書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津農(nóng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題2選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題3選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題4選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA的主要內(nèi)容，可知該段首先介紹了各種類型的欺凌，然后具體分析了英國小學(xué)的欺凌現(xiàn)象，可判斷出整個段落的主要內(nèi)容為：對英國學(xué)校欺凌現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。選項Ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且會讓經(jīng)歷欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮喪。在極端情況下，它甚至?xí)?dǎo)致自殺。下文繼續(xù)提到了受到欺凌的小學(xué)生在成年后更容易遇到交際困難?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬狡哿鑼⒆觽儙淼挠绊?。選項Ⅵ符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知過去學(xué)校會否認(rèn)學(xué)校欺凌這個問題，聲稱學(xué)校沒有欺凌事件。下文繼續(xù)提到學(xué)校的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，許多學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在承認(rèn)欺凌現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，并且會有明確的應(yīng)對措施?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅藢W(xué)校對欺凌事件的態(tài)度變化。選項V符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要對學(xué)校態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的原因進(jìn)行了解釋，此句為中心句。可判斷出此段的主要內(nèi)容為導(dǎo)致學(xué)校采取新的應(yīng)對方法的原因，選項Ⅶ符合題意。

2.單選題

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

問題1選項

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。decreased減少；solved解決；increased

増加；ignored忽視。句意：文化誤解導(dǎo)致語言問題的増加。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

問題1選項

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動詞的用法。A選項regret“感到遺憾，惋惜，后悔”，B選項sympathize“同情，贊同，支持”，C選項beg“懇求，祈求，哀求”，D選項apologize“道歉，謝罪，認(rèn)錯”。句意：很抱歉我們不能參加9月18日的招待會。因此，D選項符合句意。

4.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（

）awholevarietyoftasks.

問題1選項

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:計算機(jī)可以通過編程來各種各樣的任務(wù)。

assign指派,分配;tackle處理;realize意識到;solve解決。故B項符合句意。

5.單選題

Everypresidentmust（）thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.

問題1選項

A.recite

B.swear

C.declare

D.claim

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配，因此選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Harnessingthewindto（）electricitydatesbackto1890.

問題1選項

A.manufacture

B.yield

C.grow

D.generate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:利用風(fēng)來發(fā)電可追溯到1890年。

考查動詞辨析。Manufacture制造,加工;yield出產(chǎn)(作物),產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等),提供,放棄;grow擴(kuò)大,增加,增強(qiáng);generate產(chǎn)生,引起,發(fā)(電)。故D符合句意。

7.單選題

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（

）andhavedeterminedthedirectionofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

問題1選項

A.affluent

B.abundant

C.sufficient

D.bankrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent富裕的，豐富的；abundant充裕的，豐富的；用來形容物。sufficient足夠的，充足的；bankrupt破產(chǎn)的。句意：許多使人民生活富足并且決定了美國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食品生產(chǎn)有關(guān)。由inventions可知發(fā)明都是為了讓人類的生活更好，故可推知這些發(fā)明使人民生活富足。答案A

8.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonmisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialswithhigherefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor

（

）.

4.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.discussingtheimportanceofsolarenergy

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問題2選項

A.explainwhysiliconsolarcellshavebeenthecenterofresearch

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon.

C.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問題3選項

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

問題4選項

A.criticalanddiscouraged

B.biasedandunprofessional

C.analyticalandoptimistic

D.hesitatingandinconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者在開頭指出，太陽能非常重要，進(jìn)一步指出，太陽能電池顯然是太陽能技術(shù)的重要組成部分，其成本高的問題尚未解決。作者接下來討論對太陽能電池的研究以及生產(chǎn)硅電池遇到的困難。在第三段，作者指出，有一種解決問題的辦法，那就是非結(jié)晶材料。所以全文的主要目的是把非結(jié)晶材料作為一種有可能解決太陽能電池成本高的問題，D選項‘描述了光伏電池成本問題的一種可能解決方案’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsmakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.最近，有一些富有想象力的嘗試使多晶硅和帶狀硅的成本低于高質(zhì)量的單晶；但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的材料的效率一直低得令人無法接受。此外，這些材料之所以更便宜，只是因為晶體半導(dǎo)體中引入了無序，無序降低了晶體太陽能電池的效率”可知引入結(jié)晶半導(dǎo)體的無序會降低晶體硅太陽能電池的效率，C選項‘盡量減少近期硅太陽能電池改進(jìn)的重要性’正確。

3.推理判斷題。盡管作者沒有明確提倡為非結(jié)晶材料提供更多的研究基金，但全文隱含了這一論點。在第一段中Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsinglecrystalsolarcells研究經(jīng)費的大部分用于研究單晶太陽能電池”。根據(jù)第三段主題句可知，非結(jié)晶材料可以成為硅電池的替代品。因此可以推知，應(yīng)増加對非結(jié)晶材料的研究基金。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。從文章可知，文中采用了大量的數(shù)據(jù)，有整數(shù)也有百分比；并且因為最后一段最后的內(nèi)容表明作者的樂觀的態(tài)度。本文通篇以事實描述的口吻向讀者展示關(guān)于利用非晶材料節(jié)約太陽能發(fā)電節(jié)約成本的問題，并不帶有主觀色彩，而末尾對非結(jié)晶材料的使用又抱有希望，所以C選項‘分析的和樂觀的’正確。

9.單選題

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

問題1選項

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。putsb.in，一般不單獨使用;putsb.out“使某人不高興”；putsb.on,一般不單獨使用；putsb.up“給某人提供食宿”。根據(jù)空格處后面的foranight可知只有選項D符合題意，“給他提供食宿的女士”。

10.單選題

問題1選項

A.Theprevalenceoftele-medicineservicesamongUScompanies

B.Theadvocacyoftele-medicineservicesinUS

C.Theacceptanceoftele-medicineservicesinUS

D.Thedisadvantagesoftele-medicineservicesinUS

問題2選項

A.Theyarelackoftrustintele-medicineservices

B.Theyarenotadeptatinternetcommunication

C.Theyfeelimpolitewithoutshakinghandswithdoctors

D.Theyareafraidofexposureofpersonalinformation

問題3選項

A.Itensurepeoplemoreleisuretime

B.Itdon'thavetopayforthedoctorvisit

C.ltcanprovidemorepersonalenvironment

D.ltdoeslittleinfluenceonworktime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:對于主旨的把握，可以通過短文首尾來解決。文章一開頭說到美國的很多大中型企業(yè)為員工提供了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)，但采用的很少。結(jié)尾處說到對于年輕人來說，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療可能是一個好的選擇?？芍疚牡闹饕v述對象就是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療，因此C選項正確。

第2題:文中提到老年人不原因在網(wǎng)上看醫(yī)生的原因是“olderpeopledon'thavetrustintelemedicineandservices（他們不信任遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)）”，因此A選項正確。

第3題:遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療對年輕人來說是個更好的選擇，原因在于“Itcancutdownonthetimeawayfromwork（它可以減少人們離開工作的時間）”，說明對工作時間影響不大。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Listentomusic.

B.Readmagazines.

C.Goplaytennis.

D.Stayinthehouse.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Louise,whatareyoudoingnow?

W:Oh,justlisteningtomusic,lookingthroughmagazines.

M:Stayinginthehouseonanicedaylikethis?Comeon,let’sgoplaytennis.

W:Ohgreat!Youmademyday.

Q:Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

【解析】態(tài)度方向。對話中女士在聽音樂、看雜志，男士建議她出去打網(wǎng)球。女士說great。

12.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無上”。句意：捐贈者的疲倦和這個國家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來越渺茫。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Salesmanshipistheabilitytoswaypeopletowillinglybuyproductsorsupportnewideas.

問題1選項

A.educate

B.expect

C.allow

D.persuade

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項educate“教育，培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練”，B項expect“期望，指望，認(rèn)為”，C項allow“允許，給予，認(rèn)可”，D項persuade“說服，勸說，使某人相信”。句意：推銷術(shù)是說服人們愿意購買產(chǎn)品或支持新想法的能力。sway在句中表示“說服”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是D項。因此，該題選擇D項。

14.單選題

Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslooksliketileonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.ButtheremaybemilerkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistryandtheymaymultiplyonVenususorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.

Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives.Butman'ssocietiesarealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividualshave.

Itisnotlikelythatthistransitionalsituationwillcontinueverytongortheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousand,yearsfromnowman'ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretainnosenseofseparatepersonality.Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.

Theexplorers-ofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.Iftheyarriveonaforeignplanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabitedbyasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.

Theunitsmaybe"'secondary,'"machinescreatedmillionsofyearsagobyapreviousformoflifeandgiventhewillandability'tosurviveandreproduce.Theymaybebuiltentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials,ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheirenvironmentmultiplyingunderconditionsthatwoulddestroyimmediatelyanyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundanddependentonthefamiliarcarboncycle.

Suchcreaturesmightberelicsofapastage,manymillionsofyearsago,whentheirplanetwasfavorabletotheoriginoflifeortheymightbeimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.

1.Whatdoestheword"cheer"(Para.1,Line2)imply?

2.HumansonEartharecharacterizedby（）

.

3.Accordingtothispassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually（）

.

4.Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat（）.

5.Itseemsthatthewriter（）

.

問題1選項

A.Imaginativemenaresureofsuccessinfindinglifeonotherplanets.

B.Imaginativemenaredelightedtofindlifeonotherplanets.

C.Imaginativemenarehappytofindadifferentkindoflifeexistingonotherplanets.

D.Imaginativemencanbepleasedwiththeideathattheremightexistdifferentformsoflifeonotherplanets.

問題2選項

A.theirexistenceasfreeandseparatebeings

B.theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditions

C.theirgreatpowerandeffectiveness

D.theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety

問題3選項

A.humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperative

B.manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworld

C.machineswilltakecontroloverman

D.livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarth

問題4選項

A.humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanets

B.planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostay

C.itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbody

D.organismsaremorecreativethanmachines

問題5選項

A.isinterestedintheimaginarylifeforms

B.iseagertofindadifferentformoflife

C.iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeform

D.iscriticaloftheimaginativepeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...whetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheer...lifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.”當(dāng)富有想象力的人們將目光投向太空，想知道生命是否存在于其它地方時，他們可能會因為想到生命不一定要與地球上存在的生命相同而感到歡欣鼓舞。選項D符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第二、三句“Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives."個體保持著強(qiáng)烈的個性。事實上，在有利的環(huán)境下，他們?nèi)匀挥心芰^個人生活。說明地球上的人們是自由存在的個體，選項A符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.”100萬年后，人類和他的機(jī)器可能“融合得像人體肌肉和驅(qū)動肌肉運動的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞一樣緊密”。所以選項C符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第三段“Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.”那么多有機(jī)體的有機(jī)部分和由它構(gòu)成的無機(jī)物（機(jī)器）之間就沒有什么區(qū)別了。選項C符合原文。

第5題:選項A對想象中的生命形式感興趣；選項B渴望尋找不同的生命形式；選項C認(rèn)為一定存在某種新的生命形式；選項D批判富有想象力的人。根據(jù)全文可以推斷，選項A更符合原文。

15.單選題

Thehousesinthisareawereallreactedin（）ofhousingregulations.

問題1選項

A.compliance

B.defiance

C.alliance

D.obedience

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配題。compliance“順從；服從”；defiance“蔑視；挑戰(zhàn)；反抗”；alliance“聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合”；obedience“服從；遵守”，根據(jù)橫線前后的in和of可知此處只能選擇defiance，indefianceof表示“不顧；無視”。句意：這個地區(qū)的房子建得都很不……房屋規(guī)范。故正確答案為選項B。

16.單選題

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.

Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.

Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.

“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.

“Mygutfeelingislivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”

Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.

Thepressurestemsfromamantraofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

31.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

32.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?

33.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?

34.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?

35.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?

問題1選項

A.Tofacilitateadministration.

B.Tocopewithemergencies.

C.Toreducemedicalerror.

D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

問題2選項

A.Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.

C.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.

D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.

問題3選項

A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.

B.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.

C.Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.

D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.

問題4選項

A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.

B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitalsrevenues.

C.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.

D.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.

問題5選項

A.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.

B.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.

C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.

D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章中第一段“Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.為了遏制醫(yī)療失誤，醫(yī)院投入巨資將電腦、智能手機(jī)和其他設(shè)備交給醫(yī)務(wù)人員，以便即時獲取患者數(shù)據(jù)、藥品信息和案例研究。”可知C項“減少醫(yī)療事故?！闭_。A項“方便行政管理?！保籅項“應(yīng)付緊急情況。”；C項“減少醫(yī)療事故。”；D項“簡化醫(yī)療程序。”，因此C選項正確。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】例證題。按題干定位詞“distracteddoctoring”定位在第三段。而distracteddoctoring所描述的是第三段首句的“thisphenomenon”，講的是第二段中所例證的phenomenon，所以答案往上一段找。第二段首句舉例說明了隨之而來的“sideeffect”——“doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient”“admittedtextingduringaprocedure”，可見作者通過說“distracteddoctoring”是想說明devices的“sideeffect”，即B選項。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章中的第六段“Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,‘Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.’一項對439名醫(yī)療技術(shù)人員的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，55%監(jiān)控心臟搭橋機(jī)的技術(shù)人員承認(rèn)，他們在心臟手術(shù)期間用手機(jī)通話。一半的人說他們在手術(shù)時發(fā)過短信。該研究總結(jié)道：‘這種干擾有可能帶來災(zāi)難性的后果?！笨芍狢項“醫(yī)生與設(shè)備的互動可能會危及患者的生命?！闭_。A項“醫(yī)學(xué)生在使用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)方面沒有得到充分的訓(xùn)練?！?；B項“醫(yī)生們過于依賴現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)?！?；C項“醫(yī)生與設(shè)備的互動可能會危及患者的生命?！?；D項“醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的壓力可能變得勢不可擋?！?，因此C選項正確。