書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.Classicalmodernistpainting---thatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatisse---presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity---inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

問題3選項

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

問題4選項

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

問題5選項

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題6選項

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

問題7選項

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.文章主旨題。A選項‘界定現(xiàn)代主義者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度‘、B選項’解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的‘和D選項’界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對待他們藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點，并評定每種觀點的價值‘這三項只是文內(nèi)提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C選項’說明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進程來觀察‘符合題意。

2.作者觀點題。根據(jù)文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.顯示出他們對現(xiàn)代主義勝利強加給他們的藝術(shù)概念的想當(dāng)然程度:藝術(shù)越好，它對傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。所以該題作者表達的觀點是矛盾的，A選項“矛盾的”符合題意。B“機械的”，C“膚淺的”和D“戲劇性的”與文章不符，排除。

3.語義理解題。作者列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假設(shè)的攝影師,通過拍照,他們越來越遠離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識緊縮濃度的身體行為繪畫。”所以A選項‘提供一個藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師一樣，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目標(biāo)‘正確。B、C、D選項與題意不相符，排除。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指責(zé)攝影是沒有靈魂的、機械地復(fù)制現(xiàn)實，攝影師們反駁說，攝影是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對普通視覺的反抗，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價值?！_定D選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要攝影師不再愿意辯論是否或不是藝術(shù)攝影,除了宣稱自己的工作不涉及藝術(shù),顯示在多大程度上他們只是理所當(dāng)然的概念藝術(shù)由現(xiàn)代主義的勝利:藝術(shù)、越好越顛覆傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)?！_定D選項符合題意。

6.細節(jié)判斷題。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！彼訠選項‘他們的照片不是藝術(shù)的例子，而是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子。’最符合。A，B，C項文章沒有提及。

7.作者觀點題。B選項“一項只講究細致而不講究藝術(shù)的工藝”和C選項“復(fù)制現(xiàn)實的機械”與作者觀點相悖，排除，D項描述是現(xiàn)代攝影的現(xiàn)狀，排除。所以A選項正確。

2.單選題

--“Doesn’tyourwiferestrainyoufromsmoking?”

--“I（）fromsmokingeversinceourmarriage.”

問題1選項

A.restrained

B.haverestrained

C.refrained

D.haverefrained

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。由關(guān)鍵詞sinceourmarriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，排除A,C選項；Refrain為不及物動詞，后面要加上from，構(gòu)成固定搭配refrainfrom（不再做某事），因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

問題1選項

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

問題2選項

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題3選項

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題4選項

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

問題5選項

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

問題6選項

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

問題7選項

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

問題8選項

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

問題9選項

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

問題10選項

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世紀(jì)60年代開始跑步時，曾是一名煙民，體重214磅”和后面句意“他的體重減少了60磅”可知此處表示跑步帶來的好處，因此填reap（取得（成果），收獲）。

52.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面可知JimFix在出版書時，通過跑步體重減少了60磅，這是一件正面積極的事，可知此處表示他的書鼓勵了其他人，因此選A。

53.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均壽命）可知D選項最為恰當(dāng)，表示“運動是怎樣回報人的，以及增加人均壽命”。

54.考查名詞辨析。endurance意為“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意為“證據(jù)，跡象”；supplement意為“補充”；allowance意為“津貼，補貼”。此處表示很多反對他的人說他的死是證明跑步有害的證據(jù)，因此選B。

55.考查動詞辨析。rewrite意為“重寫，改寫”；revise意為“修改（意見或計劃），修訂（書刊）”；reverse意為“顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)”；reveal意為“揭示，顯示”。此處表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心臟病”，因此選D。

56.考查動詞辨析。obtain意為“獲得，得到”；sustain意為“維持，保持”；suffer意為“遭受”；surpass意為“超過”。此處表示“他的父親在35歲時遭受心臟病”，因此選C。

57.考查動詞辨析。acknowledge意為“承認(rèn)”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”；communicate意為“溝通，交流”；apologize意為“道歉，認(rèn)錯”。此處表示“PaulThomas承認(rèn)跑步的不足之處”，因此選A。

58.考查名詞辨析。consequence意為“結(jié)果，成果”；impact意為“影響”；weight意為“重量”；press意為“壓，按”。此處表示“對膝蓋的影響會比較大”，因此選B。

59.考查副詞辨析。explicitly意為“明白地，明確地”；particularly意為“特別，尤其”；commonly意為“通常地”；singularly意為“非常地”。此處表示“跑步的人在訓(xùn)練中的風(fēng)險更大，尤其是如果他們跑馬拉松的話”，因此選B。

60.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（對于跑步者來說，這個消息并不全是壞消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之處，可知此處表示對比，因此選A，however意為“然而”，可表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

4.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthis....andthen....Forheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項意為“為了揭示一個生物學(xué)家是如何對鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項意為“描述了一個科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”；C項意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動物相似”；D項意為“為了突出進行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是一個記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時間觀。B選項更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項意為“一個直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”；C項意為“這項工作有多么危險”；D項意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時候，這種動物的龐大身軀不時地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個鑰匙孔的一個小的擴大?！_定作者要表達的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個鑰匙孔擴大了一點點。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的，D選項符合題意。

3.A項意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項意為“一個典型的能在鯨魚等動物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進行的對比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因為我們通常會把玩耍和快速的行動聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識到，通過被動的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報。我很快意識到，被動觀察所帶來的約束比實驗工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制，使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩，而不是民謠?！鶕?jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項“傳達了對一個明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里，我是一個實驗主義者?！_定A選項‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時需要翻遍方法以及自己對不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注，確定C選項“和鯨魚工作時所需要的方法的變化”和D選項“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進行不同類型的研究”兩項有涉及；但B選項“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動機”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Tuckerisa______eater.Everydayhepolishesoffahalf-dozenhamburgers,apoundofpotatosalad,andagiantbowlofchocolatemousse.

問題1選項

A.savory

B.palatable

C.culinary

D.voracious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項savory“咸味的，好吃的，好聞的”，B項palatable“（食物或飲料）可口的，味美的”，C項culinary“烹飪的，食物的”，D項voracious“飯量大的，貪吃的，狼吞虎咽的”。由后面的句意“吃掉六個漢堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯”可知，D項符合。句意：塔克食量很大，他每天要吃掉六個漢堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯。因此，該題選擇D項。

6.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad______bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項traverse“穿過；來回移動；反駁；阻撓；詳細研究；旋轉(zhuǎn)”；B選項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)接；移交；轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；（使）換乘；轉(zhuǎn)存，轉(zhuǎn)錄；調(diào)動（工作）；傳染，傳播；使（運動員）轉(zhuǎn)隊；把（錢）轉(zhuǎn)到另一賬戶，機構(gòu)上”；C選項trample“踐踏；蔑視，傷害；腳步沉重地走”；D選項trespass“非法侵入（他人的土地或財產(chǎn)）；做錯事；違反道德（或社會法規(guī)）”。句意：她是一位經(jīng)驗豐富的旅行者，二十多歲時曾穿越非洲和歐洲。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”；atissue“爭議中的”；atrisk“處于危險中”；atleisure“從容地”。句意：在那個國家，少數(shù)民族的國籍問題仍然______。根據(jù)句意可知選項B符合題意。

8.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（41）“一帶一路”的獨特部分是強調(diào)建立陸地和海洋基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是所有國家的永久性需求。由于各國對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的普遍重視，區(qū)域性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和聯(lián)通項目建設(shè)從政治上來說相對容易往前推進。這些項目將自然地增加貿(mào)易、投資和各國之間人民的交流?？鐕A(chǔ)設(shè)施項目服務(wù)于跨境貿(mào)易的增長目標(biāo)，因而是比自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定更容易促進貿(mào)易的方式，而這是當(dāng)今世界上很多國家都強烈反對的。

（42）中國迄今為止已成功實現(xiàn)了漸進式經(jīng)濟下滑，接下來的問題是如何實現(xiàn)長期可持續(xù)增長?？纯丛鲩L的需求端，投資長期以來已成為主要驅(qū)動。盡管中國的人均資本存量比更發(fā)達的經(jīng)濟體低，(中國)仍然需要實現(xiàn)從投資向消費的逐漸平衡，以避免進一步的資本錯配及其負面影響，如一些行業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)的過剩。中國在兩年前就已經(jīng)開始這種再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作報告及2017年國民經(jīng)濟與社會發(fā)展計劃草案又重申了對促進消費的重視。

【答案】41.TheuniquepartoftheBeltandRoadliesinemphasizingtheestablishmentofterrestrialandmarineinfrastructure.Andinfrastructureisapermanentneedforallcountries.Ascountriesgenerallyattachimportancetoinfrastructure,theconstructionofregionalinfrastructureandconnectingprojectsisrelativelyeasytomoveforwardpolitically.Theseprojectswillnaturallyincreasetrade,investmentandexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Transnationalinfrastructureprojectsservethegrowthgoalsofcross-bordertrade.Andtherefore,aneasierwaytopromotetradethanfreetradeagreements,whichmanycountriesintheworldtodaystronglyoppose.

42.Chinahassofarmanagedagradualeconomicdownturn,andthenextquestionishowtoachievelong-termsustainablegrowth.Consideringthegrowingdemandside,investmenthaslongbeenthemaindriver.AlthoughChina’scapitalstockpercapitaislowerthanthatofamoredevelopedeconomies,agradualbalancefrominvestmenttoconsumptionisneededtoavoidfurthercapitalmisallocationanditsnegativeeffects,suchasexcessinsomeindustriesandrealestate.Chinabeganthisrebalancingefforttwoyearsago,andtherecentgovernmentworkreportandthe2017DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentreaffirmedtheemphasisonboostingconsumption.

9.單選題

Everyone______therighttohisownopinion.

問題1選項

A.imitates

B.requests

C.deserves

D.outlines

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項imitates“模仿”；B選項requests“正式要求，請求”；C選項deserves“應(yīng)得”；D選項outlines“概括”。句意：每個人都______權(quán)利持有自己的觀點。選項符合題意。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是每個人本身都有權(quán)利持有自己的觀點，C選項deserves“應(yīng)得”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentratedwork.Thisdifficultyismuchgreaterforthosewhodonotworktoaplanandhavenoregularroutineofstudy.Manystudentsmuddlealong,doingabitofthissubjectorthat,asthemoodtakesthem,orlettingtheirsetworkpileupuntilthelastpossiblemoment.

Fewstudentsworktoasettimetable.Theysaythatiftheydidconstructatimetableforthemselvestheywouldnotkeeptoit,orwouldhavetoalteritconstantly,sincetheycanneverpredictfromonedaytothenextwhattheiractivitieswillbe.

Therearemanywhostayawayfromtheself-regimentationofaweeklytimetable,anddislikebeingtieddowntoadefiniteprogramofwork.Manyablestudentsclaimthattheyworkincycles.Whentheybecomeinterestedinatopictheyworkonitintensivelyforthreeorfourdaysatatime.Onotherdaystheyavoidworkcompletely.Ithastobeconfessedthatwedonotfullyunderstandthecomplexitiesofthemotivationtowork.Mostpeopleover25yearsofagehavebecomeconditionedtoaworkroutine,andthemajorityofreallyproductiveworkerssetasideregularhoursforthemoreimportantaspectsortheirwork.The"tough-minded"schoolofworkersisusuallyverycontemptuousoftheideathatgoodworkcanonlybedonespontaneously,undertheinfluenceofinspiration.

Thosewhobelievethattheyneedonlyworkandstudyasthefittakesthemhaveamistakenbeliefeitherintheirowntalentorinthevalueof"freedom".Freedomfromrestraintanddisciplineleadstounhappinessratherthanto"self-expression"or"personalitydevelopment".Oursocietyinsistsonregularhabits,timekeepingandpunctualityandwhetherwelikeitornot,ifwemeantomakeourwayinsocietywehavetocomplywithitsdemands.

1.Themostwidespreadproblemonapplyingoneselftostudyisthatof（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,therearemanystudentswho（）.

3.Thoseworkerswithstrictviewsonwork（）.

4.InParagraph4"asthefittakesthem"means（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項

A.thefailuretokeeparoutineofmethodicalandintensivework

B.changingfromonesubjecttoanother

C.unwillingnesstofollowasystematicplan

D.applyingoneselftoasubjectonlywhenonefeelsinclined

問題2選項

A.donotlikebeingcommandedtostudyaccordingtoaweeklytimetable

B.aretootimidtoaccustomthemselvestoaweeklytimetable

C.refusetoexertthemselvesthewholeweekasifundermilitarydiscipline

D.shrinkfromtheself-disciplinerequiredforworkingtoaweeklyplan

問題3選項

A.areverycriticalofthebeliefthatgoodworkcanbeanaturalproductofinstinct

B.rejecttheideathatgoodworkissecondnaturetoman

C.donotregardasserioustheopinionthatgoodworkcanbedoneatanytimeregardlessofinspiration

D.despisetheideathatworkcanbedonewellonlywhenfreefromexternalpressureandpromptedbyinternalstimulus

問題4選項

A.whentheyhavetheenergy

B.whentheyareinthemood

C.whentheyfindconditionssuitable

D.whentheyfeelfit

問題5選項

A.AttitudestoStudy

B.StudyPlans

C.StudyandSelf-discipline

D.TheDifficultiesofStudying.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句"Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentratedwork."到目前為止,學(xué)習(xí)中最常見的困難就是未能進行定期的集中學(xué)習(xí)。選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Therearemanywhostayawayfromtheself-regimentationofaweeklytimetable,anddislikebeingtieddowntoadefiniteprogramofwork."有許多人不喜歡按照每周的時間表進行自我約束,不喜歡被一個明確的工作計劃所束縛。選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句"The"tough-minded"schoolofworkers...undertheinfluenceofinspiration.""意志堅強"的工人學(xué)派通常非常鄙視那種認(rèn)為好的工作只能在靈感的影響下自發(fā)完成的想法。選項D只是換了另一種表達方法,與原文表達一致,所以正確。

4.同義辨析題。結(jié)合第一段的的最后一句"asthemoodtakesthem"可知fit指的是"whentheyareinthemood",所以選項B正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述的是學(xué)習(xí)和自律之間的關(guān)系,選項C更能概括全文。

11.翻譯題

Yogashouldbedonewithanopen,gentle,andnomcriticalmind:whenonestretchesintoayogaposition,itcanbethoughtofasacceptingandworkingonone’slimits.

【答案】瑜伽應(yīng)該以一種開放、溫和、不挑剔的心態(tài)來完成：當(dāng)一個人伸展成瑜伽姿勢時，可以被認(rèn)為是接受并努力達到自己的極限。

12.單選題

Shehasdecidedto（）somemoneyeverymonthtohelpthreepeasantgirlsinpoverty-strickenareas.

問題1選項

A.laydown

B.layside

C.setup

D.standupto

【答案】B

【解析】laydown放下，制定，鋪設(shè)，主張；layside擱置，儲蓄，留存；setup建立；standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗。句意：她決定每個月存點錢幫助三個貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)村女孩。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

PeopleweresurprisedtofindthatMr.Johnsonhadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

問題1選項

A.prevail

B.dominate

C.preside

D.instruct

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。prevail盛行，流行；dominate控制，支配；preside主持，擔(dān)任會議主席；instruct指導(dǎo)，通知。句意：人們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)Mr.Johnson有能力操控他所做的每件事。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

AIDSiscausinggreatpublicconcernbecausethe（）fataldiseasehitsprimarilyyoungpeople