書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東電子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen（）didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attacked...stoically

B.attacking...stoic

C.attacked...stoic

D.attacking...stoically

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語為coolmusicians，when后面的空格應(yīng)該是指當(dāng)音樂家受到攻擊時(shí)，所以主語musicians和動(dòng)詞attack之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用attacked過去分詞來修飾音樂家，故選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)responded動(dòng)詞，可判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。句意：冷酷的音樂家需要尊重，當(dāng)被攻擊時(shí)，當(dāng)他們受到的攻擊沒有爆發(fā)時(shí)，他們就像總統(tǒng)一樣，反應(yīng)冷靜。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

JustafewsecondsoffrenziedpassiononthefloorofthepublicbarandthingswouldneverbethesameagainforMichelle.Itonlytookafewminutestoruinherlife.Theendofallherhopesanddreams,herchildhoodandteenageinnocence,allstrippedawaythefirstandonlytimesheeversurrenderedherselftoaman.

Noonesawithappen,butthenewsspreadfast.Itwasn’tlongbeforethewholeofBritainknewwhathadhappenedintheQueenVictoria—DirtyDen,thelandlord,haddoneitagain.Onlythistimehehadgonetoofar.

Forthemillionswhohaveagonizedwithher,Michelle’spregnancyseemsaterriblepricetopayforonemistake—alittleyouthfulstupidity.Yet,withtheincreasingnumberofteenagesinglemums,it’snotjustaproblemdreamedupforasoapopera—asactressSusanTully,whoplaysMichelle,hasdiscoveredfromhundredsofletters:It’sadilemmamanyyounggirlsface.

AsshetalksaboutMichelleandherbaby,it’seasytounderstandwhySusanhasbeensosuccessfulintherole.Eventhoughshe’sneverhadanexperiencelikeitherself,it’sonesherecognizesalltooclearlyfromwhathappenstosomeofhercontemporariesatschool.MichellemightalmostbeheryoungersisterratherthanafictionalpartinBritain’smostsuccessfulsoapopera.

Susansaysthatsheneverbecameinvolvedwithmenduringherschoolyearsbecauseofherwork.Withhertimebeingsplitequallybetweenschoolandtelevisionstudios,shewasbusylearninglineswhilehergirlfriendsweredatingboys.Whiletheywentouttodiscosandpartiesintheeveningshewasdesperatelycatchinguponherschoolwork.

“Idon’tfeelasthoughI’vemissedoutonanything,”sheinsists.“Andunlikealotofmyfriends.I’vegotplentytolookforwardto.That’swhat’ssoniceaboutmyboyfriendnow.It’sverycomfortableandthere’slotstofindoutabouteachother.”

“It’sthenthatIfeelsadforMichelle.Whensheshouldbegoingoutandhavingfun,she’shavingtoworryaboutwhethershe’sgoingtobreastfeedthebaby.She’ssadtosaygoodbyetobeingateenager.”

1.WhatevidenceistherethatMichelle’spregnancyisnotjustaproblemdreamedupforasoapopera?

2.HowdidSusanavoidthedangersthatmanyofherschoolfriendsfaced?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

4.Whatdoestheword“l(fā)ines”inparagraph5mean?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Michellehasgotseverallettersfromsomeyoungpeople.

B.Michellealwayshasseveralappointmentseveryweek.

C.Susanbecameinvolvedwithmenduringherschoolyears.

D.Susanhasgotmanylettersfrompeopleinthesamesituation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BythinkingofMichelleasheryoungersister.

B.Bydoingmanyprojectsathome.

C.ByworkinghardatschoolandattheTVstudio.

D.Bydatingherboyfriendduringherschoolyears.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SusanplayedMichellesuccessfullyinasoapopera.

B.Michelle’scaseisnotrareintheBritishschools.

C.Girlsshouldnotyieldthemselvestoamaneasily.

D.Susanshouldhavetakenpartindiscosandpartiesinherschoolyears.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Directionofacourse.

B.Wordsspokenbyanactor.

C.Threadforhangingclothes.

D.Telephoneconnection.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SorryforSusanTully

B.SorryforMichelle

C.Susan’sSchoolYears

D.Susan’sHopesandDreams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Yet,withtheincreasingnumberofteenagesinglemums,it’snotjustaproblemdreamedupforasoapopera—asactressSusanTully,whoplaysMichelle,hasdiscoveredfromhundredsofletters:It’sadilemmamanyyounggirlsface.（然而，隨著十幾歲的單身媽媽越來越多，這不僅僅是肥皂劇里才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問題——正如飾演米歇爾的女演員蘇珊?塔利從數(shù)百封信中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣：這是許多年輕女孩面臨的兩難境地。），說明蘇珊?塔利收到的許多相同情況的信件證明了這不僅僅是肥皂劇里才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問題。因此D選項(xiàng)“蘇珊收到了很多相同情況的人的信”正確。A選項(xiàng)“米歇爾收到了幾封來自一些年輕人的信”，B選項(xiàng)“米歇爾每周總是有幾個(gè)約會(huì)”，C選項(xiàng)“蘇珊在學(xué)生時(shí)代就開始與男人交往”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第二句Withhertimebeingsplitequallybetweenschoolandtelevisionstudios,shewasbusylearninglineswhilehergirlfriendsweredatingboys.（她把時(shí)間平均分配在了學(xué)習(xí)和演戲上，當(dāng)別的女孩子在和男生約會(huì)的時(shí)候她卻在忙著記臺(tái)詞。），說明蘇珊是通過努力學(xué)習(xí)和演戲來充實(shí)自己，從而避免了她的許多朋友所面臨的危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)“通過在學(xué)校和電視工作室努力工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過把米歇爾當(dāng)作她的妹妹”，B選項(xiàng)“通過在家里做許多項(xiàng)目”，D選項(xiàng)“通過在上學(xué)期間與她的男朋友約會(huì)”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“蘇珊在一部肥皂劇中成功地扮演了米歇爾”，由原文it’seasytounderstandwhySusanhasbeensosuccessfulintherole.（很容易理解為什么蘇珊在這個(gè)角色上如此成功）可知，蘇珊在一部肥皂劇中成功地扮演了米歇爾，A選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“米歇爾的情況在英國學(xué)校里并不罕見”，由原文it’sonesherecognizesalltooclearlyfromwhathappenstosomeofhercontemporariesatschool.（從她在學(xué)校的同齡人身上發(fā)生的事情來看，她清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。）可知，米歇爾的情況在英國學(xué)校里經(jīng)常發(fā)生，B選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“女孩不應(yīng)該輕易向男人屈服”，由原文Theendofallherhopesanddreams,herchildhoodandteenageinnocence,allstrippedawaythefirstandonlytimesheeversurrenderedherselftoaman.（她所有希望和夢(mèng)想的終點(diǎn)，她童年和少年時(shí)的純真，都在她第一次也是唯一一次屈服于一個(gè)男人時(shí)被剝奪了。）可知，女孩不應(yīng)該輕易向男人屈服，否則會(huì)造成很嚴(yán)重的后果，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“蘇珊在學(xué)生時(shí)代應(yīng)該去跳迪斯科、參加派對(duì)”，由原文Whiletheywentouttodiscosandpartiesintheeveningshewasdesperatelycatchinguponherschoolwork.（晚上，他們一起去跳迪斯科、參加派對(duì)，她卻在拼命地補(bǔ)功課。）可知，蘇珊沒有去跳迪斯科、參加派對(duì)，而是通過努力學(xué)習(xí)避免了其他同學(xué)所面臨的危險(xiǎn)，D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，所以本題選D。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ines”可以定位到文章第五段第二句Withhertimebeingsplitequallybetweenschoolandtelevisionstudios,shewasbusylearninglineswhilehergirlfriendsweredatingboys.（她把時(shí)間平均分配在了學(xué)習(xí)和演戲上，當(dāng)別的女孩子在和男生約會(huì)的時(shí)候她卻在忙著記臺(tái)詞。），說明“l(fā)ines”在文中是指“劇本臺(tái)詞”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“演員的臺(tái)詞”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一條路線的方向”，C選項(xiàng)“用于懸掛衣服的線”，D選項(xiàng)“電話連接”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章由蘇珊扮演的角色米歇爾開場，然后由這個(gè)場景引發(fā)了蘇珊對(duì)目前很多年輕女孩成為未成年母親問題的一些探討，接著她聯(lián)系到了自己的生活——緊張而充實(shí)。和別的同齡人不一樣，她很滿意目前自己和男朋友之間保持一定距離的關(guān)系，但是這又讓她想到了米歇爾，為米歇爾過早地承受本不應(yīng)屬于她這個(gè)年齡的痛苦感到痛惜。因此B選項(xiàng)“為米歇爾感到難過”符合文章的主旨，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“為蘇珊?塔利難過”，由原文可知，蘇珊沒有對(duì)自己的生活感到痛惜，相反她對(duì)自己的現(xiàn)狀非常滿意，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“蘇珊的學(xué)生時(shí)代”，D選項(xiàng)“蘇珊的希望和夢(mèng)想”，由原文可知，本文大量的篇幅還是圍繞米歇爾展開話題的，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Fatherdoesnotlike（

）meat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lean

B.slim

C.skinny

D.slender

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意：父親不喜歡瘦肉。只有選項(xiàng)A能與meat搭配，其他選項(xiàng)只能修飾人。

4.單選題

Theyaskedustocometotheirpartybutwe（

）theinvitation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rejected

B.refused

C.declined

D.spurn

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。reject“拒絕，指斷然拒絕接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒絕，回絕”；decline“拒絕，通常指有禮貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐視，唾棄”。句意：他們邀請(qǐng)我們?nèi)⒓铀麄兊木蹠?huì)，但是我們婉拒了。由題干語境可知拒絕參加聚會(huì)應(yīng)該是婉言拒絕。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Outputisnowsixtimes（

）itwasbeforeliberation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.asmuch

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句子主語為output，謂語為is，sixtimes后面的內(nèi)容是整個(gè)句子的賓語從句，從句缺少表語，既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句又能在從句中做成分的為what。句意：現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是解放前產(chǎn)量的六倍。

6.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競爭為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！倍恼碌谝欢沃饕v的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競爭的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競爭是必需的。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國科學(xué)家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運(yùn)用了科學(xué)的管理方法，被認(rèn)為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當(dāng)時(shí)常見的奴隸式的方法。動(dòng)詞短語emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強(qiáng)調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)管理方法的科學(xué)性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

7.單選題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?

2.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.

3.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.

4.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.

5.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.

B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.

C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.

D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toincreasefarmproduction

B.toestablishagriculturallaws

C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankrupt

D.topromotethemechanizationofagriculture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducetheirscaleofproduction

B.makefulluseoftheirland

C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproducts

D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts

B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpower

C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmers

D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reducingthecostoffarming

B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation

C.loweringtheburdenoffarmers

D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?是什么導(dǎo)致了對(duì)美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降？

A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.A.大蕭條的影響。

B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.B.海外市場的萎縮。

C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.C.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞。

D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.D.歐洲國家出口的增加。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第一句“20世紀(jì)20年代，隨著歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)，并開始實(shí)施緊縮計(jì)劃以減少進(jìn)口，對(duì)美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降。（demandforAmericanfarmproductsfell）。”由此可知?dú)W洲國家減少了進(jìn)口，可推斷海外市場變得萎縮。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“大蕭條的影響?！保笫挆l使得美國對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降更嚴(yán)重，而不是導(dǎo)致美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞?！?，文中提到“歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”，是歐洲國家開始在一戰(zhàn)后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)導(dǎo)致他們進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品減少，而不是一戰(zhàn)造成的破壞使美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“歐洲國家出口的增加?！?，文中提到“歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”歐洲國家減少了進(jìn)口，但是文中沒有說歐洲國家增加出口，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.20世紀(jì)20年代，美國政府在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域最關(guān)心的是____。

A.toincreasefarmproductionA.增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)

B.toestablishagriculturallawsB.制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律

C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptC.防止農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)

D.topromotethemechanizationofagricultureD.推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“它確立了直接干預(yù)供求關(guān)系的原則（theprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand），并代表了第一個(gè)為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國家承諾?！庇纱丝赏茢嗾扇≈苯痈深A(yù)農(nóng)業(yè)供求矛盾，原則上為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性，即預(yù)防農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)”，根據(jù)文章可知，這段時(shí)期農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降，因此政府不可能要增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律”，政府制定法律的目的是為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國家承諾，保護(hù)他們不破產(chǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化”，文章第一段提到“這一時(shí)期對(duì)農(nóng)民來說比以前更糟糕，因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民不再自給自足。他們購買機(jī)器、種子和肥料，也購買消費(fèi)品。農(nóng)民購買的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格保持不變，而他們收到的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格卻下降了。”，也就是說他們購買的機(jī)器價(jià)格不變但是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降，因此政府不會(huì)推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案鼓勵(lì)美國農(nóng)民____。

A.reducetheirscaleofproductionA.減少他們的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模

B.makefulluseoftheirlandB.充分利用他們的土地

C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsC.調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格

D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproductionD.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力，這些農(nóng)民收取費(fèi)用讓他們停止使用自己的土地（taketheirlandoutofuse）。”由此可知該法案減少農(nóng)民的權(quán)力，讓他們停止使用自己的土地，由此可推斷該法案讓農(nóng)民減少生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“充分利用他們的土地”，文章沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格”，文中提到“故意造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價(jià)格?！敝傅氖峭ㄟ^農(nóng)民減少產(chǎn)量導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上升，而不是農(nóng)民自己調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足”，文章沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.大法院駁回了農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為該法案____。

A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsA.可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺

B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerB.沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長足夠的權(quán)力

C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersC.對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處

D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothersD.以犧牲他人為代價(jià)使一部分公民受益

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲，理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體?！币约啊傲_斯福政府認(rèn)為，重建國家的土地符合國家利益，而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃（wasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens）?！庇纱丝芍摲ò甘轻槍?duì)一部分人的，犧牲其他公民利益來幫助農(nóng)民，因此推斷是犧牲他人使一部分公民受益。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長足夠的權(quán)力”，文中提及“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力”，說明農(nóng)業(yè)部長有足夠的權(quán)力，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處”，文中提及“羅斯福政府認(rèn)為，重建國家的土地符合國家利益，而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?！?，說明該法案對(duì)農(nóng)民是有好處的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.據(jù)稱，羅斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律旨在____。

A.reducingthecostoffarmingA.降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本

B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationB.從國家長遠(yuǎn)利益出發(fā)，保護(hù)土壤

C.loweringtheburdenoffarmersC.減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)

D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayersD.幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“然而，新的法律立即通過，達(dá)到了同樣的結(jié)果，休養(yǎng)土壤和提供防洪措施，但這些是基于土壤保護(hù)的原則（basedontheprincipleofsoilconservation）。”由此可知新法律旨在保護(hù)土壤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”可以定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“羅斯福政府相信重建國家的土地符合國家利益，而不僅僅是以犧牲其他公民為代價(jià)幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?！笨芍_斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律確實(shí)將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)接給其他納稅人了，所以文章在第三段第五句才提到“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲，理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體?！?，D選項(xiàng)中的“不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”和原文相悖，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.

Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.

Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”

Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.

Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”

6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?

7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?

8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?

9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?

10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.

C.Theyseemtobestronger.

D.Theytendtobebetteroff.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.

B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.

C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.

D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Geneticfactor.

B.Parentingmodel.

C.Resourceallocation.

D.Siblingcompetition.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Immigrantbackgroundscaninfluencechildren’ssecondlanguageability.

B.Earlyeducationcanmakeupforbirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisition.

C.Children’sintellectualdevelopmentisimportantforsecondlanguagelearning.

D.Thebirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthesamplesize.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Givingfinancialsupporttothosewithfewerresources.

B.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofparents.

C.Callingoneducationinstitutionstoofferfreecourses.

D.Carryingoutmorestudiesonlanguageacquisitionabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.（第一個(gè)出生的孩子往往比他們的弟弟妹妹賺更多的錢；他們更有可能獲得高級(jí)學(xué)位，他們成為總統(tǒng)、總理和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的幾率略高。他們甚至比后來出生的兄弟姐妹壽命更長。）”，由此可推斷出先出生的孩子往往境況更好。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诩覄?wù)方面更有幫助”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“他們的壽命較短”說法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們看起來更強(qiáng)壯”文中也沒有提到；D選項(xiàng)“他們往往比較富?！闭_。A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表現(xiàn)出更差的第二語言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二語言能力比較強(qiáng)。A選項(xiàng)“孩子多的父母與孩子相處的時(shí)間往往更少”；B選項(xiàng)“移民家庭對(duì)孩子的語言能力關(guān)注較少”；C選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹較少的孩子有更好的第二語言能力”；D選項(xiàng)“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)第二語言”，A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段寫到：Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”（他們引用了一個(gè)“資源稀釋模型”，在這個(gè)模型中，第一個(gè)出生的孩子受益于父母更多的資源投資。研究人員寫到，“每增加一個(gè)兄弟姐妹意味著分配給每個(gè)孩子的資源份額減少，從而減少了他們智力發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。”）。由此可知先后出生的孩子在資源分配上存在著差異。A選項(xiàng)“遺傳因素”；B選項(xiàng)“教育模式”；C選項(xiàng)“資源分配”；D選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹競爭”。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.（此外，接觸早教機(jī)構(gòu)抵消了出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響。在研究人員看來，這是這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵。）”，由此可知研究中最關(guān)鍵的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是早期教育可以幫助彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響。A選項(xiàng)“移民背景會(huì)影響兒童的第二語言能力”；B選項(xiàng)“早期教育可以彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“兒童的智力發(fā)展對(duì)第二語言學(xué)習(xí)很重要”；D選項(xiàng)“出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響取決于樣本量”。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.（考慮到移民家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源較少，而這些資源會(huì)影響孩子的發(fā)展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持，這樣他們的孩子就能在學(xué)術(shù)生涯中獲得最好的機(jī)會(huì)。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的支持。A選項(xiàng)“向資源較少的人提供財(cái)政支持”；B選項(xiàng)“為父母提供更多的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“呼吁教育機(jī)構(gòu)提供免費(fèi)課程”；D選項(xiàng)“開展更多的語言習(xí)得能力研究”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.（46）alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe（47）inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The（48）studentisconsideredtobe（49）whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof（50）,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned（51）briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis（52）forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis（53）,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith（54）guidance.Itisthe（55）responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplain（56）auniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudents,（57）graduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereference（58）inthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but（59）thattheirstudentsshouldnotbe（60）dependentonthem.IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherduties（61）teaching,suchasadministrativeorresearchwork（62）,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassis（63）.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither（64）aprofessorduringo