書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川音樂學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Herparentswantedtochangehermindsotheytriedto______hertotheirwayofthinking.

問題1選項

A.convert

B.alter

C.transfer

D.convey

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convert“(使)轉變，改變”，指改變形式、特性、信仰、觀點等；B選項alter“改變，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本質和總體結構；C選項transfer“(使)轉移，搬遷，(使)調動”；D選項convey“表達，傳遞(思想、感情等)”。根據(jù)指theirwayofthinking可知選A。句意：她的父母想改變她的想法，所以他們試圖讓她轉變到他們的思維方式。

2.單選題

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問題1選項

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項transition“過渡”；B選項transformation“轉化；轉換；改革；變形”；C選項exchange“交換；交流”；D選項fluctuation“起伏；波動”。句意：溫度的持續(xù)……使人沒法決定穿什么。只有氣溫上下波動，才讓人不好選擇穿什么衣服，因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（

）aglassofwine.

問題1選項

A.involvesin

B.indulgesin

C.contributesto

D.excelsin

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。involvein“參與，涉及，卷入”；indulgein“沉溺于，沉湎于，沉浸于，喜歡”；contributeto“捐獻，促成”；excelin“在……方面勝過”。句意：在周末，我的奶奶通常喜歡喝一杯葡萄酒。B項符合題意。

4.單選題

A:Whatareinthelady’ssuitcasearesmuggledcigarettes.

B:（

）.

問題1選項

A.Sucharetheonesinherhusband’ssuitcase.

B.Suchtheonesinherhusband’ssuitcaseare.

C.Sotheonesinherhusband’ssuitcaseare.

D.Soaretheonesinherhusband’ssuitcase.

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。這里考查so+系動詞（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）+另一主語。屬于主謂倒裝結構，表示前句所述情況，也同樣適用于第二句的主語。意思是“他丈夫的手提箱里的也是”。so意思是“也如此，也這樣”，句意為：女士手提箱中是走私香煙?！煞蚴痔嵯淅锏囊彩?。正確答案選D。

5.單選題

Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto（）themfrominjury.

問題1選項

A.save

B.shield

C.shelter

D.defend

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。save意為“使……免于受到……的損傷”；shield指用某種手段作為防御工具以防危險或傷害；shelter通常指尋找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受損害。題中是指運用頭盔這種工具躲避傷害。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.

問題1選項

A.performingbyMelissawere

B.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

C.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

D.Melissaknewthatperformingwas

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結構與同位語。分析句子結構，可知and為連詞，后面接的是一個完整的句子，因此and前也應為一個句子，空格處缺少主語，根據(jù)Evenasagirl可知agirl是主語的同位語，因此D選項符合語法和句式要求。句意：即使是個小女孩時，梅麗莎就知道表演是她的生命，而劇院的觀眾是她最好的老師。

7.單選題

（）,overthemonths,webegantogettoknowhim.

問題1選項

A.Onceinawhile

B.Fromtimetotime

C.Everynowandthen

D.Littlebylittle

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onceinawhile“偶爾，有時”；fromtimetotime“不時，有時”；everynowandthen“不時地，常?！保籰ittlebylittle“漸漸，逐漸地”。句意：經(jīng)過幾個月時間，我們漸漸地了解了他。由overthemonths,以及begantoknow可知D項“漸漸地”符合題意。

8.單選題

（）tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

問題1選項

A.Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.Tobeintroduced

D.Onbeingintroduced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當英國人在被介紹給別人的時候，經(jīng)常喜歡和陌生人握手。

9.單選題

LinesoflatituderunhorizontallyandareparalleltotheEquatorandlinesoflongituderunvertically.They（）attheNorthandSouthPoles.

問題1選項

A.converge

B.convoke

C.convoy

D.convulse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項converge“使匯聚；聚集，靠攏”；B選項convoke“召集”；C選項convoy“護航；護送”；D選項convulse“震撼；使劇烈震動；使抽搐”。句意：緯度線是水平的，與赤道平行，經(jīng)線是垂直的。它們在南極和北極匯合。題干中提到“Linesoflatitude緯線”、“l(fā)inesoflongitude經(jīng)線”和“attheNorthandSouthPoles在南北極”，由此可推斷出“聚集”符合語境，因此A選項正確。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

感激是對于每一件善舉，無論其大小，表示優(yōu)雅地接受并欣賞的藝術。我們中

的大多數(shù)人受到款待，接收禮物和獲得明顯的好處的時候都不會忘記表達自己的愉悅之情。但即使在此情景下我們都需注意并能夠以完善的方式表達之，使其盡可能地顯得個性化和體現(xiàn)自己的誠意。感激的藝術首先應該體現(xiàn)在對待小事情上充分體現(xiàn)出來：公共汽車售票員、醫(yī)院的護士、飯店的女招待還有校園的保潔員—所有這些人都在以不同

的方式為我們服務。通過表示感謝我們可以使日常平淡的關系顯得更有人情味，讓一些單調的任務變得令人愉快。我們所給予的感激永遠不會過多，因為我們身邊的人都會以我們的微笑構成他們的人生追求和工作的動力。

【答案】Gratitudeistheartofgraciouslyacceptingandappreciatingeveryactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall.Mostofusdonotfailtoshowourpleasurewhenwereceivehospitality,giftsandobviousbenefits,buteveninthiscase,wehavetomindandbecompetenttoperfectourmannerofshowinggratitudebymakingitaspersonalandsincereaspossible.Itis,aboveall,inthelittlethingsthatthegraceofgratitudeshouldbemostemployed.Thebusconductor,thenurseinthehospital,thewaitressatarestaurant,thecleanerinthecampus—allobligeusinonewayoranother.Byshowingourgratitudewemakeroutinerelationshipshumanandrendermonotonoustasksmoreagreeable.Gratitudeissomethingofwhichnoneofuscangivetoomuch.Forpeoplearoundusbuilduptheirpursuitoflifeandmotivationofworkonthesmileswegive.

11.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問題2選項

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurface

D.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves

問題3選項

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.

B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對大峽谷形成的原因和過程進行了仔細分析；最后一段進一步介紹大峽谷的進一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個巨大的傷痕，游客可能會認為峽谷是由一些古老的震動造成的）可知C選項“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.（緩慢地向后推進高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。

12.單選題

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

問題1選項

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。approve“批準”；endorse“認可；簽署”；oblige“迫使；強制”；comply“遵守；順從”。句意：如果我們能說服像耐克和可口可樂這樣的大公司來______我們的話，我們的團隊就能得到大量支持和資金。根據(jù)句意可知選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Hisassertionangeredme.

問題1選項

A.statement

B.question

C.success

D.mistake

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張；聲稱”；A選項statementn.聲明；陳述；B選項problemn.問題；C選項successn.成功；D選項mistaken.錯誤。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正確答案是A項。

14.單選題

Thegovernorwas______forwrongfuluseofstatemoney.

問題1選項

A.implanted

B.impended

C.imbued

D.impeached

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.implanted植入B.impended即將發(fā)生，正在逼近

C.imbued灌輸，感染D.impeached彈劾，歸咎

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“因挪用州政府的資金”，結合選項意思可知，Thegovernorwas______表示“州長被彈劾了”；因此，該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項都不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】這位州長因挪用州政府的資金而被彈劾。

15.問答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學醫(yī)的學生聽到他的回答很吃驚，因為她很肯定沒有經(jīng)過檢查），所以改寫的時候需要結合上文的內容來進行擴充，故改寫為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學院的學生聽到他的導師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學醫(yī)院的等級制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導醫(yī)生，他們的錯誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來替代，所以句子改寫為Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說話的傾向和能力，盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級制度的底層，所以可以改寫為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導的定語從句是修飾強調的，所以句式可以精簡，故這個句子可改寫為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學生；故該句子可以改寫為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學生想要得到指揮權是相當困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結束時對他們的指導醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學生和住院醫(yī)師應該在輪崗結束時，定期對他們的指導醫(yī)生做出正面和負面反饋）。

16.單選題

Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______.

問題1選項

A.carefullyenough

B.enoughcarefully

C.morethancareful

D.morecarefully

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。morethan用于形容詞或副詞前，意思為“非常；十分”。根據(jù)be動詞后接形容詞確定C選項morethancareful“非常小心”正確。其余選項中carefully是副詞，不放在be動詞后面。句意：要處理這個微妙的局面，你必須非常小心。C選項符合題意。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

Itiswellknownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare（

）freemedicalcare.

問題1選項

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項entitledto“有權享有，有資格”；B選項involvedin“涉及”；C選項associatedwith“參加，與……有關”；D選項assignedto“被分配給”。根據(jù)freemedicalcare（免費醫(yī)療）可知A選項符合語境。句意：眾所周知，我國退休職工享有免費醫(yī)療。

18.單選題

Itis___impossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.

問題1選項

A.preferably

B.virtually

C.precisely

D.presumably

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項preferably“更合意地，最好是”；B選項virtually“事實上，幾乎；實質上”；C選項precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項presumably“大概；推測起來；可假定”。句意：___無法想象，如果沒有城市的支持，大學、醫(yī)院、大企業(yè)甚至科學技術會出現(xiàn)。本句表達“幾乎無法想象”，因此B選項正確。

19.填空題

Smallchildrenneedtobe（

）tolookbothwaysbeforetheycrosstheroad.

【答案】

told

【解析】語義題。句意:小孩子需要被吿知橫穿馬路前要看兩邊/需要告知小孩過馬路要看兩邊。因此tell符合句意,空格處應用動詞的過去分詞形式和前面的be動詞一起表被動。

20.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項rival“對手、競爭者”；C選項enemy“敵人”；D選項companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

21.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

問題1選項

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

問題2選項

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

問題3選項

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

問題4選項

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

問題5選項

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一句指出了趨勢:Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科學論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，這也是因為美國政府機構已經(jīng)開始推動‘團隊科學’)。由此可知，C項“更多的是團隊合作的產(chǎn)物”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，當論文出現(xiàn)問題的時候，這些長名單會導致更嚴重的問題)。由此可知，多個作者共同執(zhí)筆，很難找出負責人，故選A項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(當涉及作者的任命和晉升時，著作權就發(fā)揮作用了)，因此B項“涉及作者的任命和晉升”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段給出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(畢竟，如果要根據(jù)個人的貢獻對個人做出高質量的判斷，那么法官們就能更清楚知道他們做了什么。但是，如果對整個工作的有效性產(chǎn)生疑問，無論是作為對其行為的挑戰(zhàn)，還是作為對其在該領域影響的評估，一個團隊就是一個團隊，成員們應該共同承擔責任)，因此A項“評判是針對論文本身還是其作者”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)象:科學論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升，然后指出此現(xiàn)象帶來的社會問題，最后提供了解決辦法。因此，D項“多個作者，多個問題”最適合做文章標題。

22.單選題

Thefirstpriorityisto（）agoodreferencebooktoidentifythepestandchoosethemosteffectivecontrol.

問題1選項

A.concede

B.concise

C.consent

D.consult

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。concedev.“承認；退讓”；concise“簡明的；簡潔的”；consent“同意；贊成”；consult“査閱；商量”。由空后的agoodreferencebook“一本好的參考書”可知D項正確。consultareferencebook查閱參考書。句意：首要任務就是查閱好的參考書來確定害蟲并選擇最有效的控制方法。

23.單選題

Petroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residualfueloilandlubricatingoils,comefromonesource—crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth’ssurfaceaswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowtheearth’ssurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.Sometimescrudeoilissecuredbydrillingaholethroughtheearth,butmoredryholesaredrilledthanthoseproducingoil.Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.

Crudeoilwellsflowatvaryingrates,fromtentothousandsofbarrelsperhour.Petroleumproductsarealwaysmeasuredin42-gallonbarrels.

Petroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance:thin,thick,transparentoropaque,buttheirchemicalcompositionismadeupofonlytwoelements:carbonandhydrogen,whichformcompoundscalledhydrocarbons.Otherchemicalelementsfoundinunionwiththehydrocarbonsarefewandareclassifiedasimpurities.Traceelementsarealsofound,butthoseareofsuchminutequantitiesthattheyaredisregarded.Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule.

Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,keroseneanddistillateoil.Theresidueremainingafterthelightoilsaredistilledisknownasheavyorresiduefueloilandisusedmostlyforburningunderboilers.Additionalcomplicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureofthehydrocarbonstoproduceotherproducts,someofwhichareusedtoupgradeandincreasetheoctaneratingofvarioustypesofgasoline.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Manythousandsofhydrocarboncompoundsarepossiblebecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.Howiscrudeoilbroughttothesurface?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasalightoil?

問題1選項

A.Crudeoilisfoundbelowlandandwater.

B.Crudeoilisalwaysfoundafewhundredfeetbelowthesurface.

C.Pumpingandpressureforcecrudeoiltothesurface.

D.Avarietyofpetroleumproductsisobtainedfromcrudeoil.

問題2選項

A.thepetroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance

B.complicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructure

C.thetwoatomsinthemoleculeassumemanypositions

D.thepressureneededtoforceittothesurfacecausesmoleculartransformation

問題3選項

A.Thevariouspetroleumproductsareproducedbyfiltration.

B.Heatingandcondensationproducethevariousproducts.

C.Chemicalseparationisusedtoproducethevariousproducts.

D.Mechanicalmeanssuchasthecentrifugeareusedtoproducethevariousproducts.

問題4選項

A.Expansionofthehydrocarbons.

B.Pressureandpumping.

C.Vacuumcreatedinthedrillingpipe.

D.Expansionandcontractionoftheearth’ssurface.

問題5選項

A.Distillateoil.

B.Gasoline.

C.Lubricationoil

D.Kerosene.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A:原油在陸地和水下被發(fā)現(xiàn),B:原油經(jīng)常被發(fā)現(xiàn)于地球表面下幾百英尺,第一段指出:crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth'ssurfaceaswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowtheearth’ssurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior(被發(fā)現(xiàn)于地球表面和廣泛水域下的原油，從地球表面下幾百英尺到深入地球內部2.5萬英尺),因此A項符合原意,B項過于絕對。由第一段中“Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.栗源壓力迫使原油滲出表面?！敝狢項是對原文的同義轉述。D:各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中被獲取,由最后一段“Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors(各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中通過加熱和冷凝蒸汽而從原油中被精煉出來)”可知D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule(碳和氫的結合構成了數(shù)千計的化合物，而這種構成的可能是因為這兩種原子在烷烴分子中的不同位置和結合方式),由此可知C項“這兩種原子可以在分子中處于多種位置”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors(各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中通過加熱和冷凝蒸汽而從原油中被精煉出來),由此可知B項“加熱和冷凝產(chǎn)生了各種產(chǎn)品”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface(泵源壓力迫使原油滲出表面),故選B項“壓力和泵送”。

5.判斷推理題。由關鍵詞lightoil定位至第三段:Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,keroseneanddistillateoil(這些產(chǎn)品就被稱之為輕油，例如汽油、煤油和餾出油)。故選C。

24.不定項選擇題

Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities（1）ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic(suchasmusicordance),paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman（2）toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis（3）understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.（4）musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction（5）the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux--someexamples（6）totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat（7）forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.

Themajor（8）examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted（9）totheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions.（10）,WesternsharedaEuropeanculturaltradition--theMiddleEastandMediterraneanBasinand,later,thecountriesoftheNewWorld.

Westernpaintingisingeneraldistinguishedbyitsconcentration（11）therepresentationofthehuman（12）,whetherintheheroiccontextofantiquityorthereligiouscontextoftheearlyChristianandmedievalworld.TheRenaissance（13）thistraditionthrougha（14）examinationofthenaturalworldandaninvestigationofbalance,harmony,andperspectiveinthevisibleworld,linkingpainting（15）thedevelopingsciencesofanatomyandoptics.Thefirstreal（16）fromfigurativepaintingcamewiththegrowthoflandscapepaintinginthe17thand18thcenturies.Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcenturyinanatmospherethatwasincreasingly（17）“painterly”qualitiesofthe（18）oflightandcolorandtheexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling.Inthe20thcenturytheseinterests（19）tothedevelopmentofathirdmajortraditioninWesternpainting,abstractpainting,whichsoughtto（20）andexpressthetruenatureofpaintandpaintingthroughactionandform.

問題1