書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：英語(yǔ)中的單詞，在曰常談話中幾乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔；latitude緯度；multitude多數(shù)；attitude態(tài)度。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少主語(yǔ)。It做主語(yǔ)，was是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，theoldestknownmap是表語(yǔ)，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定語(yǔ)。句意：這是已知最古老的地圖，大約可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂(lè)意的”，需與be動(dòng)詞搭配，故排除C、D選項(xiàng)。studentsandteachersalike為插入語(yǔ)，是對(duì)主語(yǔ)everybody的解釋說(shuō)明，不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意為“我的童年吋期沒(méi)有冰箱，但我還是吃得不錯(cuò)而且吃得很健康”之后的部分講到雖然沒(méi)有冰箱但也沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)食物浪費(fèi)和食物腐爛的情況，由此可知第二段的首句話是為了說(shuō)明雖然那時(shí)候沒(méi)有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即選項(xiàng)A。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都來(lái)，雜貨商、屠夫、面包師和賣冰淇淋的人—周來(lái)送貨兩到三次。肉可以從星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶將變成各種各樣的小點(diǎn)心。任何東西都不會(huì)被浪費(fèi)，而且我們從不會(huì)為了腐爛的食物而煩惱。因此可知在冰箱發(fā)明之前不會(huì)有東西的浪費(fèi)是因?yàn)槿藗冋莆樟擞行У氖Ｓ嗍澄锏姆椒?故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:冰箱的發(fā)明對(duì)食物的保存并沒(méi)有起到太多的作用，在冰箱發(fā)明之前已經(jīng)有像自然冷卻、鹽腌等多種食物保存方法。冰箱的發(fā)明正在促進(jìn)的是電力、軟飲料、動(dòng)物死尸的銷量并且在后文中作者還講到了冰箱對(duì)生活環(huán)境造成的影響，故可以推斷出在作者看來(lái)對(duì)于冰箱的發(fā)明，最沒(méi)有受益的就是消費(fèi)者。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響一直都是顯著的，而它帶給人類的幸福卻是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己試試看，做一個(gè)存放食物的櫥柜，下個(gè)冬天關(guān)掉你的冰箱。你或許吃不到漢堡，但是至少能擺脫那可怕的噪音。故選A“不斷產(chǎn)生噪聲”。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章中作者提到童年時(shí)期沒(méi)有冰箱，但是還是吃得不錯(cuò)而且很健康，并且當(dāng)時(shí)食物也儲(chǔ)存的很好，不會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)。最后兩段中,作者認(rèn)為世界上絕大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它們的熱帶地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是在那些富有氣候溫和的國(guó)家出現(xiàn)，這些國(guó)家?guī)缀醪恍枰帽洹？梢钥闯鲎髡邔?duì)于冰箱是批判性的。

5.單選題

_______theyweretalking,thedawncameshiningthroughthewindowsoftheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Till

C.Themoment

D.Before

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)While“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；B選項(xiàng)Till“直到……才”；C選項(xiàng)Themoment“立刻，一……就”；D選項(xiàng)Before“在……之前”。句意：（）他們?cè)诮徽?；曙光透過(guò)房間的窗戶照了進(jìn)來(lái)。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng)填的連詞是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，所以排除B、D選項(xiàng)，答案選A；C選項(xiàng)不是連詞不能連接兩個(gè)句子，所以不選。

6.單選題

Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,withaperfectlackofdiscrimination,willdoanyfoolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthislies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputingmachine’s“intelligence”onthedetailsofitsownperceptions—itsinabilitytobeguidedbyalargecontext.Inapsychologicaldescriptionofthecomputerintelligence,threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,literal-minded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,weshouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mindedness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalsocharacterizestheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesserextent.

Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemostprecisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorlessimperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhichscientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism.Thus,forinstance:itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativistic,effects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach.

Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideofmathematicsforthecrucialspecificationoftheapproximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Givemathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhapsappropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,themathematicians’literal-mindednessmayhaveunfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientificinvestigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematicalcontext-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?-istherebyignored.

Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.

1.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto,dowhichofthefollowing?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatscientistsmakewhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutscientificarguments?

3.Accordingtothetext,mathematicianspresentarisktoscientistforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Theauthorsuggeststhat-theapproachofphysiciststosolvingscientificproblemiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatscientistsdevelopahealthyskepticismbecausetheyareawarethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreatextentonmachines.

B.Illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachofmathematicianstoproblemsolving.

C.Comparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatofcomputerprogrammers.

D.Provideonedefinitionofintelligence.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theliteraltruthoftheargumentscanbemadeclearonlyinamathematicalcontext.

B.Theargumentsnecessarilyignorethecentralquestionofscientificinvestigation.

C.Thearmamentsprobablywillbeconvincingonlytootherscientists.

D.Thepremisesonwhichtheargumentsarebasedmaychange.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatareincompatiblewiththosealreadydevelopedbyscientists.

B.Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatisincomprehensibletoscientists.

C.Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoreticalassumptionsarefacts.

D.Scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomaticstatementsareuntrue.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.PracticalforscientificPurposes.

B.Detrimentalto:scientificprogress.

C.UnimportantinmostSituations.

D.Expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mathematiciansarebetterabletosolveproblemsthanarescientists.

B.changesinaxiomaticpropositionswillinevitablyunderminescientificarguments.

C.well-definedsituationsarenecessityforthedesignofreliableexperiments.

D.somefactorsinmostsituationsmustremainunknown.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段作者用計(jì)算機(jī)“computingmachines”作為例子來(lái)幫助我們更好的了解數(shù)學(xué)理論“theoreticalmathematics”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到基于某些參數(shù)的變化而會(huì)導(dǎo)致某些前提的改變（sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二、三句Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally提到數(shù)學(xué)家將這些理論假設(shè)變成公理，并且還試圖說(shuō)服科學(xué)家相信這些假設(shè)都真的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach提到這個(gè)健康的懷疑論對(duì)于數(shù)學(xué)方法來(lái)說(shuō)還是陌生的。但是從healthy這個(gè)詞可以知道在這里是肯定的觀點(diǎn)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)A是帶有肯定意味的，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.healthyskepticism指的是文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句的內(nèi)容：Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation，有此句可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，輕率的”，B項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”，C項(xiàng)tiresome“煩人的，無(wú)聊的”，D項(xiàng)unscientific“不科學(xué)的，不符合科學(xué)原理的”。句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因?yàn)樗麄冎貜?fù)種植同一種作物，幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)再到當(dāng)今美國(guó)人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國(guó)的拓荒精神，即美國(guó)人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動(dòng)和激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語(yǔ)言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺(jué)得美國(guó)的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。美國(guó)人不喜歡沒(méi)有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見(jiàn)的?！笨芍鼗木耋w現(xiàn)為能克服危險(xiǎn)和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會(huì)毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個(gè)拓荒者可能會(huì)無(wú)助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時(shí)候，洪水可能會(huì)沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)自印第安人的襲擊?！币约暗谒亩蔚谝痪洹癟heworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對(duì)于一個(gè)愛(ài)好和平的拓荒者來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的危險(xiǎn)可能不是來(lái)自自然條件或印第安人，而是來(lái)自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面臨自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個(gè)人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實(shí)力和管理能力。可知C項(xiàng)“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國(guó)人不喜歡沒(méi)有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見(jiàn)的?！笨芍?dāng)今美國(guó)人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.問(wèn)答題

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthegreatclasslesssociety.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareput(1)inevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprived(2)

allpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,

(3)

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbear

(4)

theclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveled

(5)

ifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,survivalofthefittest,and“mightisright”arestill

(6)

us.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”：

(7)

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagoodstartinlife.Forallthelipservicewepay

(8)

theideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantages

(9)

stateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldhealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkerthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboil

(10)

tothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriateprepositionoradverb(介詞或副詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

cliche(inparagraphI)

discredit(inparagraph1)

savagely(inparagraph1)

fallacy(inparagraph2)

dispense(inparagraph2)

rigidly(inparagraph2)

cunning(inparagraph3)

perpetuate(inparagraph3)

indiscriminately(inparagraph3)

dedicated(inparagraph4)

【答案】1.考查副詞搭配。由前面的arguments，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義可知爭(zhēng)論是被提出，putforward意為“提出”。

試題答案：forward

2.考查介詞搭配。bedeprivedof意為“被剝奪”，此句意為：存活下來(lái)的君主制已經(jīng)被剝奪了一切政治權(quán)利。

試題答案：of

3.考查介詞搭配。此處前句意為“繼承的財(cái)富因稅收而被強(qiáng)制減少”，后句意為“巨大的財(cái)富將全部消失”，intime意為“最終，遲早”。

試題答案：in

4.考查介詞搭配。此處表示examination（調(diào)查）與claim（聲稱）之間的關(guān)系，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，此句意為“密切調(diào)查不支持這種聲明”。bearout意為“證明，證實(shí)，支持”。

試題答案：out

5.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的if從句，如果給每個(gè)人提供平等的教育機(jī)會(huì)，那么所有人都是平等的，社會(huì)也會(huì)達(dá)到平衡，這種假設(shè)是一種謬論。levelout意為“達(dá)到平衡”。

試題答案：out

6.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：叢林的舊法則，適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理仍然伴隨我們。with意為“和……在一起”。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。inotheraspect意為“在其他方面”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。payto意為“為……付出代價(jià)”，此處表示我們?yōu)槠降扔^念所付出的口頭功夫。

試題答案：to

9.考查介詞搭配。此處表示私立學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校能夠提供不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)，over意為“超過(guò)，越過(guò)”

試題答案：over

10.考查介詞搭配。此句表示所有的政治意識(shí)形態(tài)都?xì)w于同一件事情。boildownto意為“歸結(jié)為……”。

試題答案：down

1.試題答案：陳詞濫調(diào)

2.試題答案：?jiǎn)适抛u(yù)

3.試題答案：野蠻地，殘忍地

4.試題答案：謬論，謬見(jiàn)

5.試題答案：分配

6.試題答案：嚴(yán)格地

7.試題答案：狡猾的

8.試題答案：持續(xù)

9.試題答案：不加選擇地，隨意地

10.試題答案：專注的，投入的

10.單選題

Thesedays,Jennyhasconsumedalotandhasawhole

ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stack

B.pile

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。astackofbills“一堆賬單”。句意：這些天，珍妮買了很多東西，有大堆賬單等著支付。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Hercinematicdebutwas（）andshedecidedtoreturntothetheatrewheresheremainedfortherestofhercareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indelible

B.infallible

C.incredulous

D.inauspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indelible“難忘的”；infallible“絕對(duì)可靠的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；inauspicious“不詳?shù)摹?。句意：她在電影中的初次登?chǎng)讓人難忘，所以決定重新回到影壇來(lái)繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最擔(dān)心的是:不允許小孩去看望醫(yī)院的媽媽。

語(yǔ)法題。考查動(dòng)名詞的否定。was是系動(dòng)詞，故后面需要用名詞性的詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的否定形式為:not+動(dòng)名詞。因此排除C和D。由于allow與邏輯主語(yǔ)child形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此選B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“設(shè)施”。句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機(jī)。答案B

14.單選題

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B項(xiàng)jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C項(xiàng)manipulate“操作，操縱”，D項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇，威脅”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞disagreementovertraderestrictions（關(guān)于貿(mào)易限制的分歧）和relations（關(guān)系）可猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“貿(mào)易分歧惡化了關(guān)系”，因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有jeopardize符合。句意：貿(mào)易限制問(wèn)題上的分歧可能嚴(yán)重危及兩國(guó)關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Wefrequentlyhearthatdrinkingasmallamountofcoffeecan

behealthy,Thisalwayscomesbacktotheevidencewheresome

1.______

coffee-drinkingisacommonbehavioramonglong-lived,healthy

peopleacrosspopulations.Newsstoriestendtointerpretthis

evidenceoptimistically,reportedthatcoffeemaybegoodforyou.

2.______

Inreality,itmightjustbeaninterestingcorrelation.Randomized,

controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct,asthe

3.______

effectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears,ifnot

4.______

alifetime,torevealthemselves.

Thosewhoclaimthatcoffeeishealthfultendtopointtothose

5.______

highlevelofantioxidants.Butantioxidantsupplementshavenot

beenprovedtocorrelatewithhealthandlongevity.Antioxidants

representavastspectrumofsubstances.VitaminEisan

6.______

antioxidant,andtakingVitamin-Esupplementshasbeenshownto

increasemen’sriskofprostatecancer.

Ifcoffeedoeshaveanaffectonlongevity,itislikelyaresult

7.______

ofsomethingmoreglobalthanthepotentialeffectofantioxidants

—suchthefactthatconstantexposuretocaffeine,evenatlow

8.______

levels,suppressesappetite(inaworldwheremostpeopleeatmore

thanisideal).Orthatitencouragessocialinteraction-itinclines

ustogooutanddothingswithpeople-whichitselfisgenerally

beneficialwithhealth.Thesearelegitimatelypositiveresults.But

9.______

aswithallchemicals,thecomprehensiveeffectofcaffeineonour

healthdependsonhow,andhowmany,weuseit.

10.______

【答案】1.where→that

2.reported→reporting

3.extreme→extremely

4.takes→take

5.to→out

6.vast→broad

7.affect→effect

8.∧the→as

9.with→to

10.many→much

【解析】1.考查同位語(yǔ)從句。evidence后面的從句是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明evidence，所以應(yīng)該是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句；而where是用來(lái)修飾地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，故將where改為that。

2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。report的邏輯主語(yǔ)是newstories，它們之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，所以report應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示伴隨。

3.考查副詞使用。根據(jù)句子“controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct”可知，extreme和difficult都是形容詞，形容詞無(wú)法修飾另外一個(gè)形容詞，故應(yīng)將extreme改為extremely。

4.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)句子“astheeffectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears”可知，take的主語(yǔ)是theeffectsofdietarychanges，是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此take應(yīng)該和主語(yǔ)保持一致，故把takes改為take。

5.考查詞組。pointto多用來(lái)表示指向離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物，意為“指向”，to是介詞，著重于指的方向；而后面的thosehighlevelofantioxidants表示“高度抗氧化劑”，這個(gè)句子的意思是“那些聲稱咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化劑”，所以把pointto改為pointout合適。

6.考查形容詞使用。vast表示“廣闊的，巨大的”；avastspectrumof表示“廣泛的光譜”這與句子意思不符合；應(yīng)該將vast改為broad，abroadspectrumof固定搭配，表示“廣泛的”。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞性辨析。根據(jù)句子可知affect在句中是作名詞，而affect是動(dòng)詞，表示“影響”；如果要用名詞應(yīng)該改為effect“影響”；haveaneffecton表示“對(duì)……有影響”。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子可知破折號(hào)后面是舉例，而suchas為固定搭配，表