書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themotherseparatedthequarrellingchildren,andgaveeachofthemasharp______.

問題1選項

A.punch

B.pinch

C.puppy

D.pumpkin

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.punch重拳擊打，吸引力B.pinch捏，掐

C.puppy小狗，幼犬D.pumpkin南瓜

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前半句意思“母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開”可知，gaveeachofthemasharp______中的空格應(yīng)該表示與“教訓(xùn)”相近的意思，四個選項中只有B項符合。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項程度太深，不符合這里的語境；

C、D選項不符合句意。

【句意】母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開，并狠狠地掐了他們一下。

2.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過學(xué)習(xí)，才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動詞辨析。retain保留；gain獲得，贏得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采?。ㄗ詈螅┦侄?；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行為）獲得，得到。該處為一個動詞，賓語為“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D項符合句意。

3.單選題

Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlies______ill-informedorincompetentusers.

問題1選項

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定詞組。A項liein“在于，睡懶覺”，B項lie沒有與at搭配的用法；C項liewith“取決于，是……的權(quán)利”，D項lieon“位于，壓迫，依賴”。句意：目標是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者沒有考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當。故正確答案為C。

4.單選題

He（

）himselfasgentleandromantictowardawomanhewastryingtoimpress.

問題1選項

A.expressed

B.conveyed

C.demonstrated

D.presentedf

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:他他對待女性溫柔且浪漫，他也正努力地給人留下這樣的印象。

express:表達，表示，表露。convey:傳達，運輸。demonstrate:證明，證實，論證。present:提出，提交，提供。因此A項符合句意,在句子中語義為“認為”。

5.單選題

Ateamofresearchers（）theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.

問題1選項

A.address

B.interact

C.wonder

D.react

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。address“處理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反應(yīng)”。句意：一組研究人員把這種疾病和被污染的牛奶聯(lián)系起來。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresupersededbybrilliant,black-on-orangedesignsandorangepolychromes.Theseinturnweresupersededbyblack-on-yellowtypesquitedifferentindesign,layout,andexecutionfromanyotherPuebloware.Bytheadditionofredtothis,apolychromewasproduced.Itsmoderncounterpartisinconstantdemandinshopsthroughoutthecountry.ItiscalledSikyatkiPolychromeafterthefirstmajorarchaeologicalexcavationintheHopicountry.

IncontrasttothealmostexclusivelygeometricnatureofotherPueblowares,thelateprehistoricHopiyellowsandpolychromesarecharacterizedbystartling,sweepingcurvilinearmotifs;bird,animal,floral,andhumanrepresentations;andreligiousmasksandceremonialscenes.TheirfreedomofrenditioniscompletelyatvariancewiththecanonsofallotherprehistoricPuebloschoolsofpotterydesign,exceptforthecontemporaryMimbreswareinwesternNewMexico,whichsharedsome,butfarfromallofthefreedomfromestablishedtradition.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?

問題1選項

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.

問題2選項

A.NorthAmericanWest

B.qualityofakindofpottery

C.Hopiculture

D.modernworld

問題3選項

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.

問題4選項

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.

問題5選項

A.Birdrepresentations.

B.Commonweapons.

C.Ceremonialscenes.

D.Humanfigures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.A.霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)。

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.B.在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器。

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.C.霍皮人在繪制陶器時使用的各種圖案和顏色。

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.D.霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計的陶器的關(guān)系。

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名”，隨之，作者介紹了不同時期下霍皮彩陶的特點，包括它們使用的色彩和圖案，所以整篇文章主要討論的就是霍皮人在彩繪陶器中使用的圖案和色彩，所以該題選擇C選項“霍皮人在繪制陶器時使用的各種圖案和顏色”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)”，原文沒有提到霍皮人的銷售技術(shù)，該項無中生有；

B項“在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器”和D項“霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計的陶器的關(guān)系”只是原文中的某一個方面，不是主要內(nèi)容，以偏概全。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.2.第一句中的it指的是______。

A.NorthAmericanWestA.北美西部

B.qualityofakindofpotteryB.一種陶器的品質(zhì)

C.HopicultureC.霍皮文化

D.modernworldD.現(xiàn)代世界

【答案】B

【考查點】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至首段第一句“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名；因此，在北美西部的土著世界也被人們所知并被高度重視”，從中可知，這里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶，所以該題選擇B項“一種陶器的品質(zhì)”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“北美西部”由解題思路可知，該項曲解原文；

C項“霍皮文化”和D項“現(xiàn)代世界”在該句都沒有提及，無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?3.在第一段中，關(guān)于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么說的？

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.A.它被運往世界各地。

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.B.它的昂貴價格使它很難購買。

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.C.它的黑白設(shè)計很少見。

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.D.它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似。

【答案】D

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“大約在公元1300年以前，霍皮人國家的陶器僅僅是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種”可知，霍皮陶器是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種，這也就是說霍皮陶器其實和其他普韋布洛陶器相似。因此，該題選擇D項“它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“它被運往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“它的現(xiàn)代版（moderncounterpart）在全國各地的商店里不斷地有需求”，從moderncounterpart（現(xiàn)代版）可知這并不是公元1300年以前的事情，該項曲解原文；

B項“它的昂貴價格使它很難購買”在原文并沒有提到關(guān)于霍皮彩陶的價格，該項無中生有；

C項“它的黑白設(shè)計很少見”，定位第一段第四句“考古學(xué)家們鐘愛黑白圖案，但相對來說并不出眾（relativelyundistinguished）……”可知，黑白圖案的設(shè)計只是并不出眾，而不是很少見，該項曲解原文。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?4.根據(jù)這篇文章，霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進步發(fā)生在什么時候？

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.A.在十三世紀之前的幾年里。

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.B.在十三世紀的頭幾十年里。

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.C.在十四世紀初。

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.D.在十四世紀中期。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三四句“然后，隨著十四世紀的到來，藝術(shù)出現(xiàn)了爆炸性的發(fā)展（cameanartisticexplosion）?？脊艑W(xué)家們鐘愛的黑白圖案，但相對來說并不出眾，后來被明亮的顏色所代替，出現(xiàn)了彩陶。”可知，十四世紀的到來，霍皮陶器取得了重大進步，這也就是說霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進步發(fā)生在十四世紀早期。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在十三世紀之前的幾年里”和B項“在十三世紀的頭幾十年里”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項屬于曲解原文；

D項“在十四世紀中期”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?5.以下哪一項沒有被提到作為霍皮彩陶的設(shè)計？

A.Birdrepresentations.A.鳥禽描繪。

B.Commonweapons.B.普通武器。

C.Ceremonialscenes.C.儀式場景。

D.Humanfigures.D.人體畫像。

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第二段第一句“與其他普韋布洛人的幾乎完全的幾何性質(zhì)相比，史前晚期的霍皮黃陶和彩陶以驚人的、廣泛的曲線圖案為特征，表現(xiàn)元素多為鳥、動物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場景”可知，霍皮彩陶的圖案多為鳥、動物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場景，只有B項“普通武器”沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A項“鳥禽描繪”、C項“儀式場景”和D項“人體畫像”由解題思路可知，這三項都是霍皮彩陶的圖案，屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

Incontrasttorockmusicians,jazzplayersprefertospendtheirtimewiththeirmusicandtendtomeasuresuccessbythatsinglestandard,asatrombonistonceputit:“Ajazzmusicianwouldratherplayagoodconcertforthreepeoplethanabadoneforthreethousand.”Allthesame,withtheirfellowplayers,jazzmenarecollegiateandgregarious,exchangemusicalideasinaspiritofmutualsupportorfriendlycompetition,unitinginacollaborativeefforttoraisetheleveloftheirart.Eventhegreatestindividualshavebenefitedfromthetalentsofothers.

Inthislegendaryband,DukeEllingtonprovidedstarsoloistswiththeidealframeworkfortheirabilities.Atthesametime,theyinspiredhimwiththerichmaterialoftheirpersonalidiomsandphrases,whichfoundtheirwayintohiscompositions.Infact,Ellingtonwassoadeptatrecyclingwhatheheardthatoneofthemdescribedhimas"notacomposerbutacompiler".

Ellington'screativegiftsweregenuineandvast,butformuchofhislifehedidreceivecrucialassistancenotonlyfromtheinvolvementofhisband,butfromanactualday-in,day-outcollaborator.In1938hemetBillyStrayhorn,ayoungpianist-composerwhowasimmediatelybroughtintotheducalfold.StrayhornbecameEllington'salteredego,contributingscorestothebandbutfunctioningevenmoreimportantlyasasilentpartner,completingpiecesEllingtonleftunfinished,reworkingothersandactingasall-purposecomposer—sometimescredited,moreoftennot.

EllingtonprovidedStrayhornwithfinancialsecurity,artisticrespectandthecreativemediumoftheEllingtonband.Throughouttheirpartnership—whichlasteduntilStrayhorn'sdeathin1967—theyneverhadacontract.Ellingtonsimplypaidallcreativeequalandfriends,describinghimas"myfavoritehumanbeing",Strayhorn,ahomosexualbonvivant,brilliantbutself-effacing,letEllingtontakeboththegloryandthestrainofstardom,whileherelievedsomeoftheartisticpressurewithatalentcomparabletotheleader'sown.

Thoughoccasionallytherewasdiscordoverthematterofofficialcomposercreditintheirjointworks,Ellingtonalwayspubliclyacknowledgedhiscolleague'scontributions,andthemanyStrayhornoriginalsinEllington'sbookspeakforthemselves,includingtheband'sfamousthemeandgreatesthit,"TaketheTrain".Thoughttheyoungmanwasadeptatimitatingtheducalstyle,hisownuniquevoice,fullofsubtleimpressionistcolors,influencedagenerationoflaterjazzcomposers.

1.Accordingtothearticle,jazzmen（）

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutDukeEllington?

3.OftheStrayhorn/Ellingtonrelationship,theauthorbelieves（）

4.Theauthorfeelsjazzmusicians（）

5.ItisindicatedthatBillyStrayhorn（）

6.Thetitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

7.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"hit"inthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.competefiercelywitheachother

B.arenotsociablewhentheyarewiththeirfellowplayers

C.refusetoexchangeideasaboutmusicwiththeirfellowplayers

D.collaboratealotwiththeirfellowplayerstoimprovetheleveloftheirart

問題2選項

A.Herefusedtocollaboratewithbutafewtalentedmusicians.

B.Hehadlittlenaturaltalentbutratherusedother'sgeniusforhisownpurposes.

C.HeenteredintoacollaborativerelationshipwithBillyStrayhornthatsuitedbothmen.

D.Heoftenutilizedmaterialfromlesserknownmusicianswithoutproperacknowledgement.

問題3選項

A.bothmenwereultimatelydissatisfiedwiththeirworkingarrangement

B.Strayhornwasrespectedandwellcompensatedforhiscontributionstotheband

C.StrayhornprovidedthebulkofthecreativetalentwhileEllingtonreceivedthepublicrecognitionfortheireffort

D.whiletheirprofessionalrelationshipwasproductive,theirpersonalitiesoftenclashed,puttingastrainontheirrelationship

問題4選項

A.striveforcommercialsuccessovermusicalaccomplishment

B.differfromrockmusiciansintheirabilitytoraisetheleveloftheirmusic

C.aretraditionallysoloistswhogainlittlefromcooperativecollaboration

D.gainmuchthroughmutualcollaboration,althoughoftenindividualists

問題5選項

A.wrotemanyfamoussongsandoftenattributedtoDukeEllington

B.endedhisworkwithDukeEllingtonamidtensionandfrustration

C.struggledfinanciallyasheneverreceivedpropercreditforhiswork

D.wasbasicallyknownforintegratingdifferentjazzthemesintoalargercompilation

問題6選項

A.JazzmenStrayhornandEllingtonWalkAlone

B.AClassicCollaborativeEffortduringJazz'sFinestHour

C.StrayhornandEllington:anUnequalandFrustrationCollaboration

D.JazzIsNeverPlayedinGroup:EllingtonandStrayhornTelltheWorld

問題7選項

A.Asuccessfulplay

B.Strikingvigorously

C.Asongthatwaswelcomedbythepublic

D.Aheadlineprintedprominentlytodrawthepublicattention

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞jazzmen定位到第一段的第二句“withtheirfellowplayers,...raisetheleveloftheirart.”爵士樂手與其他樂手合二為一，彼此交流音樂思想，互相支持，互相競爭，團結(jié)協(xié)作，共同提高自己的藝術(shù)水平。選項D符合原文。

第2題:細節(jié)判斷題。選項A在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Ellington'screativegiftsweregenuineandvast.”Ellington的創(chuàng)造天賦是真實而且巨大的，可知選項B錯誤；根據(jù)第三段的“StrayhornbecameEllington'salteredego.”可知Ellington和Strayhorn建立了良好的合作關(guān)系，選項C正確；選項D他經(jīng)常在沒有得到適當允許的情況下利用一些不知名音樂家的材料，與原文描述的他總是受到別人的啟發(fā)，從而找到了自己作品的方向不符，所以選項D錯誤。

第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文第三四段的內(nèi)容可知，兩個人一直保持著良好的合作關(guān)系，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第四段的第一句“EllingtonprovidedStrayhornwithfinancialsecurity,artisticrespectandthecreativemediumoftheEllingtonband.”可知選項B符合原文；選項C與原文描述不符，選項D曲解了最后一段的第一句的原意。

第4題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Eventhegreatestindividualshavebenefitedfromthetalentsofothers.”即便是最偉大的個人也能從別人身上受到啟發(fā)。選項D符合原文。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“l(fā)etEllingtontakeboththegloryandthestrainofstardom,whileherelievedsomeoftheartisticpressurewithatalentcomparabletotheleader'sown.”選項B符合原文。

第6題:主旨題。文章首段講了爵士樂手的特性，提出一個主要觀點：即使是最偉大的個人也能從他人的才能中獲益。接下來便用Ellington和Strayhorn的經(jīng)典例子論證了這一觀點。選項B更符合全文主旨。

第7題:語義題。根據(jù)原文意思，包括樂隊的著名主題和最成功的"TaketheTrain"。由此推斷，hit應(yīng)該指他們的作品，而且是著名和成功的作品，肯定受到了大眾的喜愛，所以選項C正確。

8.單選題

Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?

Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.

ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.

OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.

However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.

Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.

ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.

TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.

ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas

（

）.

3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause

（

）.

4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?

5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.translationoflyricalworks

B.impropertranslation

C.understandingoftheforeignreadership

D.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation

問題2選項

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

問題3選項

A.translatednovelsdonotmeetforeignreaders’tasteandinterest

B.novelsbeingtranslatedarebestonesbyfamouswriters

C.mosttranslatedworkshavedistortedtheoriginals

D.foreignreaders’tastehavechangedalot

問題4選項

A.Chineseproseistoopolitical

B.TherearemoreadjectivesanddecorativewordsinChineseprose

C.Therearemorephilosophicalideasinforeignprose

D.Foreignproseisverypersonal

問題5選項

A.AgoodtranslationofChinesenovelistheco-creationoftheauthorandtranslator

B.AnexcellenttranslatorshouldhaveagoodcommandofChineseandforeignlanguagewritingskills

C.DongDingshanbelievesthatChinesetranslatorcandobetterjobintranslatingChinesenovelsintoEnglish

D.Word-for-wordtranslationmayhurttheoriginal

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察文章大意。文章第一段提出“中國的作品翻譯成外國文字后出售不多”這種現(xiàn)象。接下來作者提出了造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因：一是中國作家并沒有考慮自己的作品能否被外國人理解（fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries）；二是中國譯者選擇翻譯的作品都是通過自己的主觀判斷，而沒有考慮受眾的口味（theirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。接著作者就不同體裁的翻譯來說明了不合適的譯文是導(dǎo)致外國讀者看不懂內(nèi)容。選項B符合題意。

2.考察作者的觀點態(tài)度。作者在文章提到之所以中國的作品在國外不暢銷，原因就是沒有適合的譯本，因此可以判斷出作者對當下的這些譯本是不滿意的。選項A符合題意。

3.考察細節(jié)事實問題。文章第四段提到中國作品在國外不受歡迎的原因之一是譯者選擇作品時是根據(jù)主觀的判斷，而沒有考慮國外讀者的口味（Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。選項A符合題意。

4.考察細節(jié)事實問題。文章第五段WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders提到中國作家喜歡堆砌一些形容詞和修飾詞，這些詞對于外國讀者來說是沒有意義甚至?xí)蓴_他們閱讀，選項B符合題意。

5.考察推理判斷問題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段successfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator可排除選項A；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段第二句WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish可排除選項B；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第一段第一句話ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish可知選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisistheworld’sfirstaccurate（

）modelofhumanheartincomputer.

問題1選項

A.laboring

B.working

C.living

D.liking

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。laboring意為“勞動的”；working意為“工作中的，運行中的”；living意為“活著的”；liking意為“喜愛的”。

句意：這是世界上第一個用計算機精確模擬的工作中的人的心臟。

10.不定項選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運（被抓到真實的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運）），根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some可知，A選項“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應(yīng)很強烈”錯誤；B選項“摩托車司機可能會被警察錯誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護”錯誤，第一段這個例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī)，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項“紅路燈會說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項決定更加激發(fā)了關(guān)于增加使用該設(shè)備的決定），從fueled這個詞可知并不是這項判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項“引發(fā)了關(guān)于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯誤；B選項“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示，69%的美國人支持使用該設(shè)備。但是，至少有7個州打回了關(guān)于安裝這些設(shè)備的提案），所以D選項“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Opponents”（反對者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對者……認為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設(shè)備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負責從安裝機器到識別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機的動機。），這里可知C選項“攝像頭確實是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關(guān)鍵詞minimal可知D選項“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發(fā)誓，研究表明，機器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實并非如此，華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅持認為?！拔覀儨p少了死亡人數(shù)?！保┻@兩句可以看出交警部門認為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項“攝像頭不應(yīng)該由私人公司運營”，D選項“公司運營攝像頭的目的不應(yīng)該賺錢”，這兩個都不是交警部門的看法，C選項“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項“細微的”；B選項“普遍的”；C選項“巨大的”D選項“無限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當可觀）”，我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8