書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項orrather“更準(zhǔn)確說，倒不如說”，B項ratherthan“而不是”，C項butrather“而寧可說是”，D項otherthan“除了，不同于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞drug（藥物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表轉(zhuǎn)折，只有C項表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：有時病人遭受嚴(yán)重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題2選項

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

問題3選項

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章回答了下列哪個問題?’根據(jù)第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會問：它是怎樣到達(dá)樹頂?shù)哪?？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚壓力理論解答了“水移動到樹頂端的原因?！贝_定C選項“水如何到達(dá)樹的頂端”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一段中提到的第一個實驗證明了什么?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當(dāng)高的高度?！贝_定B選項“植物的莖的細(xì)胞不能抽水”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘植物學(xué)家是如何知道根壓并不是推動植物水分流動的唯一力量的?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根壓完全不足以將水推到樹頂。此外，作為最高樹木之一的針葉樹，其根壓也低得異乎尋常?！贝_定A選項“一些非常高的樹木有微弱的壓力”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章支持下列哪個陳述?’根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根據(jù)目前為人們所接受的內(nèi)聚壓力的理論，水是被拉到上面去的?！贝_定D選項“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變他們有關(guān)水在植物中移動的理論”正確；也由此知A選項“水是被推到樹的頂端的”和C選項“大氣壓力把水吸到高大樹木的頂端”不正確，排除；根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當(dāng)高的高度。”確定B選項“植物學(xué)家己經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞能充當(dāng)泵”不正確。

3.單選題

OurheritageandourculturehavecausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonaFilipinotoone’sside,orthatinItalycurlingthefingerinabeckoningmotionisagestureoffarewell.

ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheU.S,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidetours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives,usuallythemoreaffluent——whospeakEnglish.Ourbusiness,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,dealingsareconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryoftheworld,thedispenseroftheneededfundsandcommodities,thepeacemaker,the“topbanana”intheglobalcast.Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.

1.Whentheauthoruses“nearsightedness”，heistalking（

）.

2.Thepassageinformsusthat?

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theauthorismostprobably（

）bynationality.

問題1選項

A.metaphorically

B.ironically

C.humorously

D.sarcastically

問題2選項

A.Americansdonotunderstandtheirownheritageandculturewell

B.theauthordoesnotmindAmericans,culturalblindness

C.Americanspaylittleattentiontoforeigncustomsandlanguages

D.Americahasnoproblemsintheworldbecauseit’sthemostpowerfulcountry

問題3選項

A.Americaisbecomingawarlikecountry

B.theAmericanroleintheworldisnolongerproper

C.Americawillbecomethemostpowerfulagainifitstartstolearnforeigncustoms

D.Americashouldn’tremainblindandignorantwithrespecttoothernations’cultures

問題4選項

A.SomeAmericancitizenssentpoisonsasgiftstoGermanyafterW.W.II.

B.AFilipinowillprobablyapproachanAmericanwhowavesbye-bye.

C.ItmaybeunfriendlytoLatinstokeepmorethan3feetawayfromthem.

D.Italiansusethefingermotionstoexpressbye-bye.

問題5選項

A.anItalian

B.anAmerican

C.aFilipino

D.aGerman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者使用‘目光短淺’時，她正在說……”。文章第三段提到“我們在語言和文化上的近視眼以及不注意去留意他國的愛好，習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗和語言正讓我們在世界上失去朋友，業(yè)務(wù)及尊重”（Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld），選項A“比喻地”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章告訴我們……”。文章第三段提到“我們在語言和文化上的近視眼以及不注意去留意他國的愛好，習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗和語言正讓我們在世界上失去朋友，業(yè)務(wù)及尊重”（Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld），說明美國人不注重別國的習(xí)俗，選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“我們能從文章中得出……”文章最后一段提到過去美國人習(xí)慣忽視他國的語言和文化，因為那個時候美國很強(qiáng)大。但是已經(jīng)是過去時了，我們應(yīng)該意識到我們在世界上的獨(dú)特作用正在改變（Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging），說明現(xiàn)在美國不應(yīng)該像以前那樣忽視他國的語言和文化，選項D“美國人不應(yīng)該忽視他國的文化”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)作者的描述，下列哪項陳述是不真實的”。文章第二段提到“給二戰(zhàn)后占領(lǐng)德國的美國軍隊寄送包裹的美國人為了避稅而在包裹上標(biāo)示‘GIFT’”，而不愿麻煩去發(fā)現(xiàn)‘GIFT’在德語中是“毒藥”的意思（ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman），由此可知選項A的描述是不真實的，是美國人為了避稅錯把GIFT（毒藥）當(dāng)GIFT（禮物），符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者可能是哪個國家的人”。文章使用的是第一人稱，文章多次用“ourheritageandourculture”或者“weareslowlybeginningtorealize…”可以推測作者最有可能是美國人。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Peterknewclearlythathewasnotstrongenoughtoreplacehisboss.Hereasoned,therefore,thathemust（

）histime.

問題1選項

A.hide

B.ride

C.slide

D.bide

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hide意為“隱藏”；ride意為“乘，騎”；slide意為“滑落”；bide意為“等待，停留”。句意：Peter清楚地知道他不夠強(qiáng)大，不足以取代他的老板。因此，他推斷他必須等待時機(jī)。

5.單選題

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absurd表示“荒謬的”；A項compelling“引人注目的，令人信服的”，B項rational“合理的，理性的”，C項ridiculous“可笑的，荒謬的”，D項ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”。句意：沒有什么比說人類命中注定更荒謬的了。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。

6.單選題

Weneedachairman（）.

問題1選項

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們需要一個每個人都對他有信心的主席。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句?？崭袂懊娌糠纸Y(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整，而且結(jié)合選項可知，空格部分是定語從句。由“haveconfidenceinsomebody”表示“對某人有信心”可知，先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，即whom指代chairman，并且將介詞in提前。故選B。

7.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問題2選項

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問題3選項

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問題4選項

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實現(xiàn)另一個社區(qū)的代價,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過這種做法帶來的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”?？芍髡呤菍Ρ就恋钠髽I(yè)持有比較樂觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項“它不會犧牲一個當(dāng)?shù)貏趧恿Φ睦娑沽硪粋€勞動力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢比較明顯，同時三種發(fā)展策略對經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項“審查和評估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

8.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

問題1選項

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

問題2選項

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

問題3選項

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

問題4選項

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

問題5選項

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】

1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”偵探小說通常是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人放松之余的創(chuàng)作。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”盡管從表面上看,可以被認(rèn)出來,但有可能是我們不那么親密的伙伴。由此可以推斷,偵探小說主人公的特點(diǎn),一般來說,給人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是沒可能,選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多數(shù)偵探小說作者都認(rèn)真地提供了一個合理真實的背景。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我們對生活的一切希望都是間接實現(xiàn)的。也就是體現(xiàn)在偵探小說中,選項D符合原文。

9.單選題

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

問題2選項

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

問題3選項

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

問題4選項

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

問題5選項

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到關(guān)于電腦最讓人驚訝的不是它們沒有人類擅長思考，而是它們竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士對于女人布道的看法一樣，他認(rèn)為讓人驚訝的是女人能布道。選項B符合題意，他為女人能布道感到開心，雖然沒有男人好。

2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到電腦缺乏人類的動力和情感。選項B符合題意。

3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活節(jié)奏緩慢的情況下，人類的大腦有一個固有的缺點(diǎn)，選項A符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出來的人工智能的推理能力將會追上人腦，由此可知計算機(jī)最終會擁有和人一樣的推理能力，成為新的智能生命形式，選項A排除；作者在最后一段中提及計算機(jī)將超越人類的成就（anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements），并且提到智力的進(jìn)化不會停止，因為人類將創(chuàng)造出一個新的智力物種（newspecies）選項C、D排除。所以選項B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句話thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到這種新的智能生命體更可能由硅組成，可知不是必須由有機(jī)物構(gòu)成這個說法是對的，選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Onescientificdiscipline,duringitsearlystagesofdevelopment,isoftenrelatedtoanotherasanantithesistoitsthesis.Thethesisdisciplinetendtoconcernitselfwithdiscoveryandclassificationofphenomena,toofferholisticexplanationsemphasizingpatternandform,andtouseexistingtheorytoexplainthewidestpossiblerangeofphenomena.Thepairedorantidiscipline,ontheotherhand,canbecharacterizedbyamorefocusedapproach,concentratingontheunitsofconstruction,andbyabeliefthatthedisciplinecanbereformulatedintermsoftheissuesandexplanationsoftheantidiscipline.

Therelationshipofcytology(cellbiology)tobiochemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury,whenbothdisciplinesweregrowingatarapidpace,exemplifiessuchapattern.Researchersincellbiologyfoundmountingevidenceofanintricatecellarchitecture.Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous,networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayinthecore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.

Ingeneral,biochemistsjudgedcytologiststobetooignorantofchemistrytograspthebasicprocesses,whereascytologistsconsideredthemethodsofbiochemistsinadequatetocharacterizethestructuresofthelivingcell.TherenewalofMendeliangeneticsand,later,progressinchromosomemappingdidlittleatfirsttoeffectasynthesis.

Bothsideswereessentiallycorrect.Biochemistryhasmorethanjustifieditsextravagantearlyclaimsbyexplainingsomuchofthecellularmachinery.Butinachievingthisfeat(mostlysince1950)ithasbeenpartiallytransformedintothehewdisciplineofmolecularbiology—biochemistiythatdealswithspatialarrangementsandmovementsoflargemolecules.Atthesametimecytologyhasmetamorphosedintomodemcellularbiology.Aidedbyelectronmicroscopy,ithasbecomemoresimilarinlanguageandoutlooktomolecularbiology.Theinteractionofadisciplineanditsantidisciplinehasmovedbothsciencestowardasynthesis,namelymoleculargenetics.

Thisinteractionbetwee