well,interestinglyenough,[3]there’snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed,therearemanydifferentstylesofjazz.Somehavesinging,butmostdon’t.Someareelectricandsomearen’t.Somecontainliveexperimentation,butnotalways.Whilethere’snosimpledefinitionforit,andwhilethere’remanydifferentstylesofjazz,yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit.[4]Honestly,theonlywaytoknowwhatjazzis,islistentoityourself.Asagreattrumpetplayer,LouisArmstrongsaid,ifyougottaask,you’llneverknow.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sstore?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士商店的信息。對話開頭，女士提到他們是倫敦唯一專門經(jīng)營爵士樂的唱片店，因此D選項(xiàng)“它只專注于爵士樂”正確。A選項(xiàng)“展出新音樂人才的專輯”最具有干擾性，主要是利用錄音中的newmusictalent設(shè)干擾，女士只是說他們致力于培養(yǎng)新的音樂人才，在錄音室為他們制作專輯，并沒有提到她的店展出新音樂人才的專輯，因此A選項(xiàng)錯誤；B選項(xiàng)“它在倫敦有幾家分店”以及C選項(xiàng)“它贊助大型爵士音樂會”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于爵士樂，男士說了什么？男士說現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有多少爵士樂的音樂圈子了，意在表達(dá)爵士樂不那么流行了。因此A選項(xiàng)“它的市場現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)萎縮”符合男士的說法。B選項(xiàng)“它起源于牛仔”在錄音中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“它仍然像嘻哈音樂一樣廣泛傳播”，錄音說現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)年輕人喜歡聽流行音樂和搖滾音樂，美國的嘻哈音樂也越來越受歡迎，爵士樂的聽眾越來越少，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“它的聽眾大多是年輕人”，錄音中只是提及年輕人喜歡聽流行音樂和搖滾音樂，并沒有說爵士樂的聽眾也是年輕人，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于爵士樂，女士說了什么？女士在回答什么是爵士樂時提到，人們對爵士樂并沒有一致的定義，也就是說“爵士樂的定義是多樣的，復(fù)雜的”，D選項(xiàng)是錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的風(fēng)格基本上沒有變化”，錄音提到爵士樂有很多不同的風(fēng)格，但并未提及風(fēng)格沒有變化，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“它仍在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)”，利用錄音中的experimentation設(shè)干擾，錄音只是說爵士樂的風(fēng)格中有些包含現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn)音樂，并不是說音樂在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此B選項(xiàng)錯誤；C選項(xiàng)“它經(jīng)常伴有歌聲”與錄音中說的“有些有演唱，但大多數(shù)沒有”不符，因此錯誤。

4.Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎么做才能欣賞不同風(fēng)格的爵士樂？錄音最后，女士提到，要知道爵士樂是什么，唯一的方法就是自己去聽，因此B選項(xiàng)“自己聽”正確。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)會演奏”；C選項(xiàng)“上音樂課”以及D選項(xiàng)“咨詢爵士音樂家”均未在錄音中提及，因此不正確。

6.翻譯題

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救濟(jì)金過活的人工資更低，人生后期也會經(jīng)歷更多次的失業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄冊谛愿裥纬善谝呀?jīng)失去了獲得技能和自信的機(jī)會。

2.有兩個因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的長期放緩生產(chǎn)速度減少了對勞動力的需求，年輕人比老員工更容易被解雇。其次，在新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，勞動力市場功能失調(diào)的國家，如印度和埃及，人口增長卻最快。

3.有些公司經(jīng)歷了衰退的整個過程，卻仍然抱怨找不到合適的年輕技術(shù)工人。這強(qiáng)調(diào)了另外兩個解決方案的重要性：改革勞動力市場和改善教育。這些措施廣為人知，但是要做出這些改革，還需要新的勇氣和新策略。

4.更廉價的方法是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)中急需勞動力的企業(yè)——例如，簡化小型企業(yè)的注冊程序，簡化建筑公司招標(biāo)的審批程序，讓商店更容易地在晚上照常營業(yè)等等。

5.重要的不僅是人們受教育的年限，還有教育的內(nèi)容。這意味著擴(kuò)大科技研究，縮小理論教育和實(shí)際用工之間的差距。比如，可以通過升級職業(yè)教育和技術(shù)教育，將學(xué)校和公司更緊密地聯(lián)系起來等等方式加以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

6.應(yīng)用技術(shù)也可以減少培訓(xùn)成本：可將培訓(xùn)設(shè)計成電腦游戲，從而讓年輕人得到虛擬體驗(yàn)。同時，在線課程可以幫助學(xué)徒把在職培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容與大學(xué)課程融合起來。

7.政府正努力解決教育和勞動力市場之間的不匹配問題。公司開始在投資年輕人方面承擔(dān)起更多的責(zé)任。應(yīng)用某些技術(shù)也有助于推行教育和培訓(xùn)的民主化。

7.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-H,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-Hinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.

1.Homemedicalaids（）.

2.Regularamountsofexercise（）.

3.Feelingsofcontroloverlife（）.

4.Feelingsofloneliness（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:E

第3題:H

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第八段第一句，“Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.”，許多老年人在生活中越來越具獨(dú)立性，這可能與越來越多地使用簡單的家庭醫(yī)療設(shè)備有關(guān)?？膳袛喑黾彝サ囊恍┽t(yī)療設(shè)備讓老年人變得更加獨(dú)立。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第九段第一句，“Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning…”，每天保持一定程度的鍛煉活動可能有助于維持腦力功能?？膳袛喑鲇幸?guī)律的鍛煉有助于防止腦力衰退。選項(xiàng)E符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段，“Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.”，在做駕駛等具有挑戰(zhàn)性活動的實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬中，那些感覺能掌控自己生命的人會分泌出如皮質(zhì)醇之類的較低水平的壓力荷爾蒙。可判斷出掌控生命的感覺可以使人在困境中減輕壓力。選項(xiàng)H符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句，“Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.”，感到孤獨(dú)的老年人即使在睡覺時也會保持較高水平的壓力荷爾蒙。可判斷出孤獨(dú)感會增加壓力荷爾蒙的水平。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：C;haddevoted

9.單選題

Anearthquakeisashakingoftheground（）whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichoccurring

B.itoccurs

C.andthereforeoccurring

D.thatoccurs

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)which是多余的，occurring是分詞作定語，不需要引導(dǎo)詞；B選項(xiàng)it不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；C選項(xiàng)語法混亂；根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)選擇D選項(xiàng)“thatoccurs”，whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：地震是一種地面的震動……當(dāng)?shù)厍虮砻嫦碌拇髩K巖石改變位置。因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)discharged“排出，卸貨”；B選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄，廢棄”；C選項(xiàng)disposed“處理，配置”；D選項(xiàng)dumped“傾銷，拋售”。

句意：當(dāng)一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價值的價格引進(jìn)另一個國家時，就被視為傾銷。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easiertosee):Waterfountains,restrooms,andrestaurantswereoftendesignated“whiteonly”.

IntheNorth,discriminationwasusuallylessobvious,butcertainlyit_4_poorblackneighborhoods,ghettos,inmostlargecities.Thishappenedbecauseofdiscriminationinhousingandthemovementofwhitecity_5_tothesuburbs,oftencalled“whiteflight”.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogain_6_treatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotection_7_housing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenot_8_fortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisone_9_toinequalityineducation._10_,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surge

B.movement

C.change

D.shift

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toward

B.at

C.against

D.on

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.associated

C.related

D.referred

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.did

B.created

C.resulted

D.led

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.persons

B.citizens

C.residents

D.visitors

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.fair

B.good

C.excellent

D.best

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.on

D.at

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.much

C.rich

D.abundant

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.response

B.solution

C.field

D.correspondence

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Naturally

C.Consequently

D.Fortunately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】第1題:考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surge“洶涌：用力向某一特定方向快速移動”；B選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動，活動”；C選項(xiàng)change“改變”；D選項(xiàng)shift“移動：把某物從一個位置或地方移到另一個位置或地方”。句意：然后人口（）到北方的大城市。前文里面提到黑人主要生活在美國南部，后面說“奴隸制在那里更為普遍，歧視通常更為明顯（更容易看到）”再結(jié)合第二段開頭“在北方，歧視通常不那么明顯……”，所以可以判斷出應(yīng)該是南方的黑人轉(zhuǎn)移到了北方，這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否用特定的方式快速移動，所以A選項(xiàng)錯誤；且空格后有to，一般shift和to搭配。D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查固定搭配。句意：關(guān)于黑人的偏見總是（）南方。這里的名詞Prejudice一般和介詞against搭配，所以答案選C。

第3題:考查固定搭配。句意：關(guān)于黑人的偏見總是（）南方?？崭窈竺嬗薪樵~with；選項(xiàng)中能和with搭配的只有B選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B。

第4題:考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)did“確實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造”；C選項(xiàng)resulted“導(dǎo)致”；D選項(xiàng)led“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。句意：因?yàn)榇_實(shí)，它（）不富裕的黑人鄰居以及貧民窟。這里根據(jù)上下文意思，北方的歧視雖然不那么明顯但是還是存在，所以造成了有貧民窟現(xiàn)象。所以答案選B。Do是助動詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)是不及物動詞后面得接介詞再接賓語，所以不選；lead單獨(dú)使用的時候“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引領(lǐng)”的意思，leadto才是導(dǎo)致的意思，所以D選項(xiàng)不能選。

第5題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persons“人”；B選項(xiàng)citizens“市民，公民”；C選項(xiàng)residents“居民”；D選項(xiàng)visitors“游客”。句意：這是因?yàn)樽》糠矫娴钠缫?，以及城市白人（）遷往郊區(qū)，這通常被稱為“白人外逃”。這里根據(jù)上下文詞義填“居民”最為合適，所以答案選C，因?yàn)榭崭袂懊嬗衏ity修飾，如果再填citizens會造成語義重復(fù)，所以B選項(xiàng)不選。

第6題:考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)fair“公平的”；B選項(xiàng)good“好的”；C選項(xiàng)excellent“卓越的，杰出的”；D選項(xiàng)best“最好的”。句意：黑人為得到（）對待而戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)下文中的inequalityineducation可知這里黑人追求的是各個方面的平等。

第7題:考查介詞意思。句意：現(xiàn)在他們在住房、教育、工作方面有了法律保證。這里根據(jù)句意，這里填的詞義應(yīng)該是“在……方面”，所以答案選B。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adequate“足夠的”；B選項(xiàng)much“大量的”；C選項(xiàng)rich“富有的，肥沃的”；D選項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的”。句意：很多黑人都覺得他們孩子的教育機(jī)會不（）。根據(jù)上文所描述的，黑人為自己的權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)，已經(jīng)取得成效了，但是在教育方面他們覺得他們孩子接受教育的機(jī)會不夠，所以答案選A；這里所選的詞匯要用來修飾opportunity，而C、D選項(xiàng)一般用來形容資源豐富；B選項(xiàng)一般用作副詞，也一般不用作表語，所以不能選。

第9題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)response“反應(yīng)，回答”；B選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案”；C選項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域，場地”；D選項(xiàng)correspondence“通信，一致，相當(dāng)”。句意：用校車把孩子們從一個社區(qū)送到另一個社區(qū)是對教育不平等的一種（）。承接上文，黑人因?yàn)樽约旱纳鐓^(qū)之間隔離起來了覺得自己孩子的教育機(jī)會不夠，所以用巴士將社區(qū)之間連接起來就是解決教育資源不平等的方法了，所以答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)代入句中不符合句意。

第10題:考查副詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”；B選項(xiàng)Naturally“自然而然的”；C選項(xiàng)Consequently“因此，所以”；D選項(xiàng)Fortunately“幸運(yùn)的”。句意：（），所有的父母都想讓他們的孩子接受最好的教育。上句內(nèi)容是解決教育不平等的方案，這句內(nèi)容是父母希望孩子接受最好的教育，兩句之間不存在因果關(guān)系，排除A、C選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意，排除D選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B。

12.單選題

TheEuropeanunion,inparticular,Germany,aresearchingopportunitiestohelpUkraine（）itseconomy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spray

B.sponsor

C.stiffen

D.stabilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)spray表示“噴射”；B選項(xiàng)sponsor表示“贊助，發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)stiffen表示“變硬，變猛烈”；D選項(xiàng)stabilize表示“穩(wěn)固，安定”。由句意可知，歐盟，尤其是德國，正在尋找機(jī)會幫助烏克蘭穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此，stabilize的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Thecaptainoftheshipenteredthedetailsinthe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lounge

B.log

C.motel

D.shipwreck

【答案】B

【解析】lounge休息室；log航行日志,記錄；motel汽車旅館；shipwreck海難,遇難船。句意:船長把詳細(xì)情況寫進(jìn)了航海日志。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配burstinto“突然進(jìn)入……”，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除，into后接一個名詞，theopen作名詞形式。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demur

B.division

C.compliance

D.discern

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demur“異議；反對”；B選項(xiàng)division“除法；部門；分配；分裂；分割；賽區(qū)”；C選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”；D選項(xiàng)discern僅可做動詞，意為“覺察出；識別；了解；隱約看見；辨別”。句意：不開明的獨(dú)裁管理者很少意識到民主管理的工作團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間嚴(yán)重沖突程度較低的一個關(guān)鍵原因：對異見的少量容忍往往可以防止出現(xiàn)裂痕。rift“裂縫；不和；裂口”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（）off.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驅(qū)逐”;separated“分開,隔開”;screen“篩,過濾,屏蔽”。句意:來自外太空的各種宇宙射線透過大氣層到達(dá)地球,但是太陽所發(fā)出的大量輻射都被過濾掉了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

17.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。harbor“庇護(hù)；懷有”；A選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖；打碎”；B選項(xiàng)shovel“鏟除；用鏟挖”；C選項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù)；使掩蔽；庇護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)shuttle“使穿梭般來回移動；短程穿梭般運(yùn)送”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人，否則他們可能會被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”，可推知harbored在這里有“庇護(hù)”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Forcenturiescoalhasbeenoneofthemostimportantfuels,anditstillis,althoughitislessimportantnowthanitoncewas.Otherfuels,notablypetroleumandnaturalgas,arereplacingit.Butcoalisstillwidelyusedfordomesticheatingandinpowerstationsforgeneratingelectricity.Enormousquantitiesofcoalaremadeintogas,andforuseinmetal-smeltingfurnaces,andelsewhere.Andcoalprovidesvaluablerawmaterialsforthechemicalindustry,too.Buthereagain,petroleumandnaturalgasaresupplantingcoal.

Weminecoalfromtheground,justasweminemineralsandores.Thedepositsmaylieonorjustbelowthesurfaceordeepunderground.Itisincoal-miningthatthegreatestadvancesinminingmethodshavetakenplace.Continuousminingmachineshewthecoalfromthecoalface,whereoncetheminersslaved.Lengthyconveyorsystemsconveyawaythehewcoal.Dieselandbatterylocomotiveshaulwagonsalo