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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川民族學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Noneofstudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing()ofeverythingtheydo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotional

B.optimistic

C.interested

D.critical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emotional“情感的”;B選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”;C選項(xiàng)interested“感興趣的”;D選項(xiàng)critical“批評(píng)的,苛刻的”,句意:班里沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生喜歡那位女老師,她慣于批評(píng)學(xué)生們所做的一切事。所以選D。

2.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.retains保持B.gains獲得

C.achieves達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得;取得

【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations(對(duì)情況的反應(yīng))做habitualways(習(xí)慣方式)的后置定語。句意為獲得對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways(習(xí)慣方式)相符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)retain在這里不符合句子邏輯;

B選項(xiàng)gain指獲得,贏得,經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益;

C選項(xiàng)得到,獲得,多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。

以上選項(xiàng)均不能和habitualways搭配。

【句意】正是通過學(xué)習(xí),個(gè)人獲得了對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。

3.單選題

Pleasecheckthecopy______theoriginalbeforehandingin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.against

C.over

D.AandB

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。checksth.against/withsth.表示“對(duì)照某物核對(duì)某物”,為固定搭配。根據(jù)thecopy與theoriginal可知此處表示“對(duì)照原件核對(duì)該復(fù)印件”,因此選D。句意:交上來之前請(qǐng)把復(fù)印件和原件核對(duì)一下。

4.單選題

Sobadly(

)inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjured

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:他在車禍里傷得太厲害了,以至于他不得不在醫(yī)院待了幾個(gè)月。sothat句子中,so位于句首時(shí)句子需要部分倒裝,B、D排除;答案選C。

5.單選題

Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand()inquality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.inferior

C.superior

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的;有勢(shì)力的”;B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的;自卑的;下級(jí)的”;C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的;優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;D選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的,隸屬的;次要的”。句意:他們的產(chǎn)品時(shí)常定價(jià)過高且質(zhì)量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價(jià)過高的”和空格,因此空格處填入B項(xiàng)合適。

6.單選題

Youmustreadbetweenthelinestogetthe()meaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.underlying

C.ultimate

D.universal

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。unanimous意見相同的,

全體一致的;underlying潛在的;ultimate最終的,

根本的;universal普遍的,

通用的。句意:你必須從字里行間去領(lǐng)會(huì)其深層含義。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.pursue

C.savor

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assess評(píng)估;評(píng)定

B.pursue追求;致力于

C.savor品味;體會(huì)D.testify(尤指出庭)作證;證明

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting(他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅)可知,空格處表示“品味,體會(huì)”符合句意,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】即使你從未看過賈曼的電影、繪畫或花園,你也能品味到他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅。

8.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償”;B選項(xiàng)constructwell“構(gòu)造得很好”;C選項(xiàng)manageproperly“妥善處理”;D選項(xiàng)terminate“使終止;使結(jié)束;解雇”。句意:在國(guó)內(nèi),他們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國(guó)工人和戰(zhàn)俘來彌補(bǔ)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞madegood“補(bǔ)償”,得知A為正確答案。

9.單選題

Freddoesn’tlikewhitecoffee,nordoesheliketoputcreamonhisstrawberries,becauseheprefersthem______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.plain

C.simple

D.ordinary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.natural自然的;天然的B.plain樸素的;簡(jiǎn)單的

C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的D.ordinary普通的;平常的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照主句內(nèi)容“弗雷德不喜歡加牛奶的咖啡,也不喜歡在草莓上加奶油”可推知,他喜歡吃原滋原味的食物,plain可以表示食物等素凈、清淡的,所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)、D項(xiàng)不符合句意;

C項(xiàng)指人或事物擁有他們所需要的所有基本或必要的東西,或者某件事物易于理解,不符合語境。

【句意】弗雷德不喜歡加牛奶的咖啡,也不喜歡在草莓上加奶油,因?yàn)樗矚g原味的食物。

10.翻譯題

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefrom,thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,times,andplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone’santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.ThisistrueinFrance,andisabsolutelytrueinEngland:Therange(andreign)ofaccentsonthatdamplittleislandmakeEnglandcoherentfortheEnglishandtotallyincomprehensibleforeveryoneelse.ToopenyourmouthinEnglandis(ifImayuseblackEnglish)to“putyourbusinessinthestreet”:Youhaveconfessedyourparents,youryouth,yourschool,yoursalary,yourself-esteem,and,alas,yourfuture.

【答案】不言而喻,語言也是一種政治工具、手段和力量的象征。對(duì)于身份而言語言是極其形象并且至關(guān)重要的,因?yàn)樗梢酝嘎秱€(gè)人的身份,也可以將個(gè)人與公眾或公共的身份聯(lián)系起來或與其分離開。在某些時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)講某種語言可能是危險(xiǎn)的,甚至是致命的。這種情況過去發(fā)生過,現(xiàn)在也存在?;蛘吣橙丝赡苤v一種語言,但是這樣就會(huì)泄露自己的身份,也可能像他所希望的那樣而隱瞞。這種情況在法國(guó)如此,在英國(guó)尤其如此:在這片濕氣襲人的小島上,英式口音的影響及統(tǒng)治范圍使英國(guó)僅與帶有英國(guó)口音的英國(guó)人和諧共存,卻不適合其他人在此生活。在英國(guó)開口說英語(如果我可以使用黑人英語)相當(dāng)于把你的全部都公之于眾,包括你的父母、青年時(shí)期、所受的教育、薪水、自尊,天啊,甚至你的未來都被一覽無余。

11.單選題

Scientistsshouldhavechoiceastowhatareastheyexplore,andcertainlyhavetheethicalrightandobligationsas(

)toinfluencewhatuseismadeoftheirdiscoveries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anthropologists

B.philanthropists

C.archaeologists

D.humanists

【答案】D

【解析】anthropologist人類學(xué)家;philanthropist慈善家;archaeologist考古學(xué)家;humanist人道主義者。句意:科學(xué)家應(yīng)該選擇他們所探索的領(lǐng)域,他們當(dāng)然也有像人道主義者一樣的道德權(quán)利和義務(wù)來影響他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的用途。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

12.單選題

Whatareliefitwaswhentheboulderssuddenlydisappeared,____toastretchofplainwheretheonlyobstacleswereclumpsofbushes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.givingway

B.givingin

C.gaveway

D.gavein

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.givingway讓路(現(xiàn)在分詞)B.givingin屈服(現(xiàn)在分詞)

C.gaveway讓路(過去分詞)D.gavein屈服(過去分詞)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞與語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“大石頭突然不見了”,后文內(nèi)容為“一片平地”,根據(jù)前后語義可知,大石頭沒有了,緊接著的是一片平地,大石頭給平地讓路更符合語義銜接,空格處為非謂語動(dòng)詞,大石頭給平地讓路,類似于主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項(xiàng)givingway“讓路(現(xiàn)在分詞)”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)givingin“屈服(現(xiàn)在分詞)”,不符合原句語義銜接;

C選項(xiàng)gaveway“讓路(過去分詞)”,過去分詞形式,表被動(dòng),原句中不存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系;

D選項(xiàng)gavein“屈服(過去分詞)”,不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】突然大石頭不見了,前面是一片平地,唯一的障礙只有叢生的灌木,這使我們松了一口氣。

13.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.

Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

如果失敗了你會(huì)怎么做?很多人可能會(huì)選擇放棄。然而,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。在通往成功的路上,你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。它就像一盞燈,在黑暗中為你指路,幫助你度過難關(guān)。否則,你很容易就會(huì)迷失方向或猶豫不前。方向意味著目標(biāo),人生如果沒有目標(biāo),將一事無成。你可以試著把你的目標(biāo)寫在紙上,并制定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃。這樣,你就會(huì)懂得如何合理安排時(shí)間,如何正確地支配時(shí)間。而且你還要有這樣的信念:只要你一直堅(jiān)持自己的方向,你就一定可以成功。

【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【參考譯文】

我們所呼吸的空氣觸手可及,以至于我們將其視為理所當(dāng)然。然而,倘若沒有空氣,我們只能存活幾分鐘。大多數(shù)情況下,每個(gè)人都能呼吸到同樣的空氣,也都需要空氣。有的人一邊坐著自怨自艾,一邊又呼吸空氣來維持生命。另一些人卻呼吸空氣,并利用空氣提供的能量為自己創(chuàng)造美好的生活。

機(jī)遇也是如此。它無處不在。機(jī)遇是如此唾手可得,以至于我們將其當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然。然而,只有機(jī)遇不足以創(chuàng)造成功。為了讓機(jī)遇有價(jià)值,必須抓住機(jī)遇并采取行動(dòng)。很多人都急于抓住“先機(jī)”,好像抓住機(jī)遇就會(huì)一勞永逸,這是不可能的。正如你需要空氣來呼吸一樣,你也需要獲得成功的機(jī)遇。然而,成功不僅僅是呼吸到機(jī)遇的新鮮空氣。你必須利用所獲得的機(jī)遇。對(duì)機(jī)遇的利用不取決于機(jī)遇,而取決于你。機(jī)遇處于什么“階段”不重要,最重要的是你如何利用它。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【參考譯文】

Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.

14.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微軟公司最近出售的便攜電腦都裝載新開發(fā)的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng),表示裝載時(shí),load與with搭配。

2.考查語義。根據(jù)句意,Thegifts體現(xiàn)了好意,也引起了爭(zhēng)論。因此填入will,goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句說到有些博客職責(zé)微軟公司行賄,并列部分省略了“accusing”,表示還職責(zé)同行缺乏職業(yè)道德。表示職責(zé)時(shí)使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金額,說明賣了多少錢,此時(shí)使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查語義。句中缺少的是賓語從句的主語。綜合上下文,送出90臺(tái)電腦給博主們的就是微軟公司。此處只需填company即可。

6.考查語法知識(shí)。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”,后半句的謂語動(dòng)詞“wroteabout”說明正是這些被送電腦的博客們寫了些東西。因此這里缺的是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,而這個(gè)詞要在從句中充當(dāng)主語指代bloggers,應(yīng)填入who。

7.考查語法知識(shí)。本句說的是“其他可能會(huì)受新操作系統(tǒng)……的技術(shù)和對(duì)象”,根據(jù)語義可知應(yīng)填入“影響”。并且此處為被動(dòng)語態(tài),應(yīng)填入過去分詞形式,affected或influenced都可以。

8.試題分析:句中提到,有些博主不接受贈(zèng)予是因?yàn)椴┲骱蛡鹘y(tǒng)的記者一樣受到條款的制約,而不是他們不再列表式。前文提到接受贈(zèng)予的額博主是在郵件列表上的,因此這些博主就用“other”修飾。

9.考查語義。這些博主與傳統(tǒng)的記者受到……的條款約束,此處應(yīng)表示‘’同樣的。并且“same…as…”表示“同樣”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查語義。根據(jù)上文提到電腦的售價(jià),可知此處表示“他們不能接受他們所報(bào)道的公司的昂貴禮物”。因此填入expensive。

15.單選題

TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyinternationalorganizationdealingwiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethattradeflowsassmoothly,predictablyandfreelyaspossible.

Theresultisassurance.Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.Producersandexportersknowthatforeignmarketswillremainopentothem.Theresultisalsoamoreprosperous,peacefulandaccountableeconomicworld.DecisionsintheWTOaretypicallytakenbyconsensusamongallmembercountriesandtheyareapprovedbymembers’parliaments.TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.Thatway,theriskofspitesspillingoverintopoliticalormilitaryconflictisreduced.Byloweringtradebarriers,theWTO’ssystemalsobreaksdownotherbarriersbetweenpeoplesandnations.

Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-aretheWTO’sagreements,negotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftheworld’stradingnations,andapprovedintheirparliaments.Theseagreementsarethelegalground-rulesforinternationalcommerce.Essentially,theyarecontracts,guaranteeingmembercountriesimportanttraderights.Theyalsobindgovernmentstokeeptheirtradepolicieswithinagreedlimitstoeverybody’sbenefit.Theagreementswerenegotiatedandsignedbygovernments.Butgoalistoimprovethewelfareofthepeoplesofthemembercountries.

26.Inthelastparagraph,theworld“bind”couldbestbereplacedby().

27.Membercountriescanenjoyalltheassuranceexcept().

28.Tradeconflictamongmembercountriescanbehandled().

29.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutWTOagreements?

30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.connect

C.stick

D.fasten

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.greaterchoiceofrawmaterialandfinishedproducts

B.securityofbuyingandselling

C.foreignmarketentrance

D.greaterchoiceofcomponentsandservices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.byloweringtradebarriers

B.byavoidingpoliticalormilitaryconflict

C.accordingtoWTO’sdisputesettlement

D.guaranteeingmembercountriesimportanttraderights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theymustbeadoptedbymembercountries.

B.Theymustbeauthorizedbymembers’parliaments.

C.Theymustbenegotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftradingcountries.

D.Theycanensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwithothers’.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.giveabriefintroductiontoWTO

B.teachpeoplehowtoenterintoWTO

C.showpeopletheadvantageofenteringWTO

D.exemplifytheprosperityWTOwillbringpeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在文章的最后一段Theyalsobindgovernmentstokeeptheirtradepolicieswithinagreedlimitstoeverybody’sbenefit.(它們還要求各國(guó)政府將貿(mào)易政策限制在一致同意的范圍內(nèi),以惠及所有人。)withinagreedlimits在一致同意的范圍內(nèi),這個(gè)范圍是特定的,也是有界限的。由此A選項(xiàng)“限制;限定”正確。B選項(xiàng)“連接;聯(lián)合”,C選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持;伸出”,D選項(xiàng)“扣緊,抓住”均不符合題意,故選A。

27.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段第二句Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.(消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者知道,他們可以享受安全的供應(yīng)和對(duì)他們使用的成品、部件、原材料和服務(wù)有更多的選擇。A選項(xiàng)“更多原材料和成品選擇”,B選項(xiàng)“買賣的安全性”,D選項(xiàng)“更多組件和服務(wù)的選擇”都包括在內(nèi)。C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)外市場(chǎng)入口”并未提及,故選C。

28.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞conflict“沖突”定位在第二段TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocess(貿(mào)易摩擦由世界貿(mào)易組織協(xié)調(diào)解決)說明貿(mào)易摩擦是由世貿(mào)組織來進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)解決的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易堡壘”,B選項(xiàng)“避免政治或軍事沖突”,D選項(xiàng)“保障成員國(guó)重要的貿(mào)易權(quán)利”,A,B,D選項(xiàng)與貿(mào)易摩擦無關(guān),故選C。

29.推理判斷題。定位在文章第三段的第一句Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-aretheWTO’sagreements,negotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftheworld’stradingnations,andapprovedintheirparliaments.(世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定是被稱為多邊貿(mào)易體系的制度的核心,世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定由世界上大多數(shù)貿(mào)易國(guó)談判和簽署,并在其議會(huì)中獲得批準(zhǔn)。)A選項(xiàng)“它們必須為成員國(guó)所采納”,B選項(xiàng)“它們必須得到成員議會(huì)的授權(quán)”,C選項(xiàng)“它們必須由絕大多數(shù)貿(mào)易國(guó)協(xié)商和簽署”,A,B,C選項(xiàng)都包含在世貿(mào)組織協(xié)定內(nèi)。D選項(xiàng)“它們能確保國(guó)家貿(mào)易政策符合其他國(guó)家的貿(mào)易政策”,定位在第二段TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.(貿(mào)易摩擦由世界貿(mào)易組織協(xié)調(diào)解決,協(xié)調(diào)過程主要是解決簽訂的協(xié)議和應(yīng)盡的義務(wù),并且如何確保成員國(guó)遵守相應(yīng)的貿(mào)易政策.)由此可知,能確保國(guó)家貿(mào)易政策符合其他國(guó)家的貿(mào)易政策是由WTO’sdisputesettlementprocess來達(dá)成的,并非WTOagreement。故選D。

30.主旨大意題。WTO(世貿(mào)組織)是一個(gè)處理國(guó)家間貿(mào)易規(guī)則的唯一國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu),其核心是盡可能確保貿(mào)易順暢、自然和自由地運(yùn)行以及它的協(xié)議。本文主要介紹了世貿(mào)組織的功能、作用和影響,所以A選項(xiàng)“世貿(mào)組織的簡(jiǎn)要介紹”正確。B選項(xiàng)“教人們?nèi)绾渭尤胧蕾Q(mào)組織”在文中并未提及。C選項(xiàng)“向人們展示加入世貿(mào)組織的好處”只是一部分陳述,概括不了全文。D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明世貿(mào)組織給人們帶來的繁榮”,文中舉例部分較少,較為片面。故選A。

16.單選題

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.

Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.

Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.

IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.

Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

56.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

57.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplay,thatisto______.

58.Intheauthorsopinion,marriage______.

59.Coupleshavinginfantchildren______.

60.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.

B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.

C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.

D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness

B.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun

C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives

D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.affordsgreaterfun

B.leadstoraisingchildren

C.indicatescommitment

D.endsinpain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenightssleep

B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight

C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem

D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers

B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness

C.giveafreehandtomoney

D.keephimselfwithhisfamily

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的?”。第二段最后三句指出Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.(娛樂是我們?cè)诒硌葸^程中所體驗(yàn)到的,幸福是一個(gè)行為之后的感受,它是一種更深刻、更持久的情感)可知,幸福是一種持久的體驗(yàn),而娛樂只是在過程中體驗(yàn)到的,它是短暫的;所以C項(xiàng)“幸福是持久的,而娛樂是短暫的”正確。A項(xiàng)“娛樂創(chuàng)造持久的滿足感”表述與原文相反;B項(xiàng)“娛樂帶來快樂,而痛苦帶來幸?!?,表述不準(zhǔn)確,不是所有的幸福都是痛苦帶來的;D項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期存在的娛樂可能會(huì)帶來幸福”在第三段最后一句有提及Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.(但娛樂并不能帶來幸福,因?yàn)楫?dāng)樂趣結(jié)束時(shí),它們的積極影響也隨之終止),所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對(duì)作者來說,好萊塢明星都有一個(gè)重要的作用,那就是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.(我常常這樣想,如果好萊塢明星有什么作用的話,那就是告訴我們幸福與娛樂毫無關(guān)系),所以B項(xiàng)“告訴公眾幸福與樂趣無關(guān)”正確。文中提到明星的回憶錄充滿著不幸,是為了和他們那些意味著“幸?!钡臇|西做比較,來論證第四段的中心句,所以A項(xiàng)“寫一本又一本關(guān)于他們幸福的回憶錄”和D項(xiàng)“給公眾帶來快樂而不是去參加迷人的聚會(huì)”不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的意思;C項(xiàng)“教人們?nèi)绾蜗硎苌睢蔽恼聸]有提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

58.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在作者的觀點(diǎn)中,婚姻……”。根據(jù)第五段前兩句Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.(問問一個(gè)單身漢,為什么即使他發(fā)現(xiàn)約會(huì)越來越不令人滿意,他也會(huì)拒絕結(jié)婚;如果他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的,他會(huì)告訴你他害怕做出承諾,因?yàn)槌兄Z其實(shí)是相當(dāng)痛苦的)可知,婚姻意味著承諾,所以C項(xiàng)“表示承諾”正確。第五段提到Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.(單身生活充滿了樂趣、冒險(xiǎn)和刺激,婚姻也有這樣的時(shí)刻,但它們并不是婚姻最顯著的特征)可知,婚姻也充滿樂趣,但是這不是最顯著的特征,文章沒有提到婚姻會(huì)帶來更大的樂趣,所以A項(xiàng)“提供更大的樂趣”錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致?lián)狃B(yǎng)孩子”太絕對(duì),婚姻中也可以選擇不要孩子;第五段雖然提到了couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.(選擇不要孩子的夫婦是在選擇無痛的樂趣,而不是痛苦的幸福),但婚姻是痛苦的幸福是因?yàn)閹Ш⒆泳蜎]有很多休息時(shí)間,痛苦但幸福著,而不是說婚姻是以痛苦為結(jié)尾,D項(xiàng)“在痛苦中結(jié)束”偷換概念。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

59.推理判斷題。題干意思是“有嬰兒的夫婦……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段,Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.(同樣,選擇不要孩子的夫婦是在選擇無痛的樂趣,而不是痛苦的幸福。他們可以隨時(shí)外出用餐,想睡多久就睡多久。帶著嬰兒的夫婦能得到一整夜的睡眠或三天的假期就很幸運(yùn)了。我不知道有哪個(gè)父母會(huì)選擇“樂趣”這個(gè)詞來形容養(yǎng)育孩子。),由此可以推斷,帶孩子的夫婦是在帶孩子的痛苦中找到快樂的幸福感,所以D項(xiàng)“從他們的努力中獲得幸?!狈项}意。A項(xiàng)“很幸運(yùn),因?yàn)樗麄兛梢运徽怼焙虲項(xiàng)“找更多的時(shí)間去玩和與他們開玩笑”與原文不符,原文是說沒有孩子的夫婦可以隨時(shí)出去玩;B項(xiàng)“在晚上給他們掖被子的時(shí)候找到樂趣”文中沒有提到掖被子。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

60.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如果一個(gè)人懂得了快樂的真正意義,他就會(huì)……”。根據(jù)最后一段第二句nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.(現(xiàn)在我們可以把更多的時(shí)間投入到能夠真正增加我們幸福的活動(dòng)中)可知B項(xiàng)“充分利用他的時(shí)間增加幸?!闭_。第三句提到buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.(買一輛新車或那些花哨的衣服對(duì)增加我們的快樂毫無用處)可知C項(xiàng)“自由支配金錢”不正確;A項(xiàng)“停止玩游戲去和別人開玩笑”和D項(xiàng)“和家人待在一起”在最后一段未提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ⅶ.Humanrightsareoftenpresentedastheoutcomeofalongandnoblematurationprocessofintellectualideassuchasfreedom,equalityorhumandignity—basicallyastheultimatecrystallizationofEnlightenmentideas.Thecontemporaryimportanceofhumanrightsisthenviewedasthefinalresultoftheforwardmarchofhistory,reasonorcivilization,advancingtheinherentrightsanddignityofeveryperson.Inthisvein,alargebodyofliteraturehasfocusedontheprecursorsofhumanrights,claimingthattheideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelyderivesfrom,forinstance,CatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment.ThesearethekindofnarrativesandhistoriesthathavebeendeeplycriticizedbyNietzsche(尼采)(orlaterFoucault(福柯))becausetheymisconstruethepastasateleologyleadingto,andjustifying,thecurrentstateofaffairs.InsteadNietzscheproposedagenealogicalmethodology,whichgivescredittothecontingent,unpredictable,hiddenandoftendarkcurrentsofhistory.Fromthisperspective,thejobofthehistorian,sociologistorphilosopherisnottoreconstructthelinearpathfromwhichhumanrightshavevictoriouslyemergedbuttoinvestigatethehaphazardmake-upofhumanrights,lookingintothecontingentconditionsandunforeseencircumstancesoutofwhichvaluesgrow.

InTheSacrednessofthePersonHansJoas(漢斯?約阿斯)seekstoconnectNietzsche’sawarenessofhistoricalcontingencywithrespecttothegenesisofvalueswiththemoresociologicalquestionofwhyhumanrightsanduniversalhumandignityservenowasanewglobalcultureandmorality.Basically,howcanwebestdescribeandexplainthedeepmoralcommitmentandalmostuniversalappealofhumanrights,functioningtodayasadefactoglobalcivilreligionwithitsowntransnationalsymbolssuchastheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsorsharedritualssuchasUN’sUniversalPeriodicReview?However,incontrasttoaNietzscheanreading,Joasdoesnotassuchwanttocriticizeordeconstructtheideaofuniversalhumanrights.He,thus,devisesbotharesearchobjectandapproachthatisnotcriticalbyconventionalsociologicalmeasurebutmoregearedtowardsaninterpretiveapproach.Moreprecisely,whileacknowledgingthathumanrightsareagenuinehistoricalinnovation,healsowantstopreserve—andexplain—thenowself-evidentmoralcharacterthathumanrightshaveforthosewhofeelboundbythem.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatNietzscheorFoucault___.

2.NietzscheorlaterFoucaultcriticizedthelargenumberofliteraturebecause___.

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,HansJoastriesto___.

4.ThedifferencebetweenNietzscheandJoasisthat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isascholarwhousesteleologicalmethodtowardshumanrights

B.disagreeswiththeteleologicalmethodofresearch

C.claimsthattheideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelyderivesfromCatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment

D.thinksthathumanrightsisthefinalresultoftheforwardmarchofhistory,reasonorcivilization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyusedagenealogicalmethodology

B.theideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelydoesnotderivefromCatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment

C.donotgivecredittothecontingent,unpredictable,hiddenandoftendarkcurrentsofhistory

D.theymisconstruethepastasateleologyleadingtothecurrentstateofaffairs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.connectNietzsche’sawarenessofhistoricalcontingencythemoresociologicalquestion

B.explainthedeepmoralcommitmentandalmostuniversalappealofhumanrights

C.describethefunctioningofhumanrightsasadefactoglobalcivilreligion

D.describetheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsasthetransnationalsymbolofhumanrights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelatterwantstocriticizeordeconstructtheideaofuniversalhumanrights

B.theformerdevisesbotharesearchobjectandapproachthatisnotcriticalbyconventionalsociologicalmeasure

C.thelatteralsowantstoexplainthenowself-evidentmoralcharacterofhumanrights

D.theformeracknowledgesthathumanrightsareagenuinehistoricalinnovation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“NietzscheorFoucault”定位到原文第一段Inthisvein,alargebodyofliteraturehasfocusedontheprecursorsofhumanrights,claimingthattheideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelyderivesfrom,forinstance,CatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment.ThesearethekindofnarrativesandhistoriesthathavebeendeeplycriticizedbyNietzsche(orlaterFoucault)becausetheymisconstruethepastasateleologyleadingto,andjustifying,thecurrentstateofaffairs.(在這一脈絡(luò)下,大量的文獻(xiàn)聚焦于人權(quán)的先驅(qū)者,聲稱普遍的人類尊嚴(yán)和個(gè)人權(quán)利的理念最終源于諸如天主教、新教或法國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)等。這些敘述和歷史被尼采(或后來的福柯)深刻批評(píng),因?yàn)樗鼈儗⑦^去誤讀為一種導(dǎo)致并證明事件現(xiàn)狀的目的論)可知尼采或??屡u(píng)目的論,選B選項(xiàng)“不同意目的論的研究方法”,A選項(xiàng)“是一位用目的論方法研究人權(quán)的學(xué)者”以及C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為人類普遍尊嚴(yán)和個(gè)人權(quán)利的理念最終源于天主教、新教或法國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)”在文中屬于人權(quán)的先驅(qū)者,不是尼采或福柯的觀點(diǎn),偷換概念,排除;D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為人權(quán)是歷史、理性或文明前進(jìn)的最終結(jié)果”未在第一段提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“NietzscheorFoucault”定位到原文第一段Inthisvein,alargebodyofliteraturehasfocusedontheprecursorsofhumanrights,claimingthattheideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelyderivesfrom,forinstance,CatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment.ThesearethekindofnarrativesandhistoriesthathavebeendeeplycriticizedbyNietzsche(orlater

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