Unit3Unit3andusageandusageLeadinHongKong________toChinain1997.returnedLeadinHongKong________toMacao________toChinain1999.returnedHongKong____________toChinabeforeMacaocamebacktoChina.hadreturnedMacao________toChinain199Thesimplepasttensetalksaboutapastaction.Whensomethinghappensatanevenearliertimeinthepast,weuse

thepastperfecttensePastperfecttensehaddoneThesimplepasttensetalksabPresentPastbuildagardencleanthehouseI___________thehousebeforeI_____agarden.hadcleanedbuiltFridayThefollowingiswhatIdidlastweek.PresentPastbuildagardencleaMoreexamplesofthePastperfecttense.1.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.2.Bytheendoflastyear,mybrotherhadbeenasoldierfor10years.MoreexamplesofthePastperf3.BeforeTonywenttowork,hehadfinishedreadingthenovel.4.Notuntil10yearslaterdidsheknow,thediamondshehadborrowedwasjustmadeofglass.

3.BeforeTonywenttowork,h主語+had+過去分詞(肯定式)

主語+had+not+過去分詞(否定式)Had+主語+過去分詞(疑問式)主語+hadbeen+過去分詞(被動(dòng)語態(tài))e.g.Wehadnotheardfromhimsincewelefthere.自從我們離開以來一直沒有收到他的來信。Pastperfecttense主語+had+過去分詞(肯定式)Pastpe1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。

e.g.Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.

她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。1.在told,said,knew,heard,2.狀語從句在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。

e.g.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves

hadrunaway.

警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缗芰恕?/p>

2.狀語從句3.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。

e.g.We

hadhoped

thatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.

那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。3.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expec4.在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句。

e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,we

hadproduced

20,000cars.Thetrain

hadleft

beforewereachedthestation.

4.在by,bytheend,bythetim5.表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：

Hardlyhad+主語+過去分詞+when+一般過去時(shí)

Nosoonerhad+主語+過去分詞+than+一般過去時(shí)

Scarcelyhad+主語+過去分詞+before+一般過去時(shí)

e.g.Nosooner

hadwebeenseated

thanthebus

started.

我們一坐下，車就開了。5.表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：1.Thenewsisnosurprisetome,I_____forsometimethatthefactoryisgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knowC.haveknownD.knew過去完成時(shí)不能孤立使用，它必須以過去某一時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，即“過去的過去”，因此只有在和過去某時(shí)或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。1.Thenewsisnosurpriseto2.JohnandI______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_____eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen2.JohnandI______friendsf3.我原打算來的，但太忙了。(mean)Ihadmeanttocome,butIwastoobusy.hadmeant/planned/intendedtodo…,表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等。3.我原打算來的，但太忙了。(mean)IhadmeAmeliaEarhartThefirstwomanpilottoflyacrosstheAtlantic生于1897年7月24日，1937年7月2日失蹤，1939年1月5日被宣布逝世。AmeliaEarhartThefirstwomanAmeliaEarhartwasbornon24July1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_(tái)___already_____

herfirstairplane.She⑵_______toChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶______already_______

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.hadseenhadmovedtakenAmeliaEarhartwasbornonThenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷___________thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic.

ShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸__________threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.hadbecomehadmetThenherinterestinflyinOn1June1937,she⑹_______herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentwellinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺____________flyingnearlyamonthearlier.WhenbasetriedtocontactAmeliaat9.30p.m.on2July1937,she⑻_____already______missing.startedhadstartedhadgoneOn1June1937,she⑹___牛津譯林版高中英語模塊2：Unit3-Grammar-and-usage課件WhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peopleassumeditwouldneversink.So,whenitsankonitsfirstjourney,thenews(1)__________(surprise)everyonegreatly.TheTitanicwasbuiltinBelfast,Ireland.Itsmakers(2)_______(spend)agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship.Whenitwasfinished,itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt.surprisedspentWhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peTheTitanicsetsailon10April1921.‘I(3)_____________(want)tosetfootontheTitaniceversinceitwasbuilt,’saidMollyBrown,aTitanicsurvivor.‘Ineverimagineditwouldsink.’On13April,theTitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsNewYork.Thecaptain,who(4)____________(receive)warningsabouticebergsallday,hadmissedthewarningsasthey(5)_________(arrive).hadwantedhadreceivedarrivedTheTitanicsetsailon10AprAt2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintothesea.It(6)_______(hit)anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore.Ofthe2,208peopleaboardtheship,only705(7)_________(survive).ExplorerRobertBallard(8)____________(search)fortheTitanicformorethan20yearbeforehefoundit.‘Whennewtechnologywasdeveloped,we(9)_____(use)ittosendcamerasdownhadhithadsearchedusedsurvivedAt2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintosea.Finally,wefoundtheship.’Withhiscameras,hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich(10)___________(cause)ittofillwithwaterandsink.hadcausedintosea.Finally,wefoundthThepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventwhichrelatestothepresenttime.Thepastperfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalk

aboutanevenearlierevent.Presentperfectorpastperfect?ThepresentperfecttenseisuCaiLunisafamousChineseinventor,knownforinventingpaper.CaiinventedpaperinAD105,but(1)____________manytimesatfirst.Beforehisinventionworked,Cai(2)___________manydifferentpartsoftreesandplantstomakeTheinventorofpaperheartrycatchfailshowhadfailedhadtriedCaiLunisafamousChineseinpaper---evenoldfishingnets!AfterCaiinventedpaper,peoplealloverChinausedit.Atthattime,however,noone(3)___________ofCaiorpaperintheWest.PaperwasspreadtotheWestthroughtheArabs,wholearnthowtomakepaperinAD751.They(4)____________severalChinesepapermakersduringawar,hadheardhadcaughtpaper---evenoldfishingnetwhothentoldthemaboutCai’sinvention.Oncethepapermakers(5)____________peoplehowtomakepaper,itcameintowidespreaduseallovertheworld.hadshownwhothentoldthemaboutCai’s1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。e.g.你聽說過林則徐的故事嗎？

HaveyouheardaboutthestoryofLinZexu?Summary1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。e.2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作，常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，多帶有延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語，如:since,forthreeweeks,sofar,inrecentyears等。e.g.這座房子已閑置好多年。

Thehousehasbeenemptyformanyyears.2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼3.表示將來，用于時(shí)間、條件等從句中。e.g.我一完成工作就和你一起去。I’llgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.3.表示將來，用于時(shí)間、條件等從句中。e.g.我一完成工

注*終止性動(dòng)詞一般不與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語連用，所以有些句子在漢語中成立，在英語中則要適當(dāng)變通。如：“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了。”不能翻譯成：“Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.”但可變通為：“Hehasbeenasoldier/inthearmyforthreeyears.”注*終止性動(dòng)詞一般不與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語連用，所以有些“Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.”

但是終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式則可以用于完成時(shí)。如：

Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.“Hejoinedthearmythreeyear*在“thisisthefirst(second)timethat…”句型中，從句謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。e.g.這是我第三次來這里。

ThisisthethirdtimethatIhavebeenhere.*副詞before常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

e.g.Haveyouevermethimbefore?

你以前見過他嗎？*在“thisisthefirst(seco1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests__whenhe__attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived1.Tomwasdisappointedthatm2.We______fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned2.We______fourthousandnew3.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.He____herbefore.A.neversawB.hadneverseenC.neverseesD.hasneverseen3.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,4.Ican’tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard._____?A.HasitallbeenfinishedB.WasitallfinishedC.HasitallfinishedD.Diditallfinished4.Ican’tseeanycoffeeint5.______mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.A.I’dphonedB.I’vebeenphoningC.I’vephonedD.Iwasphoning5.______mysisterthreetime6.----Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It________forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned6.----Thewindowisdirty.7.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower____increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7.Thefirstuseofatomicwea8.Morepatients___inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.TreatedB.havetreatedC.havebeentreatedD.havebeentreated8.Morepatients___inhospit9.They___ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe___itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking9.They___ontheprogramfo今天上午十點(diǎn)鐘前，他已經(jīng)完成了這項(xiàng)工作。他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。Hehadfinishedheworkbeforeteno’clockthismorning.Hetoldmethathehadknownhersincehewasachild.今天上午十點(diǎn)鐘前，他已經(jīng)完成了這項(xiàng)工作。Hehadfin3.我原以為我以前見過他。IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore.4.八點(diǎn)鐘，學(xué)生開始在田里勞動(dòng)，這 時(shí)雨已經(jīng)停了，太陽出來了。Thestudentsstartedworkinginthefieldsat8o’clock.Therainhadstoppedandthesunwasshining.3.我原以為我以前見過他。IthoughtIhad5.我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上 火車。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.5.我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上 火車。IhadhoWorkbookExerciseWorkbookExercise牛津譯林版高中英語模塊2：Unit3-Grammar-and-usage課件Unit3Unit3andusageandusageLeadinHongKong________toChinain1997.returnedLeadinHongKong________toMacao________toChinain1999.returnedHongKong____________toChinabeforeMacaocamebacktoChina.hadreturnedMacao________toChinain199Thesimplepasttensetalksaboutapastaction.Whensomethinghappensatanevenearliertimeinthepast,weuse

thepastperfecttensePastperfecttensehaddoneThesimplepasttensetalksabPresentPastbuildagardencleanthehouseI___________thehousebeforeI_____agarden.hadcleanedbuiltFridayThefollowingiswhatIdidlastweek.PresentPastbuildagardencleaMoreexamplesofthePastperfecttense.1.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.2.Bytheendoflastyear,mybrotherhadbeenasoldierfor10years.MoreexamplesofthePastperf3.BeforeTonywenttowork,hehadfinishedreadingthenovel.4.Notuntil10yearslaterdidsheknow,thediamondshehadborrowedwasjustmadeofglass.

3.BeforeTonywenttowork,h主語+had+過去分詞(肯定式)

主語+had+not+過去分詞(否定式)Had+主語+過去分詞(疑問式)主語+hadbeen+過去分詞(被動(dòng)語態(tài))e.g.Wehadnotheardfromhimsincewelefthere.自從我們離開以來一直沒有收到他的來信。Pastperfecttense主語+had+過去分詞(肯定式)Pastpe1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。

e.g.Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.

她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。1.在told,said,knew,heard,2.狀語從句在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。

e.g.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves

hadrunaway.

警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缗芰恕?/p>

2.狀語從句3.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。

e.g.We

hadhoped

thatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.

那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。3.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expec4.在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句。

e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,we

hadproduced

20,000cars.Thetrain

hadleft

beforewereachedthestation.

4.在by,bytheend,bythetim5.表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：

Hardlyhad+主語+過去分詞+when+一般過去時(shí)

Nosoonerhad+主語+過去分詞+than+一般過去時(shí)

Scarcelyhad+主語+過去分詞+before+一般過去時(shí)

e.g.Nosooner

hadwebeenseated

thanthebus

started.

我們一坐下，車就開了。5.表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：1.Thenewsisnosurprisetome,I_____forsometimethatthefactoryisgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knowC.haveknownD.knew過去完成時(shí)不能孤立使用，它必須以過去某一時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，即“過去的過去”，因此只有在和過去某時(shí)或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。1.Thenewsisnosurpriseto2.JohnandI______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_____eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen2.JohnandI______friendsf3.我原打算來的，但太忙了。(mean)Ihadmeanttocome,butIwastoobusy.hadmeant/planned/intendedtodo…,表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等。3.我原打算來的，但太忙了。(mean)IhadmeAmeliaEarhartThefirstwomanpilottoflyacrosstheAtlantic生于1897年7月24日，1937年7月2日失蹤，1939年1月5日被宣布逝世。AmeliaEarhartThefirstwomanAmeliaEarhartwasbornon24July1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_(tái)___already_____

herfirstairplane.She⑵_______toChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶______already_______

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.hadseenhadmovedtakenAmeliaEarhartwasbornonThenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷___________thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic.

ShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸__________threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.hadbecomehadmetThenherinterestinflyinOn1June1937,she⑹_______herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentwellinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺____________flyingnearlyamonthearlier.WhenbasetriedtocontactAmeliaat9.30p.m.on2July1937,she⑻_____already______missing.startedhadstartedhadgoneOn1June1937,she⑹___牛津譯林版高中英語模塊2：Unit3-Grammar-and-usage課件WhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peopleassumeditwouldneversink.So,whenitsankonitsfirstjourney,thenews(1)__________(surprise)everyonegreatly.TheTitanicwasbuiltinBelfast,Ireland.Itsmakers(2)_______(spend)agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship.Whenitwasfinished,itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt.surprisedspentWhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peTheTitanicsetsailon10April1921.‘I(3)_____________(want)tosetfootontheTitaniceversinceitwasbuilt,’saidMollyBrown,aTitanicsurvivor.‘Ineverimagineditwouldsink.’On13April,theTitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsNewYork.Thecaptain,who(4)____________(receive)warningsabouticebergsallday,hadmissedthewarningsasthey(5)_________(arrive).hadwantedhadreceivedarrivedTheTitanicsetsailon10AprAt2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintothesea.It(6)_______(hit)anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore.Ofthe2,208peopleaboardtheship,only705(7)_________(survive).ExplorerRobertBallard(8)____________(search)fortheTitanicformorethan20yearbeforehefoundit.‘Whennewtechnologywasdeveloped,we(9)_____(use)ittosendcamerasdownhadhithadsearchedusedsurvivedAt2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintosea.Finally,wefoundtheship.’Withhiscameras,hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich(10)___________(cause)ittofillwithwaterandsink.hadcausedintosea.Finally,wefoundthThepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventwhichrelatestothepresenttime.Thepastperfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalk

aboutanevenearlierevent.Presentperfectorpastperfect?ThepresentperfecttenseisuCaiLunisafamousChineseinventor,knownforinventingpaper.CaiinventedpaperinAD105,but(1)____________manytimesatfirst.Beforehisinventionworked,Cai(2)___________manydifferentpartsoftreesandplantstomakeTheinventorofpaperheartrycatchfailshowhadfailedhadtriedCaiLunisafamousChineseinpaper---evenoldfishingnets!AfterCaiinventedpaper,peoplealloverChinausedit.Atthattime,however,noone(3)___________ofCaiorpaperintheWest.PaperwasspreadtotheWestthroughtheArabs,wholearnthowtomakepaperinAD751.They(4)____________severalChinesepapermakersduringawar,hadheardhadcaughtpaper---evenoldfishingnetwhothentoldthemaboutCai’sinvention.Oncethepapermakers(5)____________peoplehowtomakepaper,itcameintowidespreaduseallovertheworld.hadshownwhothentoldthemaboutCai’s1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。e.g.你聽說過林則徐的故事嗎？

HaveyouheardaboutthestoryofLinZexu?Summary1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。e.2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作，常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，多帶有延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語，如:since,forthreeweeks,sofar,inrecentyears等。e.g.這座房子已閑置好多年。

Thehousehasbeenemptyformanyyears.2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼3.表示將來，用于時(shí)間、條件等從句中。e.g.我一完成工作就和你一起去。I’llgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.3.表示將來，用于時(shí)間、條件等從句中。e.g.我一完成工

注*終止性動(dòng)詞一般不與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語連用，所以有些句子在漢語中成立，在英語中則要適當(dāng)變通。如：“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了。”不能翻譯成：“Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.”但可變通為：“Hehasbeenasoldier/inthearmyforthreeyears.”注*終止性動(dòng)詞一般不與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語連用，所以有些“Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.”

但是終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式則可以用于完成時(shí)。如：

Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.“Hejoinedthearmythreeyear*在“thisisthefirst(second)timethat…”句型中，從句謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。e.g.這是我第三次來這里。

ThisisthethirdtimethatIhavebeenhere.*副詞before常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

e.g.Haveyouevermethimbefore?

你以前見過他嗎？*在“thisisthefirst(seco1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests__whenhe__attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived1.Tomwasdisappointedthatm2.We______fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned2.We______fourthousandnew3.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.He____herbefore.A.neversawB.hadneverseenC.neverseesD.hasneverseen3.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,4.Ican’tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard._____?A.HasitallbeenfinishedB.